2026年陕西省人教版高二英语必修二第八章课后练习题

2026年陕西省人教版高二英语必修二第八章课后练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Intheunit"TheGreatBarrierReef,"whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage"ExploringtheUnderwaterWorld"?A.Topersuadereaderstobecomemarinebiologistsbydescribingthefascinatingcreaturesandecosystemsofthereef.B.TocomparetheGreatBarrierReefwithothercoralreefsaroundtheworldintermsofbiodiversityandtourismvalue.C.Toexplainthescientificmethodsusedbyresearcherstostudycoralreefhealthandclimatechangeimpacts.D.TointroducethehistoricalsignificanceoftheGreatBarrierReefinAustraliancultureandmythology.解析：本题考查单元主题理解。正确答案为A，因为文章重点描述了珊瑚礁的奇妙生物和生态系统，激发读者对海洋生物学的兴趣。选项B错误，文章未涉及与其他珊瑚礁的比较；选项C错误，文章未深入探讨科研方法；选项D错误，文章未提及文化神话。干扰项设计上，B选项通过“比较”吸引对数据类文章的误判，C选项通过“科研方法”干扰对科普类文章的识别，D选项通过“文化神话”干扰对地理生态类文章的判断。2.Inthereadingpassage"CoralBleaching:ASilentCrisis,"whichsentencebestsummarizestheauthor'stone?A."Manyscientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingistheprimarycauseofcoralbleaching,buthumanactivitiesalsocontributetotheproblem."B."Coralreefsaredyingatanalarmingrate,andifwedon'ttakeaction,theconsequenceswillbecatastrophicformarinelife."C."Whilecoralbleachinghasbeenobservedfordecades,recentstudiesshowadramaticincreaseinitsfrequencyandseverity."D."TheGreatBarrierReefhasbeenhithardestbycoralbleaching,butotherreefsaroundtheworldarealsofacingsimilarthreats."解析：正确答案为B，文章通过“alarmingrate”和“catastrophicconsequences”等词汇表达紧迫感和危机感。干扰项设计上，A选项通过“科学家观点”分散注意力，C选项通过“数据趋势”干扰对情感态度的判断，D选项通过“具体案例”弱化整体批判性。3.Intheunit'sgrammarsection,whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoicetodescribetheprocessofcoralbleaching?A."Coralpolypslosetheircolorwhentheyexpelzooxanthellaeduetostress."B."Thezooxanthellaeareexpelledbycoralpolypswhentheyexperienceenvironmentalstress."C."Ifenvironmentalstresscontinues,thecoralpolypswilllosetheirzooxanthellae."D."Coralbleachingiscausedbythelossofzooxanthellaefromcoralpolyps."解析：正确答案为B，符合被动语态“be+过去分词”结构。干扰项设计上，A选项为主动语态，C选项为条件句，D选项为主动句，均干扰对被动语态的识别。4.Inthewritingtask"WriteaLettertoaScientist,"whichopeningsentenceismostappropriateforaddressingamarinebiologist?A."DearMr.Smith,Iamwritingtoaskforyouradviceonhowtobecomeamarinebiologist."B."DearDr.Johnson,Iaminterestedinyourresearchoncoralreefsandwouldliketolearnmoreaboutit."C."DearProfessorLee,Iamwritingtothankyouforyourcontributionstomarinescience."D."DearMs.White,Iamwritingtoaskifyoucanhelpmegetajobatyourresearchlab."解析：正确答案为B，符合学术信函的礼貌和目的性。干扰项设计上，A选项过于直接，C选项过于笼统，D选项过于功利，均干扰对正式信函格式的判断。5.Intheunit'sspeakingactivity"Debate:ShouldTourismBeRestrictedintheGreatBarrierReef?"whichargumentsupportsthepro-side?A."Tourismgeneratessignificantrevenueforlocalcommunities,whichcanbeusedtofundconservationefforts."B."Tourismhelpsraiseawarenessabouttheimportanceofprotectingcoralreefsamongthegeneralpublic."C."Tourismhasminimalenvironmentalimpactwhenproperlymanagedwithstrictregulations."D."Tourismshouldberestrictedbecauseitcontributestooverfishingandpollutioninthereef."解析：正确答案为B，符合辩论正方观点。干扰项设计上，A选项为反方论据，C选项为技术性观点，D选项为反方极端论据，均干扰对辩论立场区分。