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-2026年河南(考研)英语考试真题及参考答案PartIMultipleChoice(50points)(1)Themanagersuggestedthatthemeeting______untilnextFriday.()AbeputoffBwasputoffCputoffDwouldbeputoff答案:A解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,order,demand,require,request,command等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需使用'(should)+动词原形'的虚拟语气结构,should可以省略。此处meeting与putoff之间是被动关系,故用被动语态(should)beputoff。句意:经理建议会议推迟到下周五。故选A。(2)Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrain______.()AleftBhasleftChadleftDwasleaving答案:C解析:考查时态。句意:当他到达车站时,火车已经开走了。“Bythetime+过去时间状语/从句”主句通常使用过去完成时,表示在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。因此选C。(3)Bythetimeyougetback,greatchanges______inthisarea.()AwilltakeplaceBwillhavetakenplaceCaregoingtotakeplaceDhavetakenplace答案:B解析:本题考查时态。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作或状态。句意为:“到你回来的时候,这个地区将已经发生了巨大的变化。”将来完成时的结构为willhave+过去分词。故选B。(4)Itisessentialthateverystudent______theexamrulesbeforeenteringthehall.()AknowsBknewCknowDwillknow答案:C解析:本题考查虚拟语气。在"Itisessential/necessary/important...that..."句型中,that引导的主语从句谓语动词需使用虚拟语气,即"(should)+动词原形",其中should可以省略。因此这里应填动词原形know。故选C。(5)HardlyhadIenteredtheroom______thephonerang.()AthanBwhenCasDwhile答案:B解析:本题考查倒装句与固定搭配。'Hardly...when...'是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”,表示一个动作刚发生,另一个动作紧接着发生。当Hardly位于句首时,主句需要使用部分倒装(hadIentered)。与之容易混淆的是'Nosooner...than...'。句意:我刚进房间,电话就响了。故选B。(6)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是"thesouthfootofthemountain"(山的南麓)。山脚与动词see(看)之间是被动关系,即“被看到”,因此应使用过去分词Seen作状表被动。如果是Seeing,则逻辑主语必须是人。故选B。(7)BythetimeyougettoBeijing,I______forEurope.()AamleavingBwillleaveCshallhaveleftDhadleft答案:C解析:本题考查将来完成时。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句中,如果从句使用一般现在时(get)表示将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(will/shallhavedone),表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。句意为“当你到达北京时,我已经动身去欧洲了”。(8)Itishightimethatwe______measurestoprotecttheenvironment.()AtakeBtookCwilltakeDhavetaken答案:B解析:本题考查虚拟语气。在"Itis(high/about)timethat..."句型中,that从句中的谓语动词通常使用过去式(表示对现在的虚拟)或"should+动词原形"(should不可省略)。选项中只有took符合过去式的用法。故选B。(9)Itisnouse______withhimaboutthismatter;heistoostubborn.()AtoargueBarguingCarguedDargue答案:B解析:本题考查固定句型。"Itisnousedoingsomething"是固定搭配,意为“做某事是没有用的”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。类似的表达还有"Itisnogooddoing..."。故选B。(10)Idon'tthinkhewillcometotheparty,______?()AdoIBdon'tICwillheDwon'the答案:C解析:本题考查反意疑问句。当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine等,且主语为第一人称I或We时,反意疑问部分应与宾语从句保持一致。此外,主句是否定转移结构(Idon'tthink...实际上否定的是后面的从句),因此从句视为肯定含义,反意疑问部分应用否定形式。但注意:这里Idon'tthinkhewillcome相当于认为他不会来,反问时针对的是“他会来吗?”,由于前否后肯原则的变体,通常直接对从句进行反问,且因主句否定意义已涵盖,从句视作肯定陈述处理其疑问尾句的极性较复杂,标准规则是:否定在主句,疑问看从句;若主句是第一人称+think/believe等,疑问部分与从句一致,且要注意否定转移。Idon'tthinkhewillcome->我认为他不来。反问:难道他会来吗?->willhe?(因为前面已经表达了否定的看法,后面用肯定形式询问确认)。更简单的记忆法:Idon'tthink+从句,反意疑问句针对从句,且从句看作肯定(因为否定在前),所以用willhe。(11)______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.()ASeeingBSeenCToseeDHavingseen答案:B解析:考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语是'thesouthfootofthemountain'(山的南麓)。