【新教材】外研版（2024）九年级上册英语Unit 5 A fine balance 核心素养培优测试卷（含答案解析）

【新教材】外研版（2024）九年级上册英语Unit5Afinebalance核心素养培优测试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Theoceancoversmostofourplanet,butitisin1.Humanactivitieshavecausedgreatdamagetomarineecosystems.Plasticpollution,overfishing,andclimatechangeareall2thehealthoftheocean.Plasticwasteisoneofthe3problems.Everyyear,millionsoftonsofplastic4theocean.Thisplastic5marineanimalsthatmistakeitforfood.Someanimalsgetcaughtinplasticwasteand6.Overfishingis7seriousproblem.Fishingboatsarecatchingfish8quicklythatmanyspeciescannotrecover.Thisisdestroyingthebalanceofmarineecosystems.Withoutaction,the9oftheoceanwillcontinuetodecline.Climatechangeisalso10theocean.Risingtemperaturescausecoralreefsto11.Manymarineanimals12dependoncoralreefsforshelterarelosingtheirhomes.Thereisstillhope,13.Ifwetakeactionnow,wecanprotecttheocean.Wecanreduceouruseofplastics,supportsustainablefishing,and14ourcarbonfootprint.Thefutureoftheocean15onus.1．A．balance B．danger C．order D．control2．A．improving B．damaging C．protecting D．creating3．A．smallest B．biggest C．newest D．oldest4．A．appears B．disappears C．enters D．leaves5．A．helps B．feeds C．saves D．harms6．A．live B．die C．grow D．fly7．A．other B．others C．another D．theother8．A．so B．such C．too D．very9．A．beauty B．size C．health D．depth10．A．affecting B．improving C．ignoring D．helping11．A．grow B．recover C．die D．appear12．A．which B．who C．whom D．whose13．A．but B．because C．however D．unless14．A．increase B．reduce C．forget D．double15．A．depends B．decides C．counts D．calls二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。AEco-Travel:TravelGreen,TravelSmartAreyouplanningyournextholiday?Whynottryeco-travel?Eco-travelisawayoftravellingthathelpsprotecttheenvironmentandrespectslocalcultures.Herearesometipsforbeingagreentraveller:Choosegreentransport.Takeatrainorabusinsteadofflying.Ifyoumustfly,chooseadirectflighttoreducecarbonemissions.Onceyouarrive,walk,cycleorusepublictransportasmuchaspossible.Stayineco-friendlyhotels.Lookforhotelsthathavegreencertifications.Thesehotelssavewaterandenergy,reducewaste,andsupportlocalcommunities.Respectnatureandwildlife.Don’tpickflowersorfeedwildanimals.Stayonmarkedpathswhenhiking.Remember:takeonlyphotos,leaveonlyfootprints.Supportlocaleconomies.Buylocalproductsandeatatlocalrestaurants.Thishelpsthelocalpeopleandreducesthecarbonfootprintoftransportinggoodsfromfaraway.Reduce,reuse,recycle.Bringyourownreusablebag,waterbottleandcutlery.Avoidsingle-useplasticslikestrawsandplasticbags.Formoreinformationoneco-travel,visitourwebsiteat.Let’smakeourplanetabetterplace,onetripatatime!16．Whatisthemainpurposeofeco-travelaccordingtothetext?A．Tosavemoneyontravelling.B．Tohelpprotecttheenvironmentandrespectlocalcultures.C．Tovisitasmanyplacesaspossible.D．Toencouragepeopletoflymoreoften.17．Whatdoesthewritersuggestdoingwhenyouarriveatyourdestination?A．Takeataxieverywhere.B．Walk,cycleorusepublictransport.C．