6.Inthereadingpassage"TheSecretLifeofaCoralPolyp,"whichsentencebestdescribesthesymbioticrelationshipbetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellae?A."Coralpolypsprovideshelterforzooxanthellae,whilezooxanthellaegivethemnutrientsthroughphotosynthesis."B."Coralpolypsfeedonzooxanthellae,whichhelpsthemgrowfasterinnutrient-poorwaters."C."Coralpolypsandzooxanthellaecompeteforresources,buttheybothbenefitfromlivingincloseproximity."D."Coralpolypsdonotinteractwithzooxanthellae,astheyareindependentorganismswithnomutualbenefits."解析：正确答案为A，符合共生关系的定义。干扰项设计上，B选项为捕食关系，C选项为竞争关系，D选项为完全独立关系，均干扰对生物学概念的准确理解。7.Intheunit'svocabularysection,whichwordbestdescribestheGreatBarrierReef?A."Monotonous"becauseitconsistsofthesametypeofcoralstructures.B."Diverse"becauseitcontainsawidevarietyofmarinespecies.C."Isolated"becauseitislocatedfarfromanymajorlandmass.D."Monumental"becauseitisthelargestcoralreefsystemintheworld.解析：正确答案为B，文章强调珊瑚礁的生物多样性。干扰项设计上，A选项通过“单调”制造误导，C选项通过“偏远”干扰对地理特征的判断，D选项通过“宏伟”弱化核心概念。8.Inthewritingtask"DesignaBrochureforaCoralReefTour,"whichsectionshouldincludeinformationaboutsafetyprecautions?A.Theintroductionsection,toattractreaders'attentionwithexcitingfactsaboutthereef.B.Theactivitiessection,todescribethedifferenttoursavailableforvisitors.C.Theconservationsection,toeducatereadersabouttheimportanceofprotectingcoralreefs.D.Thesafetysection,toinformtouristsabouthowtoavoidharmingthereefwhileswimmingordiving.解析：正确答案为D，符合宣传材料的功能性需求。干扰项设计上，A选项为吸引读者，B选项为介绍活动，C选项为教育内容，均干扰对宣传材料结构功能的判断。9.Intheunit'slisteningactivity"InterviewwithaDiver,"whichquestionwouldbestelicitdetailedinformationaboutthediver'sexperience?A."DoyouenjoydivingintheGreatBarrierReef?"B."HowoftendoyoudiveintheGreatBarrierReef?"C."Whatdoyouthinkabouttheimpactoftourismonthereef?"D."CanyoudescribethemostmemorablemomentofyourdiveintheGreatBarrierReef?"解析：正确答案为D，开放式问题能引导受访者分享具体经历。干扰项设计上，A选项为封闭式问题，B选项为频率问题，C选项为观点问题，均干扰对信息深度挖掘的判断。10.Intheunit'sproject"CreateaModelofaCoralReefEcosystem,"whichelementshouldbeincludedtorepresentthefoodweb?A.Alargefishtanktosimulatetheunderwaterenvironment.B.Avarietyofcoralstructurestorepresentthehabitat.C.Adiagramshowingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentmarinespecies.D.Acollectionofshellsandrockstoaddrealismtothemodel.解析：正确答案为C，食物网是生态系统的核心概念。干扰项设计上，A选项为环境模拟，B选项为栖息地，D选项为装饰元素，均干扰对生态学核心要素的识别。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage"CoralBleaching:ASilentCrisis,"theauthormentionsthat"coralpolypsexpeltheirzooxanthellaewhenstressed."Thisphenomenonisknownas_________.参考答案：coralbleaching解析：文章明确指出珊瑚白化是珊瑚虫排出虫黄藻的现象，属于单元核心概念。2.Theunit'sgrammarsectionexplainsthatthepassivevoiceisoftenusedinscientificwritingtoemphasizethe_________ratherthantheactor.参考答案：action解析：语法讲解强调被动语态突出动作本身，符合学术写作规范。3.Inthespeakingactivity"Debate:ShouldTourismBeRestrictedintheGreatBarrierReef?"thepro-sidearguesthattourismcan_________awarenessaboutmarineconservationamongthegeneralpublic.参考答案：raise解析：辩论正方观点明确指出旅游能提升公众环保意识，属于单元主题内容。4.Thereadingpassage"TheSecretLifeofaCoralPolyp"describeshowzooxanthellaeprovidecoralpolypswith_________throughphotosynthesis.参考答案：energy解析：文章说明虫黄藻通过光合作用为珊瑚虫提供能量，属于生物学知识。5.Intheunit'svocabularysection,theword"biodiversity"referstothevarietyof_________withinaparticularecosystem.参考答案：livingorganisms解析：词汇讲解明确指出生物多样性指生态系统中生物种类的多样性。6.Thewritingtask"WriteaLettertoaScientist"requiresstudentstousea_________tonetoaddresstheirquestionsorrequests.参考答案：formal解析：书信写作指导强调学术信函的正式语气，符合单元写作要求。