逻辑上,山是被看的对象,而不是发出看这个动作的主体,因此see与主语之间是被动关系,应使用过去分词Seen表示被动和完成。如果是Seeing,则暗示山自己在看,逻辑不通。故选B。(12)Itwasnotuntilmidnight______theyreachedthecampsite.()AwhenBthatCwhileDas答案:B解析:本题考查强调句型。强调句的基本结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。本句中被强调的部分是时间状语notuntilmidnight,因此连接词应使用that。注意区分Itwas...when...(当时是……)和Itwas...that...(正是……才……)的结构差异。还原原句为:Theydidnotreachthecampsiteuntilmidnight.(13)Thenewpolicywillcomeinto____nextmonth.()AeffectBaffectCeffortDaffair答案:A解析:本题考查固定搭配。comeintoeffect是固定短语,意为"生效"。affect是动词"影响";effort努力;affair事务。(14)Wouldyoumind____thewindow?It'sabitcoldhere.()AcloseBclosingCtocloseDclosed答案:B解析:考查固定搭配。minddoingsth.是固定用法,意为“介意做某事”。因此close需变为closing。注意句意是请求对方关窗,虽然语境有点反直觉(冷还要关窗?通常是开窗或关窗看语境,这里假设是关窗保暖,或者题目意图是考mind的用法,无论动作是什么,结构必须是doing)。修正:如果是冷,应该是关窗。Wouldyoumindclosing...?没问题。(15)Thebook,______coverisblue,belongstomybrother.()AwhichBthatCwhoseDofwhich答案:C解析:本题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。句意:那本封面是蓝色的书是我哥哥的。1.句子结构分析:这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是"Thebook"。从句部分是"______coverisblue"。我们需要一个关系代词来连接主句和从句,并在从句中作定语,修饰"cover"。2.逻辑关系:"cover"(封面)与"Thebook"(书)之间存在所属关系,即“书的封面”。在定语从句中,表示“……的”这一所属关系时,应使用关系代词whose。3.选项分析:-A项"which"在从句中通常作主语或宾语,不能直接修饰名词表示所属关系。若用which,需改为"thecoverofwhich"或"ofwhichthecover"。-B项"that"不能用于非限制性定语从句(即逗号后的定语从句)。-C项"whose"既可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,表示所属关系,符合题意。-D项"ofwhich"若选此项,语序应为"thecoverofwhich"或"ofwhichthecover",单独使用"ofwhichcover"是错误的语法结构。故为C。(16)Hardly______whenitbegantorainheavily.()AhadhearrivedBhehadarrivedCdidhearriveDhearrived答案:A解析:本题考查倒装句和固定搭配。"Hardly...when..."是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”,表示前一个动作刚发生,后一个动作紧接着发生。当Hardly位于句首时,主句需要使用部分倒装,且时态通常为过去完成时,when引导的从句使用一般过去时。因此主句应为"hadhearrived"。故选A。(17)Hardly______thehousewhenitbegantorainheavily.()AhadIenteredBIhadenteredCdidIenterDIentered答案:A解析:本题考查倒装句和过去完成时。句意:我刚一进屋,天就开始下大雨了。"Hardly...when..."是固定搭配,意为“一……就……”。当hardly位于句首时,句子需要使用部分倒装结构(即将助动词提到主语之前)。此外,hardly所在的动作发生在when引导的动作之前,属于“过去的过去”,因此使用过去完成时。综合来看,结构应为"Had+主语+过去分词"。故选A。(18)Notonly______interestedinfootball,butalsoheplaysitverywell.()AheisBisheChewasDwashe答案:B解析:本题考查倒装句。当"Notonly...butalso..."连接两个分句,且Notonly位于句首时,前一个分句需要使用部分倒装结构,即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。根据后半句"plays"(一般现在时)可知前半句也应用一般现在时,主语是he,故系动词用is,倒装后为ishe。(19)Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis______itisascience.()AanartmuchasBmuchanartasCasanartmuchasDasmuchanartas答案:D解析:本题考查同级比较结构。"as...as..."结构中,如果中间有名词,且该名词前有形容词修饰,语序为:as+adj.+a/an+n.+as。此处意为“教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术”,即"asmuchanartasitisascience"。故选D。(20)Thenewpolicyhasledtoasignificantincreaseinthenumberofstudents______highereducation.()ApursuingBseekingCchasingDfollowing答案:A解析:本题考查动词辨析及搭配。pursuehighereducation意为“追求高等教育/深造”,是固定且地道的搭配。seek通常接advice,help,job等;chase意为“追逐”,多用于具体物体或抽象目标如梦想,但不常与education搭配;follow意为“跟随”。根据语境,学生接受高等教育应用pursuing。故选A。(21)Iwouldratheryou______methetruthyesterday.()AtellBtoldChadtoldDwouldtell答案:C解析:本题考查虚拟语气。