Rentacaranddrivealone.D．Stayinthehotelallday.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“greencertifications”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Certificatesthathotelsareenvironmentallyfriendly.B．Certificatesthathotelsareveryexpensive.C．Certificatesthathotelsprovidegoodfood.D．Certificatesthathotelshavebeautifulviews.19．WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasatipforeco-travel?A．Bringingyourownreusablewaterbottle.B．Buyinglocalproducts.C．Pickingflowersassouvenirs.D．Stayingonmarkedpathswhenhiking.20．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencetextbook. B．Atravelmagazine. C．Ahistorybook. D．Astorybook.BThe“30by30”planisaglobalgoaltoprotect30%oftheearth’slandandoceansbytheyear2030.ItwasagreeduponattheUnitedNationsBiodiversityConferencein2022.Theplanaimstostopthelossofbiodiversityandfightclimatechange.Currently,about17%oflandand8%ofoceansareprotected.Butscientistssaythisisnotenough.Manyspeciesaredyingoutataratefasterthanatanytimeinhumanhistory.Habitatsarebeingdestroyedbydeforestation,pollution,andurbanisation.The“30by30”planwouldcreatemorenationalparks,wildlifereserves,andmarineprotectedareas.Supportersoftheplansayitisnecessarytosavelifeonearth.Theypointoutthatprotectedareasnotonlyhelpwildlifebutalsoprovidecleanairandwaterforhumans.Theyalsostorecarbon,whichhelpsfightglobalwarming.However,somepeopleareconcernedabouttheplan.Insomecountries,localcommunitiesandindigenouspeopleshavebeenforcedtoleavetheirhomestomakewayforprotectedareas.Criticssaytheplanshouldrespecttherightsofthesecommunitiesandincludethemindecision-making.Thesuccessof“30by30”willdependoninternationalcooperation.Countriesneedtoshareresourcesandknowledge.Theyalsoneedtomakesurethatprotectedareasarenotjustlinesonamapbutarewell-managedandtrulysafefornature.21．Whatisthe“30by30”plan?A．Toplant30treesby2030.B．Toprotect30%oftheearth’slandandoceansby2030.C．Toreducecarbonemissionsby30%by2030.D．Tobuild30newnationalparksby2030.22．Whatpercentageoftheearth’soceansiscurrentlyprotected?A．8%. B．17%. C．30%. D．50%.23．Whydosupporterssaythe“30by30”planisnecessary?A．Itwillcreatemorejobsforpeople.B．Itwillhelpwildlifeandprovidecleanairandwater.C．Itwillmakeallcountriesricher.D．Itwillstopallpollutionimmediately.24．Whatisonecriticismoftheplanmentionedinthetext?A．Itistooexpensivetocarryout.B．Itmightforcelocalcommunitiestoleavetheirhomes.C．Itwillnothelpfightclimatechange.D．Itisimpossibletoachieve.25．Whatisneededforthesuccessoftheplanaccordingtothetext?A．Moremoneyfromrichcountriesonly.B．Internationalcooperationandwell-managedprotectedareas.C．Buildingwallsaroundprotectedareas.D．Stoppingallhumanactivitieseverywhere.CImaginewakinguptothesoundofbirdssinginginaforest,butinsteadofrealbirds,thesoundcomesfromaspeakerhiddeninatree.ThisistherealityinsomeparksintheNetherlands,whereartificialbirdsongsarebeingplayedtomakeupforthelossofrealbirdsduetopollutionandhabitatloss.Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheeffectsofnaturesoundsonhumanhealthforyears.Theyfoundthatlisteningtobirdsong,flowingwater,andwindinthetreescanlowerstress,reducebloodpressure,andimprovemood.Butasnaturalenvironmentsaredestroyed,thesehealingsoundsaredisappearing.Inresponse,someartistsandscientistshaveteameduptocreate“soundrestorations”.Theyrecordnaturalsoundsinhealthyecosystemsandplaythemindegradedareas.OneprojectinAmsterdamplayedrecordingsofinsectsandbirdsinaparkwheremanyspecieshadvanished.Visitorsreportedfeelingcalmerandmoreconnectedtonature,eventhoughthesoundswerenotreal.However,someecologistsworrythatartificialsoundsmightgivepeopleafalsesenseofsecurity.Ifpeoplethinknatureisfinebecausetheyhearbirdssinging,theymightnotrealisetheurgentneedtoprotectrealecosystems.“Soundrestorationscanbeausefultoolforeducationandtherapy,”saysDr.MariaVisser,anecologistatUtrechtUniversity,“buttheyshouldneverreplacerealconservationefforts.”Thedebatecontinues,butonethingisclear:humansneednature,notjustforsurvival,butforpeaceofmind.Whetherrealorartificial,thesoundsofnatureremindusofwhatwestandtolose—andwhatwemustfighttoprotect.26．WhyareartificialbirdsongsplayedinsomeparksintheNetherlands?A．Toattractmoretouriststotheparks.B．Tomakeupforthelossofrealbirds.C．Toteachbirdshowtosing.D．Totestnewspeakertechnology.27．Whatdidscientistsfindaboutnaturesounds?A．Theycanhelppeoplesleepbetter.B．Theycanlowerstressandimprovemood.C．Theycanmakepeoplesmarter.D．Theycanreplacemedicine.28．Whatisthepurposeof“soundrestorations”mentionedinthetext?A．Tocreatenewmusicforconcerts.B．Toplayrecordednaturalsoundsindegradedareas.C．Torecordthesoundsofextinctanimals.D．Toteachpeoplehowtosinglikebirds.29．WhatisDr.MariaVisser’sopinionaboutartificialsounds?A．Theyshouldreplacerealconservationefforts.B．Theyareuselessandshouldbestopped.C．Theycanbeusefulbutshouldnotreplacerealconservation.D．Theyarebetterthanrealnaturesounds.30．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Artificialbirdsongsarebetterthanrealones.B．Naturesoundsaredisappearingandartificialonesarebeingusedasasubstitute.C．ParksintheNetherlandsarethebestintheworld.D．Ecologistsdisagreewithartistsoneverything.第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，从文后所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有两项多余）Ourhometownisaquietsmalltown.Ithaschangedalotoverthepasttenyears.31Manyyearsago,lifeherewasreallydifficult.Therewerenotallbuildings,justoldlowhouses.Theroadswerenarrowandfullofdirt.32Peopleusuallywalkedorrodeoldbikeswhentheyneededtogoout.Whatwasworse,wehadterribleenvironmentalproblems.Strongsandstormshitourtowneveryspring.Largeareasoffarmlandturnedintosandyfieldsandthesoilwasbadlydestroyed.33Later,thelocalgovernmentpaidmuchattentiontoourproblems.34Theycalledonvillagerstoplantplentyoftreesandbushesonhills.Wealsousednewtechnologytoprotectourland.Everyonetriedtheirbesttomakeourhometownbetter.Nowgreatchangeshavetakenplace.Wideroadsandnewbuildingscanbeseeneverywhere.Itonlytakesashorttimetoreachanyplaceinthetown.35Sandstormsaregonecompletely.Thefarmlandisgoodforfarmingagain.Allthepeopleliveahappyandcomfortablelife.Weloveourbeautifulhometownsomuch.A．