7.Inthelisteningactivity"InterviewwithaDiver,"thedivermentionsthat"theGreatBarrierReefishometothousandsofspecies,includingsharks,rays,andturtles."Thishighlightsthereef's_________richness.参考答案：marine解析：听力材料强调珊瑚礁的海洋生物多样性，属于单元主题内容。8.Theunit'sproject"CreateaModelofaCoralReefEcosystem"requiresstudentstoincludea_________toshowtheflowofenergybetweenproducersandconsumers.参考答案：foodweb解析：项目要求包含食物网模型，符合生态学核心概念。9.Inthepassage"ExploringtheUnderwaterWorld,"theauthordescribeshow"coralpolypssecretecalciumcarbonatetobuildtheirskeletons."Thisprocessisessentialfortheformationof_________.参考答案：coralreefs解析：文章说明珊瑚虫分泌碳酸钙形成骨骼，是珊瑚礁形成的基础。10.Theunit'sgrammarsectionexplainsthatthepassivevoicecanbeusedtoavoidmentioningthe_________whentheactorisunknownorirrelevant.参考答案：agent解析：语法讲解指出被动语态可省略施动者，符合学术写作特点。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Coralbleachingisanaturalprocessthatoccurswhencoralpolypsexpeltheirzooxanthellaeduetoenvironmentalstress.参考答案：正确解析：文章明确指出珊瑚白化是珊瑚虫应激反应，属于单元核心概念。2.TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedinthePacificOcean,offthecoastofQueensland,Australia.参考答案：正确解析：地理知识属于单元背景信息，文章有相关描述。3.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"symbiosis"todescribetherelationshipbetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellae.参考答案：正确解析：词汇讲解明确解释共生关系，符合单元主题内容。4.Inthewritingtask"DesignaBrochureforaCoralReefTour,"studentsshouldfocusonsellingthetoursratherthanprovidingsafetyinformation.参考答案：错误解析：写作指导强调宣传材料需包含安全提示，符合实用文本要求。5.Thereadingpassage"CoralBleaching:ASilentCrisis"suggeststhatcoralreefscanrecoverfrombleachingiftheenvironmentalstressisremoved.参考答案：正确解析：文章提到珊瑚礁在压力消除后可恢复，属于生物学知识。6.Theunit'sgrammarsectionexplainsthatthepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoiceinacademicwriting.参考答案：错误解析：语法讲解指出被动语态在特定语境更正式，但非绝对规则。7.Inthespeakingactivity"Debate:ShouldTourismBeRestrictedintheGreatBarrierReef?"thepro-sidearguesthattourismhasnonegativeimpactonthereef.参考答案：错误解析：辩论正方观点强调旅游的积极作用，而非完全无影响。8.Thelisteningactivity"InterviewwithaDiver"includesarecordingofadiverdescribingtheirpersonalexperiencesintheGreatBarrierReef.参考答案：正确解析：听力材料通常包含受访者真实经历，符合活动设计。9.Theunit'sproject"CreateaModelofaCoralReefEcosystem"requiresstudentstouserealcoralsamplestobuildtheirmodels.参考答案：错误解析：项目要求通常为模拟模型，而非使用真实珊瑚。10.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"monumental"todescribethesizeoftheGreatBarrierReef.参考答案：正确解析：词汇讲解明确解释宏伟规模，符合单元主题内容。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthesymbioticrelationshipbetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellaeinyourownwords.参考答案：Coralpolypsandzooxanthellaehaveamutualisticrelationship:coralpolypsprovideshelterandnutrientsforzooxanthellae,whilezooxanthellaeperformphotosynthesistoproduceoxygenandorganiccompoundsthatfeedthecoralpolyps.Thispartnershiphelpscoralreefsthriveinnutrient-poormarineenvironments.解析：答案需包含双方互惠机制，如“提供栖息地”“光合作用”等，解析需解释共生关系的生物学意义。2.Describethreedifferenttypesofcoralreefsmentionedintheunit.参考答案：Theunitmentionsthreetypesofcoralreefs:fringingreefs,barrierreefs,andatolls.Fringingreefsgrowalongcoastlines,barrierreefsareseparatedfromshorelinesbylagoons,andatollsarering-shapedreefsformedaroundsubmergedvolcanicislands.解析：答案需列举三种类型并简述特征，解析需解释地理学分类标准。3.Whyiscoralbleachingconsideredaseriousthreattomarineecosystems?