wouldrather后接从句时,如果表示对现在或将来的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时;如果表示对过去的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时。句中有时间状语yesterday,表明是对过去情况的假设,因此应使用过去完成时hadtold。(22)Themanager,aswellashiscolleagues,______attendingtheconferenceinShanghainextweek.()AisBareCwasDwere答案:A解析:本题考查主谓一致。当主语后跟有aswellas,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,except等短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由前面的主语决定。本题中主语是Themanager(单数),且时间状语为nextweek,故使用一般将来时或现在进行时表将来,这里用isattending表示按计划即将发生的动作。因此选A。(23)Itisessentialthateverystudent______preparedforthefinalexam.()AisBbeCwillbeDwas答案:B解析:本题考查虚拟语气。句意:每个学生都必须为期末考试做好准备,这是至关重要的。解析要点:1.在"Itis+adjective(essential,necessary,important,vital,etc.)+that..."句型中,that引导的主语从句需要使用虚拟语气。2.虚拟语气的构成是"(should)+动词原形",其中should可以省略。3.因此,这里应填(should)be,即be。4.A项is是陈述语气;C项willbe是将来时;D项was是过去时,均不符合该句型的虚拟语气要求。因此,为B。(24)Thebook____byMoYanisverypopularamongyoungreaders.()AwritingBwrittenCtowriteDwrote答案:B解析:本题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。book与write之间是被动关系(书是被写的),且动作已经完成,因此应用过去分词written作后置定语,相当于定语从句whichwaswrittenbyMoYan。(25)Itisessentialthateverystudent______thesafetyregulationsbeforeenteringthelaboratory.()AknowsBknewCknowDhasknown答案:C解析:本题考查虚拟语气。在Itisessential/important/necessary/vital+that从句结构中,从句谓语动词需用"(should)+动词原形"的虚拟语气形式,其中should可以省略。因此,空格处应填动词原形know。故选C。PartIIGap-filling(14points)(1)Bythetimeyouarriveatthestation,thetrain______(leave).答案:willhaveleft解析:考查将来完成时。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。结构为willhave+过去分词。故填willhaveleft。(2)Bythetimehearrives,we______(finish)ourwork.答案:willhavefinished解析:考查时态。Bythetime引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时(willhavedone),表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。故填willhavefinished。(3)Itisnouse______(argue)withhimaboutthismatter.答案:arguing解析:考查固定句型。Itisnousedoingsth.是固定搭配,意为“做某事是没有用的”。此处需使用动名词形式arguing。(4)Thenewbridge,______constructionwilltaketwoyears,isexpectedtoeasetrafficcongestioninthecitycenter.答案:whose解析:考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词是"Thenewbridge",从句中"construction"与先行词之间存在所属关系(即桥的建造),因此需要使用表示所属关系的關係代词"whose"来引导非限制性定语从句。(5)Ifhe______(take)myadviceyesterday,hewouldnotbeinsuchadifficultsituationnow.答案:hadtaken解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他昨天听了我的建议,他现在就不会处于如此困难的境地了。这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。从句表示与过去事实相反(yesterday),故使用过去完成时had+done;主句表示与现在事实相反(now),使用would/could/might+do。因此空格处应填hadtaken。(6)Itisnouse____overspiltmilk.答案:crying解析:本题考查固定句型。'Itisnousedoingsth.'是固定搭配,意为“做某事是没有用的”。句意为:为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的(覆水难收)。故填crying。(7)Toours______,thelittlegirlsurvivedtheterribleaccident.答案:surprise解析:考查名词及固定搭配。toone'ssurprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”。根据句意“令我们惊讶的是,小女孩在可怕的事故中幸存了下来”,此处应填名词surprise。(8)Inthemodernworkplace,teamworkishighlyvalued.Employerslookforcandidateswhocancollaboratewellwithothers.Agoodteammemberissomeonewholistenstoothers'ideasandsharestheirownthoughtsopenly.Communicationisthekeytosuccessfulteamwork.Withoutclearcommunication,misunderstandingscanoccur,leadingtoconflictsanddelays.Moreover,trustisanothervitalelement.Whenteammemberstrusteachother,theyaremorewillingtotakerisksandsupportoneanother.Ultimately,astrongteamcanachievegoalsthatwouldbeimpossibleforanindividualtoaccomplish8______.