中国海洋大学研究生英语考试题附答案

中国海洋大学研究生英语考试题附答案一、词汇与结构（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使句子意思完整。1.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase答案：D。本题考查“介词+关系代词+不定式”的结构。base...on...是固定搭配，意为“把……建立在……基础上”，这里用onwhichtobase作后置定语，修饰grounds，即“教授几乎找不到足够的依据来支持他赞成新理论的论点”，所以选D。2.______thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.A.BecauseofB.AstoC.InspiteofD.Inviewof答案：C。A选项“Becauseof”表示“因为”；B选项“Asto”表示“至于，关于”；C选项“Inspiteof”表示“尽管”；D选项“Inviewof”表示“鉴于，考虑到”。根据句意“尽管怀特教授最初的实验失败了，但他仍坚持研究”，可知应选C。3.Therearesigns______restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose答案：A。“thatrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies”是同位语从句，对signs的内容进行解释说明，且that在从句中不充当成分，所以选A。4.IthinkIwasatschool,______IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.A.andthenB.evensoC.orelseD.orso答案：C。A选项“andthen”表示“然后”；B选项“evenso”表示“即使如此”；C选项“orelse”表示“否则，要不然”，在这里表示一种推测的选择关系，即“我想我当时要么在学校，要么在假期和一个朋友呆在一起的时候听到了这个消息”；D选项“orso”表示“大约”。所以选C。5.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems______towardsbrightstudents.A.partialB.beneficialC.preferableD.liable答案：A。A选项“partial”有“偏袒的，偏爱的”意思，“bepartialtowards”表示“对……偏袒”；B选项“beneficial”表示“有益的”；C选项“preferable”表示“更可取的”；D选项“liable”表示“有责任的，可能的”。根据句意“据说数学老师似乎偏袒聪明的学生”，选A。6.Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook______troubleoverthefigures.A.extensiveB.spareC.extraD.supreme答案：C。A选项“extensive”表示“广泛的”；B选项“spare”表示“空闲的，备用的”；C选项“extra”表示“额外的”，“takeextratroubleoversth.”表示“在某事上格外费心”；D选项“supreme”表示“最高的，至上的”。所以选C。7.——“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?”——“I'msorry.Mr.Williams______toaconferencelongbeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone答案：A。根据句中的时间状语“atfiveo'clocktonight”和“longbeforethen”可知，这里表示在将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作，要用将来完成时，即“willhave+过去分词”，所以选A。8.You______himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn'tfollowB.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn'thavebeenfollowing答案：D。“shouldn'thavedone”表示“本不应该做某事（但实际上做了）”，“shouldn'thavebeenfollowing”表示“本不应该一直跟着他（但实际上一直跟着）”，符合语境，所以选D。9.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,______morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A.haveallowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows答案：D。句子的主语是“Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes”，中心词是“growth”，是单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式“allows”，选D。10.Everybody______inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.A.assembledB.accumulatedC.piledD.joined答案：A。A选项“assembled”表示“集合，聚集”；B选项“accumulated”表示“积累，积聚”；C选项“piled”表示“堆积”；D选项“joined”表示“加入”。根据句意“大家聚集在大厅里，在那里他们受到了秘书的欢迎”，选A。11.Puttinginanewwindowwill______cuttingawaypartoftheroof.A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise答案：B。A选项“include”强调“包括，包含”，侧重于部分包含在整体之中；B选项“involve”表示“涉及，需要”，“puttinginanewwindow”这件事需要“cuttingawaypartoftheroof”；C选项“contain”强调“容纳，装有”；D选项“comprise”表示“由……组成”。所以选B。12.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.A.withwhichB.forwhichC.ofwhichD.which答案：C。“ofwhichobtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast”是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句，“ofwhich”表示所属关系，即“在这些问题中，获得淡水并非最不重要的问题”，所以选C。13.Inthe______oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course答案：C。“intheeventof”是固定短语，表示“万一，倘若”，符合句意“倘若这个项目不成功，投资者可能会损失高达3000万美元”，所以选C。14.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.A.hadnotworkedB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork答案：D。“wouldrather+从句”表示“宁愿……”，从句要用虚拟语气，若表示现在或将来的愿望，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示过去的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。这里表示现在的愿望，所以用“didnotwork”，选D。15.______theyreachedthesmallvillagebeforenightfall.A.TowardstheendB.BytheendC.IntheendD.Attheend答案：C。A选项“Towardstheend”表示“临近结束时”；B选项“Bytheend”通常和of连用，“bytheendof”表示“到……结束时”；C选项“Intheend”表示“最后，终于”；D选项“Attheend”通常和of连用，“attheendof”表示“在……末尾”。根据句意“最后他们在夜幕降临前到达了那个小村庄”，选C。