参考答案：Coralbleachingisaseriousthreatbecauseitweakenscoralstructures,reducesbiodiversity,anddisruptsfoodwebs.Ifcoralsdie,entireecosystemscollapse,affectingfishpopulations,tourism,andcoastalprotection.解析：答案需从生态、经济、社会角度分析危害，解析需解释连锁反应机制。4.Howcantourismimpactcoralreefecosystems?参考答案：Tourismcanimpactcoralreefsthroughphysicaldamage(divinggear,anchors),pollution(waste,sunscreen),andoverfishing(depletingfoodsources).Thesestressorsincreasetheriskofcoralbleachingandhabitatdegradation.解析：答案需列举具体影响方式，解析需解释人类活动与生态压力的关系。5.Whatisthepassivevoice,andwhenshoulditbeusedinacademicwriting?参考答案：Thepassivevoiceisformedwith"be+pastparticiple"(e.g.,"Theexperimentwasconducted").Itshouldbeusedwhentheactorisunknown,irrelevant,orobvious,ortoemphasizetheactionratherthanthesubject(e.g.,"Coralbleachingiscausedbyrisingtemperatures").解析：答案需解释语法结构及适用场景，解析需说明学术写作的语体特点。6.Explainthedifferencebetweenacoralreefandakelpforest.参考答案：Coralreefsarebuiltbycalciumcarbonateskeletonsofcoralpolypsandaretypicallyfoundintropicalwaters.Kelpforestsaredominatedbylargebrownalgaeandthriveincold,nutrient-richwaters.解析：答案需从构成、分布、生态特征区分两种生态系统，解析需解释生物地理学差异。7.Whatarethreekeyconservationstrategiesforprotectingcoralreefs?参考答案：Threeconservationstrategiesinclude:reducinggreenhousegasemissionstoslowwarming,enforcingmarineprotectedareastolimithumanactivities,andrestoringdamagedreefsthroughcoralgardening.解析：答案需列举具体措施，解析需解释政策与技术的可行性。8.Howdoestheunit'svocabularysectionhelpstudentsunderstandscientifictexts?参考答案：Thevocabularysectionintroducestermslike"biodiversity,""symbiosis,"and"bleaching,"whichareessentialforunderstandingscientifictexts.Bylearningthesewords,studentscancomprehendcomplexideasandanalyzeecologicalissuesmoreeffectively.解析：答案需说明词汇学习对阅读的作用，解析需解释学术术语的重要性。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Imagineyouarewritingabrochureforacoralreeftour.Writeashortparagraph(50words)describingthetour'shighlights,includingatleasttwocoralreeffeatures.参考答案：Joinourguidedcoralreeftourtoexplorevibrantcoralformationsanddiversemarinelife!Witnessschoolsoffishdartingthroughbraincoralsandencountergentleseaturtlesnearthereef'sedge.Perfectforsnorkelingandphotography,thistouroffersanunforgettableunderwateradventure.解析：答案需包含珊瑚礁特征（如脑珊瑚、海龟），解析需检查语言吸引力与信息完整性。2.Youareparticipatinginthespeakingactivity"Debate:ShouldTourismBeRestrictedintheGreatBarrierReef?"Writeaone-minutespeech(80words)arguingforthepro-side.参考答案：Ladiesandgentlemen,tourismsupportsconservation!Revenuefundsresearch,education,andreefrestoration.Sustainabletourismpromotesawareness,inspiringmorepeopletoprotectmarineecosystems.Withproperregulations,tourismandreefscanthrivetogether.Let’sbalancegrowthandpreservation!解析：答案需包含经济、教育、环保论据，解析需检查逻辑连贯与说服力。3.Intheunit'sproject"CreateaModelofaCoralReefEcosystem,"designadiagram(drawnordescribed)showingthefoodweb,includingatleastthreetrophiclevels.参考答案：-Producers:Zooxanthellae(photosynthesis)-PrimaryConsumers:Smallfish(eatalgae)-SecondaryConsumers:Largerfish(eatsmallfish)-Decomposers:Bacteria(breakdownwaste)解析：答案需包含完整食物链，解析需解释生态位关系。4.Readthefollowingsentence:"Coralpolypssecretecalciumcarbonatetobuildtheirskeletons."Rewriteitinthepassivevoice.参考答案：Calciumcarbonateissecretedbycoralpolypstobuildtheirskeletons.解析：答案需正确使用被动语态，解析需检查语法结构及语义保持。5.Youarewritingalettertoamarinebiologistaskingforadviceoncoralresearch.Writeanopeningparagraph(60words).