答案:alone解析:文章强调了职场中团队合作的重要性。第8空,句意为“一个强大的团队可以实现个人独自无法完成的目标”,impossibleforanindividualtoaccomplishalone符合逻辑对比关系。(9)Lastsummer,Idecidedtoclimbamountainwithmyfriends.Westartedearlyinthemorningbecausetheweatherforecastsaiditwouldbehotlaterintheday.Asweclimbedhigher,theairbecamethinneranditwashardertobreathe.Halfwayup,oneofmyfriendsfeltsickandwantedtogiveup.Weencouragedhimtokeepgoing,tellinghimthattheviewfromthetopwouldbeworththeeffort.Finally,afterthreehoursofclimbing,wereachedthesummit.Theviewwasamazing.Wecouldseethewholevalleybelowus.Itwasamomentofgreat2______.Wetookmanyphotosandthenbeganourdescent.答案:achievement解析:文章描述了克服困难登上山顶的过程,到达顶峰时大家感到一种巨大的成就感。achievement意为“成就、完成”,符合语境中付出努力后获得成功的心理感受。(10)Bythetimeyougettotheairport,theplane______(take)off.答案:willhavetaken解析:考查时态。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。结构为"willhave+过去分词"。故填willhavetaken。(11)Theharderyouwork,the____progressyouwillmake.答案:greater解析:本题考查比较级句型"The+比较级...,the+比较级...",意为“越……,就越……”。hard的比较级是harder,much/many/great的比较级是greater/more。此处修饰不可数名词progress,表示“更大的进步”,应用greater。(12)Bythetimeyougettothestation,thetrain______(leave).答案:willhaveleft解析:考查时态。"Bythetime"引导的时间状语从句若使用一般现在时表将来,主句通常使用将来完成时,表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。结构为"willhave+过去分词"。leave的过去分词为left,故填willhaveleft。(13)Itisessentialthateverystudent______(arrive)attheclassroomontime.答案:(should)arrive解析:考查虚拟语气。在Itisessential/necessary/importantthat...句型中,that引导的主语从句谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”,should可以省略。因此填(should)arrive或arrive。(14)Theteachersuggestedthateverystudent______(prepare)aspeechfortheupcomingcompetition.答案:(should)prepare解析:考查虚拟语气。在suggest,advise,order,demand等表示建议、命令、要求的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词需用“(should)+动词原形”的形式,其中should可以省略。PartIIICloze(30points)(1)Environmentalconservationisapressingissueintoday'sworld.Climatechange,pollution,andlossofbiodiversitythreatenthestabilityofecosystemsworldwide.Addressingthesechallengesrequirescollectiveactionfromgovernments,corporations,andindividuals.Governmentsplayacrucialrolebyimplementingpoliciesthatpromotesustainablepracticesandregulateemissions.Corporationsmustadopteco-friendlyproductionmethodsandreducewaste.Individualscancontributebymakingconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives,suchasreducingenergyconsumptionandrecycling.Oneeffectivestrategyistheadoptionofrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower.Thesealternativesproducelittletonogreenhousegasemissions,helpingtomitigateglobalwarming.Anotherimportantaspectistheprotectionofnaturalhabitats.Preservingforests,wetlands,andoceansensuresthatwildlifehassafeplacestothrive.Educationalsoplaysavitalroleinconservationefforts.Raisingawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesencouragespeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheiractions.Schoolsandcommunitiescanorganizeprogramstoteachsustainablelivinghabits.Smallchanges,whenmultipliedbymillionsofpeople,canhaveasignificant1______.Forinstance,usingreusablebagsinsteadofplasticonesreduceslandfillwaste.Similarly,choosingpublictransportationoverprivatecarslowerscarbonfootprints.Technologyalsooffersinnovativesolutionsforenvironmentalproblems.Advancesinagriculturecanleadtomoreefficientuseofwaterandlandresources.Smartgridscanoptimizeelectricitydistribution,reducingenergyloss.However,technologicalsolutionsalonearenotenough.Ashiftinsocietalvaluestowardssustainabilityisnecessary.Peopleneedtoprioritizelong-termecologicalhealthovershort-termeconomicgains.Thistransitionrequirescollaborationand2______amongallsectorsofsociety.Byworkingtogether,wecancreateacleaner,healthierplanetforfuturegenerations.Thetimetoactisnow,astheconsequencesofinactionbecomeincreasingly3______.Everyindividualhasthepowertomakeadifference.Throughinformeddecisionsandproactivebehavior,wecanprotectourenvironmentandensureits4______foryearstocome.Conservationisnotjustanoption;itisa5______forsurvival.答案:1.impact2.commitment3.severe4.viability5.necessity解析:本文讨论了环境保护的重要性及各方应采取的行动。1.微小的改变乘以数百万人会产生显著的“影响”(impact)。2.这种转变需要社会各界的合作和“承诺”(commitment)。3.不作为的后果变得越来越“严重”(severe)。4.我们可以保护环境并确保其未来的“生存能力/可持续性”(viability)。5.保护不仅仅是一个选项,而是生存的“必要”(necessity)。(2)Theimportanceofsleepcannotbeoverstated.Itisessentialforphysicalhealth,mentalwell-being,andcognitivefunction.Despitethis,manypeoplesufferfromsleepdeprivationduetobusyschedulesandstress.Lackofsleepcanleadtovarioushealthproblems,suchasheartdisease,obesity,anddepression.Therefore,itiscrucialtoestablisharegularsleep1______.Goingtobedandwakingupatthesametimeeverydayhelpsregulateyourbody'sinternalclock.Creatingarelaxingbedtimeroutine,suchasreadingortakingawarmbath,canalsoimprovesleep2______.Avoidusingelectronicdevicesbeforebed,asthebluelightemittedcan3______withtheproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatregulatessleep.Furthermore,maintainingacomfortablesleepenvironment,includingacooltemperatureandaquietroom,is4______forgoodrest.Prioritizingsleepisaninvestmentinyouroverallhealthand5______.答案:1.schedule2.quality3.interfere4.vital5.productivity解析:本文强调了睡眠的重要性及改善睡眠的建议。1.schedule:establisharegularsleepschedule意为“建立规律的睡眠时间表”,符合后文提到的每天同一时间睡觉起床。2.quality:放松的睡前习惯有助于提高睡眠“质量”。3.interfere:interferewith是固定搭配,意为“干扰/妨碍”。蓝光会干扰褪黑素的分泌。4.vital:舒适的睡眠环境对于良好的休息是“至关重要的”。5.productivity:优先保证睡眠是对整体健康和“生产力/工作效率”的投资。(3)Technologyhaschangedthewayweliveandwork.Inthepast,peoplehadtogotolibrariestofindinformation.Today,withtheinternet,wecanaccessavastamountofinformationatourfingertips.Thishasmaderesearchmucheasierandfaster.However,technologyalsobringssomechallenges.Onemajorconcernisprivacy.Withsomuchpersonaldatastoredonline,thereisariskthatitcouldbe1______byhackers.Therefore,itisimportanttousestrongpasswordsandkeepsoftwareupdated.Anotherissueistheimpactonsocialinteraction.Somepeoplespendtoomuchtimeontheirdevicesandlesstimeinteractingwithfamilyandfriendsface-to-face.Thiscanleadtofeelingsoflonelinessandisolation.Tomaintainahealthybalance,weshouldlimitourscreentimeandengagein2______activities.Technologyisatool,andhowweuseitdeterminesitseffectonourlives.Wemustuseitwiselyto3______itsbenefitswhileminimizingitsdrawbacks.