Lifeusedtobefulloftrouble.B．Itusedtotakepeoplelotsoftimetotraveloutside.C．Weallfeltupsetaboutthebadlivingenvironment.D．Itlooksquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.E．Theytookmanypracticalmeasurestoimprovetheenvironment.F．Peopleusedtosellfarmproductsinbigcities.G．Theenvironmentbecomesfreshandpleasantnow.词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）36．Therapid________(develop)ofhumansocietyhasmadeuscarelessfornature.37．The________(pollute)oftheriverisaseriousproblem.38．Morethan60________(protect)areashavebeensetup.39．Theworldischanging________(rapid).40．Weshouldmakegooduseof________(nature)materials.41．Weallhavea________(责任)toprotecttheEarthforfuturegenerations.42．Everysmallaction,likesavingadropofwater,canmakeabig________(不同)totheenvironment.43．Weshouldstopcuttingdowntreesandprotectthenatural________(栖息地)ofwildanimals.44．Thereisasmalll________(标识)onthetreeshowingthenameoftheplant.45．Weshouldallworktogethertoimproveour________(社会).完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）46．如果不砍伐树木，森林会迅速恢复。Ifwedon’t________________thetrees,theforestwillrecoverquickly.47．政府每年都为这个村子里的贫困儿童提供免费书籍。

Thegovernment________thepoorchildreninthisvillage________freebookseveryyear.48．我们呼吁每个人都节约用水，保护水资源。

We__________________everyone________savewaterandprotectwaterresources.49．在我看来，每个人都应该为保护环境尽一份力。

________________________,everyoneshoulddotheirparttoprotecttheenvironment.50．团队合作在我们的学习过程中起着重要的作用。

Teamwork________________________________inourlearningprocess.五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）从方框中选择适当的单词填入空白处，每词限用一次。ecosystem;wetlands;grasslands;rainforests;deserts;rivers;balance;influence;protect;speciesOurplanetismadeupofmanydifferentecosystems.51areareaswherethegroundiscoveredwithwaterforpartoftheyear.52arelargeareasoflandcoveredwithgrass,wheremanyanimalslive.53arehometocountless54ofplantsandanimals.55aredryplaceswithverylittlerain.56flowthroughthelandandprovidewaterforlife.Alltheseecosystemsareconnected.Theyworktogethertomaintainthe57ofnature.Humanactivitiescan58ecosystemsinbothpositiveandnegativeways.Itisourresponsibilityto59thesenaturalenvironments.Bydoingso,weensurethatthe60cancontinuetosupportlifeforfuturegenerations.六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。Natureprovidesuswitheverythingweneed,butweoftenforgettoprotectit.Tokeepafinebalance61humansandnature,wemusttakeactionnow.First,weshouldreducewaste.Wecanreuseplasticbagsandbottlesinstead62throwingthemaway.Second,weneedtoplantmoretrees.Treeshelpcleantheair63providehomesforanimals.Third,weshouldavoid64(use)chemicalsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.Manypeople65(start)tomakechanges.Forexample,somecitieshavestoppedusingplasticstraws.Othershavesetuprecyclingcenters.Thesesmallchanges66(make)abigdifferenceovertime.Wemustrememberthatnatureisourfriend,notourenemy.Ifwetakegoodcare67it,itwillprovideuswithresourcesforyearstocome.Let’sworktogether68(keep)thebalanceofnature.Everyonecanplay69partinprotectingtheenvironment.It’snevertoolate70start.