16.Thestorehadto______anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.A.layoutB.layoffC.layasideD.laydown答案：B。A选项“layout”表示“布置，安排”；B选项“layoff”表示“解雇”；C选项“layaside”表示“把……放在一边，储蓄”；D选项“laydown”表示“放下，制定”。根据“salesweredown”可知商店要解雇一些员工，选B。17.I'llneverforget______youforthefirsttime.A.tomeetB.meetingC.tohavemetD.havingtobemeeting答案：B。“forgettodosth.”表示“忘记去做某事”；“forgetdoingsth.”表示“忘记做过某事”。根据句意“我永远不会忘记第一次见到你”，这里是忘记做过的事，所以选B。18.Thespeech______,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered答案：D。“Thespeechhavingbeendelivered”是独立主格结构，“speech”和“deliver”之间是被动关系，且“演讲”先完成，然后才开始讨论，所以用现在分词的完成被动式，选D。19.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion______.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff答案：A。当“proposal”（建议）后的同位语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，“discussion”和“putoff”是被动关系，所以用“beputoff”，选A。20.Onceenvironmentaldamage______,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.A.hasdoneB.istodoC.doesD.isdone答案：D。“environmentaldamage”和“do”之间是被动关系，“isdone”表示“被造成”，符合语境，即“一旦环境遭到破坏，系统需要很多年才能恢复”，选D。二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。Passage1Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsus______.A.thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB.whatshouldbedonetoavoidstressC.whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD.howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife答案：C。根据第一段“Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.”可知，他们的研究列出了有压力的事件清单，告诉我们什么样的事件会导致压力，所以选C。22.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970sledto______.A.widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsB.greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseC.anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnessesD.popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs答案：A。根据第二段“Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.”可知，20世纪70年代早期关于压力的研究导致了人们对压力有害影响的广泛关注，选A。23.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows______.A.howmuchpressureyouareunderB.howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifeC.howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD.howyoucandealwithlife-changingevents答案：A。根据第一段“WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.”可知，该测试的分数显示你承受了多大的压力，选A。24.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?A.Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.C.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D.Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.答案：D。根据第三段“Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.”可知，这种简单的建议无法遵循是因为避开压力事件的同时也会错过机会，选D。25.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome______.A.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB.physicallyandmentallystrainedC.morecapableofcopingwithadversityD.indifferenttowardwhathappenstothem答案：C。根据第四段“Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.”可知，经历过起起落落的人可能更有能力应对逆境，选C。Passage2Itishardtotrackthebluewhale,theocean'slargestcreature,whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficult,andvisualsightingsaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days,monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy'sformerlytop-secretsystemofunderwaterlisteningdevicesspanningtheoceans.TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption(爆发)forthefirsttimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond—slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope(听诊器)doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient'schesttoadoctor'sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.26.Thepassageischieflyabout______.A.anefforttoprotectanendangeredmarinespeciesB.thecivilianuseofamilitarydetectionsystemC.theexposureofaU.S.Navytop-secretweaponD.anewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhales答案：B。文章主要讲述了冷战后海军开始与民用科学家分享其水下监听系统，科学家们利用这个军事探测系统开展了诸如追踪鲸鱼、监测深海火山爆发等民用研究，所以选B。27.Theunderwaterlisteningsystemwasoriginallydesigned______.A.totraceandlocateenemyvesselsB.tomonitordeep-seavolcaniceruptionsC.tostudythemovementofoceancurrentsD.toreplacetheglobalradiocommunicationsnetwork答案：A。