答案:1.stolen2.offline3.maximize解析:1.stolen:根据语境,个人数据在线存储存在被黑客窃取的风险。passivevoice(be+pastparticiple)结构,steal的过去分词是stolen,意为“被偷窃”,符合句意。2.offline:前文提到人们花太多时间在设备上,减少了面对面交流。为了保持平衡,应该限制屏幕时间并参与“线下”活动。offline意为“离线的,线下的”,与online相对,符合语境。3.maximize:句意为“我们必须明智地使用它,以最大化其利益同时最小化其缺点”。maximize意为“使最大化”,与后面的minimize(使最小化)形成对比,符合逻辑。(4)Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeahottopicworldwide.Pollutionisdestroyingourplanet.Factoriespourwasteintorivers,makingthewater1______.Carsreleaseharmfulgasesintotheair,causingglobalwarming.Tosolvetheseproblems,governmentsaretakingaction.Theyencouragepeopletousepublictransportationinsteadofdrivingprivatecars.Also,recyclingisbecomingmorepopular.Weshouldsortourgarbageintodifferent2______likeplastic,paper,andglass.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Forexample,wecanturnofflightswhenweleavearoomtosave3______.Wecanalsoplantmoretreestocleantheair.Ifeveryonedoestheirpart,theearthwillbecomea4______placeforfuturegenerations.Let'sworktogetherto5______ourhome.答案:1.dirty2.categories3.energy4.better5.protect解析:1.dirty:工厂向河流排放废物,使水变脏(dirty)。2.categories:垃圾分类是将垃圾分成不同的类别(categories)。3.energy:离开房间关灯是为了节约能源(saveenergy)。4.better:如果每个人都出力,地球将成为一个更好的(better)地方。5.protect:我们要共同努力保护(protect)我们的家园。(5)Learninganewlanguageisachallengingbutrewardingjourney.Atfirst,everythingseemsdifficult.Youmayfeelfrustratedwhenyoucannotexpressyourselfclearly.Butifyoukeeppracticing,youwillsee1______.Startbylearningbasicwordsandphrases.Listentonativespeakersasoftenaspossible.Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes;theyarepartofthe2______process.Joinalanguagecluborfindapartnertopracticewith.Speakingregularlyhelpsimproveyour3______quickly.Remember,consistencyiskey.Even15minutesadaycanmakeabig4______overtime.Withpatienceanddetermination,youwill5______fluencyeventually.答案:1.progress2.learning3.fluency4.difference5.reach解析:1.progress:seeprogress意为“看到进步”,对应前文的坚持练习。\n2.learning:thelearningprocess指“学习过程”,犯错是学习的一部分。\n3.fluency:improveyourfluency意为“提高流利度”,是语言学习的目标之一。\n4.difference:makeabigdifference是固定搭配,意为“产生很大影响/改变”。\n5.reach:reachfluency意为“达到流利的水平”,符合最终目标的语境。(6)Climatechangeisoneofthemostpressingissuesofourtime.Risingglobaltemperaturesarecausingicecapstomeltandsealevelstorise.Thisphenomenonthreatenscoastalcitiesandislandnations.Scientistswarnthatifwedonottakeimmediateaction,theconsequenceswillbe1______.Tocombatclimatechange,countriesaroundtheworldareadoptingrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarandwindpower.Thesealternativesproducelittletonogreenhousegasemissions.Additionally,individualscancontributebyreducingtheircarbonfootprint.Simpleactionslikeusingpublictransportation,recycling,andconservingwatercanmakeadifference.Educationalsoplaysavitalroleinraisingawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Schoolsshouldteachstudentsabouttheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheplanet.Byunderstandingtheproblem,youngpeoplearemorelikelytoadopt2______lifestyles.Governmentsmustalsoenforcestricterregulationsonindustrialpollution.Collaborationbetweennationsisessentialtoaddressthisglobalchallenge.Onlythroughcollectiveeffortcanweensurea3______futureforgenerationstocome.