七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）第一节任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）Haveyoueverheardofthe“ButterflyEffect”?Itmeansthatasmallchangeinoneplacecanleadtobigdifferencessomewhereelse.Innature,thisideaisverytrue.Everythingisconnected.Forexample,beesaresmallinsects,buttheyplayahugeroleinourworld.Whenbeesflyfromflowertoflower,theycarrypollenandhelpplantsmakefruitsandseeds.Aboutone-thirdofthefoodweeatdependsonbeesandotherpollinators.Withoutthem,manycropswouldfail,andwewouldhavelessfood.However,beesareindanger.Theuseofpesticides,lossofhabitats,andclimatechangearekillingthem.Ifbeesdisappear,itwillnotjustaffectflowers—itwillaffectthewholefoodchain.Birdsthateatinsectslivingonthoseplantswillhavelessfood.Farmerswilllosemoney.Peoplemayfacefoodshortages.Thegoodnewsisthateveryonecanhelpsavebees.Plantingflowersinyourgarden,reducingtheuseofchemicals,andbuyinglocalhoneyaresimplewaystomakeadifference.Evensmallactionscount.AstheButterflyEffecttellsus,asmallsteptodaycanleadtoabetterworldtomorrow.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。71．Whatdoesthe“ButterflyEffect”meaninthispassage?72．Howdobeeshelpplantswhentheyflyfromflowertoflower?73．Whyarebeesindangeraccordingtothepassage?(Listatleasttworeasons.)74．Whatwillhappenifbeesdisappear?(Listoneexample.)75．Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassage?第二节书面表达（共1题，满分15分）76．假如你是李华，你们学校正在开展“共建绿色校园”活动。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封倡议书，呼吁同学们从身边小事做起，保护校园环境。要点如下：1.节约水电：随手关灯、关水龙头；2.减少垃圾：不乱扔垃圾，做好垃圾分类；3.绿色出行：尽量步行或骑自行车上学；4.你的建议(至少补充一条)。要求：1.词数：80~100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯，不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息。Dearfellowstudents,Ourschooliscarryingoutanactivitycalled“BuildingaGreenCampus”.Asstudents,wehavetheresponsibilitytoprotectourschoolenvironment.Herearesomesuggestionsforustofollow.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Let’stakeactionnowandmakeourcampusabetterplacetostudyandlivein!第第页参考答案及试题解析1．B2．B3．B4．C5．D6．B7．C8．A9．C10．A11．C12．A13．C14．B15．A【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋面临的危险，包括塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋未来。【解析】1．句意：海洋覆盖了地球的大部分，但它处于危险中。根据“Humanactivitieshavecausedgreatdamage”可知此处表示海洋处境危险，使用搭配beindanger，意为“处于危险中”。balance“平衡”、order“秩序”、control“控制”语境不符。2．句意：塑料污染、过度捕捞和气候变化都在损害海洋健康。根据前文“causedgreatdamage”可知，这些活动对海洋健康是有害的，damaging符合语境。improving“改善”、protecting“保护”、creating“创造”语义不符。3．句意：塑料废物是最大的问题之一。根据后文“millionsoftons”可知问题很严重，biggest符合逻辑。smallest“最小的”、newest“最新的”、oldest“最旧的”语义不符。4．