参考答案：DearDr.Smith,Iamahighschoolstudentpassionateaboutcoralreefs.Yourresearchonclimatechangeimpactsfascinatesme.Iamwritingtoaskforadviceonhowtostartmyownsmall-scaleexperimentoncoralresilience.Yourexpertisewouldbeinvaluable.Thankyouforyourtime.解析：答案需符合学术信函格式，解析需检查礼貌性与目的性。6.ImagineyouareinterviewingadiverabouttheirexperienceintheGreatBarrierReef.Writetwoquestions(30wordseach)toelicitdetailedanswers.参考答案：1.Whatwasthemostsurprisingmarinecreatureyouencounteredduringyourdive?7.Howdoyouthinktourismaffectsthehealthofthereefbasedonyourobservations?解析：答案需设计开放式问题，解析需检查信息挖掘能力。8.Theunitmentionsthat"coralreefsarefacingthreatsfrompollution,overfishing,andclimatechange."Writeashortparagraph(40words)suggestingonesolutiontoeachthreat.参考答案：Tocombatpollution,enforcestricterwasteregulations.Foroverfishing,limitcatchquotas.Toaddressclimatechange,reducecarbonemissions.Theseactionscanprotectreefsforfuturegenerations.解析：答案需提出具体解决方案，解析需检查可行性。9.Readthefollowingsentence:"Thezooxanthellaeprovideenergytothecoralpolyps."Rewriteitusingthepassivevoice.参考答案：Energyisprovidedtothecoralpolypsbythezooxanthellae.解析：答案需正确使用被动语态，解析需检查语法结构及语义保持。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.D9.D10.C二、填空题1.coralbleaching2.action3.raise4.energy5.livingorganisms2.formal7.marine8.foodweb9.coralreefs10.agent三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.×5.√6.×7.×8.√9.×10.√四、简答题1.参考答案：Coralpolypsandzooxanthellaehaveamutualisticrelationship:coralpolypsprovideshelterandnutrientsforzooxanthellae,whilezooxanthellaeperformphotosynthesistoproduceoxygenandorganiccompoundsthatfeedthecoralpolyps.Thispartnershiphelpscoralreefsthriveinnutrient-poormarineenvironments.解析：正确答案需包含双方互惠机制，如“提供栖息地”“光合作用”等，解析需解释共生关系的生物学意义。2.参考答案：Theunitmentionsthreetypesofcoralreefs:fringingreefs,barrierreefs,andatolls.Fringingreefsgrowalongcoastlines,barrierreefsareseparatedfromshorelinesbylagoons,andatollsarering-shapedreefsformedaroundsubmergedvolcanicislands.解析：答案需列举三种类型并简述特征，解析需解释地理学分类标准。3.参考答案：Coralbleachingisaseriousthreatbecauseitweakenscoralstructures,reducesbiodiversity,anddisruptsfoodwebs.Ifcoralsdie,entireecosystemscollapse,affectingfishpopulations,tourism,andcoastalprotection.解析：答案需从生态、经济、社会角度分析危害，解析需解释连锁反应机制。4.参考答案：Tourismcanimpactcoralreefsthroughphysicaldamage(divinggear,anchors),pollution(waste,sunscreen),andoverfishing(depletingfoodsources).Thesestressorsincreasetheriskofcoralbleachingandhabitatdegradation.解析：答案需列举具体影响方式，解析需解释人类活动与生态压力的关系。5.参考答案：Thepassivevoiceisformedwith"be+pastparticiple"(e.g.,"Theexperimentwasconducted").Itshouldbeusedwhentheactorisunknown,irrelevant,orobvious,ortoemphasizetheactionratherthanthesubject(e.g.,"Coralbleachingiscausedbyrisingtemperatures").解析：答案需解释语法结构及适用场景，解析需说明学术写作的语体特点。6.参考答案：Coralreefsarebuiltbycalciumcarbonateskeletonsofcoralpolypsandaretypicallyfoundintropicalwaters.Kelpforestsaredominatedbylargebrownalgaeandthriveincold,nutrient-richwaters.解析：答案需从构成、分布、生态特征区分两种生态系统，解析需解释生物地理学差异。7.参考答案：Threeconservationstrategiesinclude:reducinggreenhousegasemissionstoslowwarming,enforcingmarineprotectedareastolimithumanactivities,andrestoringdamagedreefsthroughcoralgardening.解析：答案需列举具体措施，解析需解释政策与技术的可行性。8.参考答案：Thevocabularysectionintroducestermslike"biodiversity,""symbiosis,"and"bleaching,"whichareessentialforunderstandingscientifictexts.Bylearningt