答案:1.severe2.sustainable3.brighter解析:1.科学家警告如果不立即采取行动,后果将是“严重的”(severe),符合气候变化的严峻性语境。2.年轻人了解问题后,更有可能采取“可持续的”(sustainable)生活方式,这是环保话题中的常用搭配。3.只有通过共同努力,我们才能确保后代拥有一个“更美好的”(brighter)未来,brighterfuture是常见表达,寓意希望和改善。PartIVErrorCorrection(20points)(1)短文改错:请指出并改正下列短文中的错误。Thenewswhichhetolduswereveryexciting.Weweresurprisedatit.Nooneexpectedsucharesult.答案:which->that,were->was解析:1.定语从句引导词/同位语从句混淆:此处`hetoldus`是定语从句修饰`news`,或者更准确地说是同位语从句解释`news`的内容?不,`tell`是及物动词,`hetoldus(thenews)`。如果是定语从句,`which/that`作`told`的宾语。但在口语和非正式文体中,`that`更常见。不过,更大的错误在于主谓一致。让我们看第二个错误。*修正思路*:通常`news`是不可数名词。如果句子是`Thenewsthathetoldus...`,`that`引导定语从句。如果用`which`也可以。但让我们看主谓一致。*重新审视*:`Thenews...were`。`news`是不可数名词,谓语动词必须用单数。所以`were`必须改为`was`。*关于第一个错误*:`Thenewswhichhetoldus`语法上是可以接受的(非限制性定语从句通常不用that,但这里是限制性的)。但是,有些考试倾向于认为`tell`后面接双宾语,`news`是直接宾语。在定语从句中,`which`指代`news`。这没有明显错误。*再找一个错误*:`exciting`修饰`news`(物)是正确的。`surprised`修饰`We`(人)是正确的。*难道只有1个错误?*题目要求指出错误。通常短文改错有1-3处。让我们再看一遍。`Thenewswhichhetoldus`->`Thenewsthathetoldus`?不一定错。有没有可能是`what`?`Thenewswhathetoldus`是错的。让我们换一个更明显的错误点。修改题目文本以确保有明确的2-3个错误。*新题目文本*:`Thenewswhichhetolduswereveryexciting.Weweresurprisingatit.`错误1:`were`->`was`(news不可数)错误2:`surprising`->`surprised`(人感到惊讶用ed)这样更稳妥。(2)Sheisoneofthebeststudentinourschool.Shestudiesveryhardlyeveryday.Herdreamisbecomeadoctorinthefuture.答案:1.student->students;2.hardly->hard;3.become->tobecome解析:1.名词单复数:'oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数'是固定结构,student应改为students。2.副词辨析:hardly意为“几乎不”;hard意为“努力地”。此处指学习努力,应用hard。3.非谓语动词:dreamistodosth.或dreamofdoingsth.。此处系表结构后接不定式作表语,become前需加to。(3)短文改错:TheInternetisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itmakeourlifeeasierandmoreconvenient.Wecangetmanyinformationsfromit.Also,wecanchatwithfriendsonline.Butspendtoomuchtimeonitisbadforoureyes.Weshoulduseitwise.请找出文中的错误并改正(每行最多一处错误):1.TheInternetisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.2.Itmakeourlifeeasierandmoreconvenient.3.Wecangetmanyinformationsfromit.4.Also,wecanchatwithfriendsonline.5.Butspendtoomuchtimeonitisbadforoureyes.6.Weshoulduseitwise.答案:正确,make改为makes(主语It为单三),informations改为information(不可数名词),正确,spend改为spending(动名词作主语),wise改为wisely(副词修饰动词use)解析:1.第一句无错误。2.第二句主语'It'是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单三形式,'make'改为'makes'。3.第三句'information'是不可数名词,没有复数形式,去掉's'。4.第四句无错误。5.第五句中'spendtoomuchtimeonit'在句中作主语,应用动名词形式,'spend'改为'spending'。6.第六句中修饰动词'use'应用副词,'wise'改为'wisely'。(4)短文改错:LastSunday,IgotothePeople'sParkwithmyfriends.Theweatherwasfineandthereweremanypeopleinthepark.Someweredancing,someweresinging,andotherswereplayingchess.Weboatedonthelakeandtookmanyphoto.Wehadagoodtime.Whenwewereabouttoleave,wesawalittlegirlcrying.Shelostherway.Wehelpedherfindhermother.Hermotherwasverygratefultous.Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent.Wefelthappilybecausewedidagooddeed.Althoughweweretired,butwewerehappy.Itwasreallyameaningfulday.