句意：每年数百万吨塑料进入海洋。根据常识可知塑料垃圾是从陆地流入海洋，enters符合语义。appears“出现”、disappears“消失”、leaves“离开”语义或搭配不符。5．句意：这种塑料伤害海洋动物，它们误以为是食物。根据“mistakeitforfood”可知动物误食塑料会导致生病或死亡，harms符合语义。helps“帮助”、feeds“喂养”、saves“拯救”语义矛盾。6．句意：一些动物被塑料废物困住并死亡。根据“getcaughtinplasticwaste”可知海洋动物被困住且无法脱身，后果通常是死亡，die符合语境。live“生存”、grow“生长”、fly“飞”语境不符。7．句意：过度捕捞是另一个严重问题。“problem”是单数，根据后文的“also”可知此处表示三者及以上中的另一个，用another。other“其他”后接复数；others“其他人/物”为代词，不可修饰名词；theother“两者中的另一个”语法错误。8．句意：渔船捕鱼如此快以至于许多物种无法恢复。此处使用句型so…that…，译为“如此……以至于……”，so修饰副词“quickly”。such“如此”后接名词，too“太”、very“非常”搭配错误。9．句意：如果不采取行动，海洋的健康状况将继续下降。前文提到“healthoftheocean”，可知此处指生态健康状况下降，对应health。beauty“美丽”、size“大小”、depth“深度”语义不符。10．句意：气候变化也在影响海洋。根据“Climatechange”及常识可知气候变化会对海洋产生负面影响，affecting符合。improving“改善”、ignoring“忽视”、helping“帮助”语境不符。11．句意：气温上升导致珊瑚礁死亡。根据常识及“Risingtemperaturescausecoralreefs”可知气候变暖导致珊瑚白化死亡，对应die。grow“生长”、recover“恢复”、appear“出现”语义不符。12．句意：许多依赖珊瑚礁栖息的海洋动物正在失去家园。根据“Manymarineanimals…dependoncoralreefsforshelter”可知此处缺少定语从句的引导词，先行词是“animals”，表示事物，且从句缺主语，用which引导。who“谁”指人，whom“谁”作宾语，whose“谁的”语义不符。13．句意：然而，仍有希望。根据前文列举了三种问题及“stillhope”可知此处表示转折，空后有逗号隔开，however可作副词表示“然而”。but“但是”后无需逗号，because“因为”、unless“除非”逻辑不符。14．句意：我们可以减少塑料的使用、支持可持续捕捞，并且减少自己的碳足迹。根据“reduceouruseofplastics,supportsustainablefishing”可知此处表示保护海洋需要环保行动，reducecarbonfootprint是固定搭配，意为“减少碳足迹”。increase“增加”、forget“忘记”、double“加倍”语义不符。15．句意：海洋的未来取决于我们。此处使用搭配dependon，意为“取决于，依赖”，符合语境。decides“决定”、counts“计数”、calls“呼叫”语义不符。16．B17．B18．A19．C20．B【导语】本文介绍生态旅行，给出绿色出行的实用建议，倡导旅行中保护环境。【解析】16．根据第一段“Eco-travelisawayoftravellingthathelpsprotecttheenvironmentandrespectslocalcultures.”可知，生态旅行是一种有助于保护环境、尊重当地文化的旅行方式。17．根据“Choosegreentransport”部分“Onceyouarrive,walk,cycleorusepublictransportasmuchaspossible.”可知，到达目的地后，尽量步行、骑行或者乘坐公共交通。18．根据后文“Thesehotelssavewaterandenergy...”可知，这类酒店节水节能、减少废弃物，可推断greencertifications指环保认证。19．根据“Respectnatureandwildlife”部分“Don’tpickflowers...”可知，摘花是不被允许的，也不是文中建议的行为。20．文章主题是旅行、生态出游，文末附带旅行网站，最可能出自“旅行杂志”。21．B22．A23．B24．B25．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍“30by30”保护计划的目标、现状、支持者观点、受到的批评以及该计划取得成功所需要的条件。【解析】21．根据第一段“The‘30by30’planisaglobalgoaltoprotect30%oftheearth’slandandoceansbytheyear2030.”可知“30by30”计划是一项全球性目标：到2030年保护地球30%的陆地与海洋。22．根据第二段“about17%oflandand8%ofoceansareprotected”可知，海洋目前保护比例为8%。23．根据第三段“Theypointoutthatprotectedareasnotonlyhelpwildlifebutalsoprovidecleanairandwaterforhumans.”可知保护区既保护野生动物，也给人类提供洁净空气与水源。24．根据第四段“localcommunitiesandindigenouspeopleshavebeenforcedtoleavetheirhomes”可知，批评者担心当地社区被迫离开家园。25．根据最后一段“Thesuccessof‘30by30’willdependoninternationalcooperation...well-managedandtrulysafefornature.”可知“30by30”能否成功取决于国际合作。各国需要共享资源与知识；同时要保证保护区不只是地图上的线条，而是得到良好管理、真正对自然安全。26．B27．B28．B29．C30．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自然环境被破坏后，原本存在的自然声音正在逐渐消失，人们因此用人工录制的自然声音作为替代，在退化的区域播放这类声音来起到舒缓、疗愈的作用；同时也有学者提出这类人工声音有一定价值，但不能替代真正的生态保护行动，最终核心是提醒人们要重视并保护真实的自然生态。【解析】26．根据第一段中“artificialbirdsongsarebeingplayedtomakeupforthelossofrealbirdsduetopollutionandhabitatloss”可知，荷兰一些公园播放人工鸟鸣是为了弥补因污染和栖息地丧失导致的真鸟缺失，选项B“为了弥补真实鸟类的损失”符合题意。