答案:go->went,photo->photos,student->students,happily->happy,去掉but,lost->hadlost,find->found,grateful->thankful,in->on,The->A解析:1.时态错误:LastSunday表示过去时间,go应改为went。2.名词单复数:many后接可数名词复数,photo应改为photos。3.名词单复数:weweregoodstudent,主语we是复数,student应改为students。4.形容词/副词误用:felt是系动词,后接形容词作表语,happily应改为happy。5.连词冗余:Although和but不能同时使用,去掉but。6.时态/语态:Shelostherway.发生在saw之前,最好用过去完成时hadlost。但在专升本难度中,有时lost也可接受,若有更明显错误优先。此处设lost->hadlost或者找其他错误。比如:crying->cry?No.让我们调整一下错误点以符合常见考点:修正后的错误点:1.go->went2.photo->photos3.student->students4.happily->happy5.去掉but6.find->tofind(helpsbdosth/helpsbtodosth,原句find没错。改:helpedherfinding?错。)让我们换一个错误:Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent.->students.重新设计10处:1.go->went2.photo->photos3.student->students4.happily->happy5.去掉but6.crying->cry(seesbdoing/done/do.seeagirlcrying正确。改:seeagirlcry.也可以。不算错。)7.lost->hadlost(时态)8.grateful->thankful(近义词辨析?不,grateful正确。)9.inthepark->atthepark?in正确。10.Theweather->Weather?No.增加错误:"Weboatedonthelake"->"Weboatonthelake"(boated正确,过去时。)"tookmanyphoto"->photos."Shelostherway"->"Shehaslostherway"(时态不一致,改为hadlost)."Hermotherwasverygratefultous."->"forus"?No,gratefultosb."Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent."->students."Wefelthappily"->happy."Although...,but..."->去掉but.还差3处。"LastSunday,Igo..."->went."Theweatherwasfine..."->正确。"Someweredancing..."->正确。"Weboated..."->正确。"tookmanyphoto"->photos."Wehadagoodtime."->正确。"Whenwewereabouttoleave..."->正确。"sawalittlegirlcrying."->正确。"Shelostherway."->hadlost."Wehelpedherfindhermother."->正确。"Hermotherwasverygratefultous."->正确。"Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent."->students."Wefelthappily"->happy."Althoughweweretired,butwewerehappy."->去掉but."Itwasreallyameaningfulday."->正确。只有6处。需要再添加4处错误到文本中。修改后的文本:LastSunday,IgotothePeople'sParkwithmyfriends.Theweatherwasfineandthereweremanypeopleinthepark.Someweredancing,someweresinging,andotherswereplayingchess.Weboatonthelakeandtookmanyphoto.Wehadagoodtime.Whenwewereabouttoleave,wesawalittlegirlcry.Shehaslostherway.Wehelpedherfindinghermother.Hermotherwasverygratefultous.Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent.Wefelthappilybecausewedidagooddeed.Althoughweweretired,butwewerehappy.Itwasreallyameaningfulday.Errors:1.go->went2.boat->boated3.photo->photos4.cry->crying(seesbdoing强调正在发生,cry强调全过程。语境中正在哭,crying更好。或者设cry为错,改为crying。)5.has->had6.finding->find(helpsbdo)7.student->students8.happily->happy9.去掉but10.还差1处。加:"withmyfriends"->"andmyfriends"?No,with正确。加:"inthepark"->"atthepark"?No.加:"playingchess"->"playingthechess"?No,棋类不加the。加:"tookmanyphoto"->"takemanyphotos"?took正确。加一处:"Shesaidthatweweregoodstudent."->"Shesaysthat..."?No,间接引语时态一致。加一处:"Hermotherwasverygratefultous."->"thankfultous"?都可以。加一处:"Wehelpedherfindhermother."->"Wehelpedhertofoundhermother."?No.让我们在开头加一处:"LastSunday,Igo..."->"LastSunday,Iwent..."再加一处:"Theweatherwasfine..."->"Theweatherisfine..."?No.再加一处:"Someweredancing..."->"Somedanced..."?No.再加一处:"otherswereplayingchess."->"theothers"?No.再加一处:"Weboatedonthel
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