27．根据第二段中“Theyfoundthatlisteningtobirdsong,flowingwater,andwindinthetreescanlowerstress,reducebloodpressure,andimprovemood”可知，科学家发现自然声音能降低压力、改善情绪，选项B“它们可以减轻压力并改善情绪。”符合题意。28．根据第三段中“Inresponse,someartistsandscientistshaveteameduptocreate‘soundrestorations’.Theyrecordnaturalsoundsinhealthyecosystemsandplaythemindegradedareas”可知，“声音修复”的目的是在退化区域播放录制的自然声音，选项B“在退化区域播放录制的自然声音”符合题意。29．根据第四段中“‘Soundrestorationscanbeausefultoolforeducationandtherapy,’saysDr.MariaVisser,anecologistatUtrechtUniversity,‘buttheyshouldneverreplacerealconservationefforts.’”可知，MariaVisser博士认为人工声音有一定用处，但绝不能取代真正的保护工作，选项C“它们可能有用，但不应取代真正的保护工作。”符合题意。30．文章先介绍荷兰公园因真鸟缺失播放人工鸟鸣，接着阐述自然声音的作用、“声音修复”的做法，再提及生态学家的担忧，最后点明人类需要自然，人工声音是自然声音消失后的替代手段，选项B“自然声音正在消失，人工声音正被用作替代品。”符合文章核心内容。31．D32．B33．C34．E35．G【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡在过去十年间发生的巨大变化，包括过去生活的困难、环境的恶化，以及政府采取措施后带来的改善和如今的美好生活。【解析】31．前文总述小镇在过去十年间发生了巨大变化，此处需要对“变化大”做总括性衔接。D选项“Itlooksquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.”承接上文的“changedalot”，自然引出后文对小镇过去样貌的介绍，逻辑连贯。32．前文“…narrowandfullofdirt.”提到过去小镇道路狭窄、充满泥土，后文又介绍了人们过去外出只能步行或骑旧自行车，此处需要对应过去出行不便的特征。B选项“Itusedtotakepeoplelotsoftimetotraveloutside.”完美承接前文糟糕的路况，也和后文的出行方式描述形成呼应，符合语境。33．前文罗列了过去小镇的恶劣环境问题：春季频发沙尘暴、大片农田沙化、土壤遭到严重破坏，此处需要对过去糟糕的生存环境做收束。C选项“Weallfeltupsetaboutthebadlivingenvironment.”顺承前文描述的各类环境乱象，也为后文引出政府着手治理问题做了合理铺垫。34．前文提到后来当地政府高度重视这些民生与环境问题，后文具体列举了政府号召村民种树、用新技术保护土地等举措。E选项“Theytookmanypracticalmeasurestoimprovetheenvironment.”承上启下，既对应了上文政府重视问题的表述，又总领了后文的具体行动说明。35．前文提到如今小镇随处可见宽阔的马路和新建筑，镇内通行十分便捷，后文又指出沙尘暴彻底消失、耕地重新适宜耕种。G选项“Theenvironmentbecomesfreshandpleasantnow.”对应后文的生态改善结果，和交通层面的变化描述并列，共同展现小镇如今的全新面貌。36．development【解析】句意：人类社会的快速发展使得我们对大自然的关心变少了。空处在句中作主语，应填名词形式development“发展”。37．pollution【解析】句意：这条河流的污染是一个严重的问题。定冠词The后需要接名词作句子的主语，pollute是动词，意为“污染”，其名词形式为pollution，故填pollution。38．protected【解析】句意：60多个保护区已经被建立。此处修饰名词areas，protect为动词，其过去分词protected作前置定语，表被动含义，protectedareas意为“保护区”，故填protected。39．rapidly【解析】句意：世界正在迅速变化。句中“changing”为动词，空格处需用副词修饰动词；rapid为形容词，其副词形式为rapidly。故填rapidly。40．natural【解析】句意：我们应该好好利用天然材料。空格后是名词materials，需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词；nature的形容词形式是natural，意为“天然的”。41．responsibility/duty【解析】句意：我们都有责任为后代保护地球。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数；duty或responsibility是名词，意为“责任、义务”，haveaduty/responsibilitytodosth.表示“有责任做某事”。故填responsibility/duty。42．difference【解析】句意：每一个小小的行动，比如节约一滴水，都能对环境产生很大的影响。本题考查固定短语makeabigdifferenceto，意为“对……产生很大影响”，故填difference。43．habitats【解析】句意：我们应该停止砍伐树木，保护野生动物的自然栖息地。“栖息地”译为habitat，此处表示野生动物的栖息地，用复数形式habitats。44．label/able【解析】句意：树上有一个小标识，标注着这种植物的名称。label为名词，表示“标识、标签”；空前有asmall，使用名词单数形式。故填label。45．society【解析】句意：我们所有人应当齐心协力去改善我们的社会。形容词性物主代词our后面需要接名词，括号内中文提示“社会”对应名词society，符合语法和语境，故填society。46．cutdown【解析】原句中“砍伐”是关键词，中文“砍伐”对应的英文固定短语为cutdown，助动词don’t后必须接动词原形，因此两空分别填cut和down。47．provideswith【解析】原句中“提供”是关键词，providesb.withsth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配；主语Thegovernment是单数，everyyear提示用一般现在时，谓语动词要用三单形式provides。48．【小题1】call【小题2】on【小题3】to【解析】原句中“呼吁”是关键词，表示“呼吁某人做某事”的短语是“callonsb.todosth”。本句为一般现在时，主语“We”后接动词原形。故填call；on；to。49．Inmyopinion/view【解析】原句中“在我看来”是关键词，表示“在我看来”的短语是inmyopinion/view。本句为一般现在时，inmyopinion/view在句首作插入语，后接完整句子。故填In;my;opinion/view。50．playsanimportantrole【解析】原句中“起着重要的作用”是关键词。表示“在……中起作用”的固定搭配为playarolein…，此处表示“起重要作用”，可用形容词important修饰role，因important以元音音素开头，其前需加不定冠词an。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Teamwork为不可数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式plays。故填plays；an；important；role。51．Wetlands52．Grasslands53．Rainforests54．species55．Deserts56．Rivers57．balance58．influence59．protect60．ecosystem【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍地球上各类生态系统，阐述不同自然环境的特点，说明生态系统之间相互联系，呼吁人类保护自然环境。【解析】51．句意：湿地是一年中部分时段地面被水覆盖的区域。根据下文“thegroundiscoveredwithwater”可知，此处描述湿地，备选词wetlands符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。52．句意：草原是大片被草覆盖的土地，许多动物在此生活。根据下文“largeareasoflandcoveredwithgrass”可知，此处描述草原，备选词grasslands符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。53．句意：热带雨林是无数动植物的家园。根据下文“arehometocountless…ofplantsandanimals”可知，此处描述物种丰富的热带雨林，备选词rainforests符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。54．句意：热带雨林是无数动植物物种的家园。根据上下文语境，此处表达动植物的物种，备选词species符合语境，countless后接复数名词species。55．句意：沙漠是雨水极少的干旱地带。根据下文“dryplaceswithverylittlerain”可知，此处描述沙漠，备选词deserts符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。56．句意：河流流经陆地，为生命提供水源。根据下文“flowthroughthelandandprovidewaterforlife”可知，此处描述河流，备选词rivers符合语境，位于句首，首字母需要大写。57．句意：它们协同作用，维持自然界的平衡。根据固定搭配maintainthebalanceofnature“维持自然平衡”可知，备选词balance符合语境。58．句意：人类活动会以积极和消极两种方式影响生态系统。情态动词“can”后面需要接动词原形，根据下文“inbothpositiveandnegativeways”可知，人类活动会“影响”生态系统，备选词influence符合语境。59．句意：保护这些自然环境是我们的责任。固定句型“Itisone’sresponsibilitytodosth.”意为“做某事是某人的责任”，to后面接动词原形；结合下文“thesenaturalenvironments”，此处是指保护自然环境，备选词protect符合语境。60．句意：通过这样做，我们确保生态系统能够继续为后代的生命提供支撑。根据上下文，此处将地球上各类自然环境视作一个统一完整的生态整体，theecosystem可以表示生态系统这一整体概念，备选词ecosystem符合语境。61．between62．of63．and64．using65．havestarted66．willmake67．of68．tokeep69．a70．to【导语】本文主要讲述了我们必须立刻采取行动来维持生态的平衡。【解析】61．句意：为维持人与自然之间良好的平衡，我们现在必须行动起来。空前“keepabalance”和空后“humansandnature”可知，这里应该表示“人与自然之间的平衡”。between…and…意为“在……和……之间”。62．句意：我们可以重复利用塑料袋和瓶子，而不是直接扔掉。空前“reuseplasticbagsandbottles”和空后“throwingthemaway”语义相反。insteadofdoingsth.意为“代替、而不是做某事”，符合语境。63．句意：树木净化空气，并且为动物提供栖息地。空前“Treeshelpcleantheair”和空后“providehomesforanimals”都是树木的好处，是并列关系，表示并列用“and”。64．句意：我们应当避免使用对环境有害的化学物质。空前“avoid”意为“避免”，avoiddoingsth.意为“避免做某事”，use应变为using。65．句意：很多人已经开始做出改变。空后“somecitieshavestoppedusingplasticstraws.Othershavesetuprecyclingcenters.”可知，很多人已经开始行动了，这里用现在完成时，因此用havestarted表示“已经开始”。66．句意：久而久之，这些微小改变将会产生巨大不同。空前“Thesesmallchanges”为主语，空后“abigdifference”为宾语。时间状语“overtime”，表示将来产生的结果，使用一般将来时（will+动词原形），因此这里用willmake表示“将产生巨大不同”。67．句意：如果我们好好爱护它，它将长久不断为我们供给资源。takegood