根据第三段“...astheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.”可知，水下监听系统最初是为了追踪潜在敌人的船只而设计的，选A。28.Thedeep-sealisteningsystemmakesuseof______.A.thesophisticatedtechnologyoffocusingsoundsunderwaterB.thecapabilityofsoundtotravelathighspeedC.theuniquepropertyoflayersofoceanwaterintransmittingsoundD.low-frequencysoundstravelingacrossdifferentlayersofwater答案：C。根据第五段“Whatismostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope(听诊器)does...Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.”可知，深海监听系统利用了海水层在传播声音方面的独特特性，选C。29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.newradiodevicesshouldbedevelopedfortrackingtheendangeredbluewhalesB.bluewhalesarenolongerendangeredwiththeuseofthenewlisteningsystemC.opinionsdifferastowhethercivilianscientistsshouldbeallowedtousemilitarytechnologyD.militarytechnologyhasgreatpotentialincivilianuse答案：D。文章讲述了海军的水下监听系统被用于民用研究，如追踪鲸鱼、监测火山爆发等，说明军事技术在民用方面有很大的潜力，选D。30.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheU.S.Navyunderwaterlisteningnetwork?A.Itisnowpartlyaccessibletocivilianscientists.B.Ithasbeenreplacedbyamoreadvancedsystem.C.Itbecameuselesstothemilitaryafterthecoldwar.D.Itisindispensableinprotectingendangeredspecies.答案：A。根据第三段“...astheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystem...”可知，美国海军的水下监听网络现在部分向民用科学家开放，选A。Passage3Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise(有氧操).Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalize(获利)onthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutalsoonaerobicfitnessaswell.Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilyformuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.31.Theword“spas”(Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto______.A.sportsactivitiesB.placesforphysicalexerciseC.recreationcentersD.athletictrainingprograms答案：B。根据第一段“...andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalize(获利)onthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.”以及后面提到的“anationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities”可知，“spas”是人们进行健身锻炼的地方，选B。32.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor______.A.thepromotionofaerobicexerciseB.enduranceandmusculardevelopmentC.theimprovementofwomen'sfiguresD.betterperformanceinaerobicdancing答案：B。根据第一段“However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.”可知，早期的健身中心主要是为了发展肌肉力量和耐力，选B。33.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.D.Cautious.答案：C。根据第一段“Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyfromtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.”可知，医生认为举重训练对健康几乎没有益处，持否定态度，选C。34.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout______.A.howwelltheycoulddoinathleticsB.whattheirhealthconditionwaslikeC.whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthemD.whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise答案：A。根据第二段“Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.”可知，进行体能测试是为了了解人们在体育方面的表现，选A。35.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining______.A.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slifeB.maywellaffectthehealthofthetraineesC.willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocomeD.contributestohealthimprovementaswell答案：D。根据第二段“However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilyformuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.”可知，最近的研究表明举重训练也有助于改善健康，选D。Passage4Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,aprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isintheforefront.ShehasspentyearsstudyingAmerica'smoraldeclineandnotesthatthegenerationof1960s-raisedbabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人)didnotturnouttobeasrebelliousastheyonceseemed.Theyarenowconservativeparentswhowanttoreturntothetraditionalvaluesofthepre-1960s.Theresulthasbeenarevivalofinterestinavarietyofattemptstoaddressthemoraldecline.ThenewemphasisonmoraleducationinschoolshaspromotedthegrowthofsuchorganizationsastheCharacterEducationPartnershipandtheCenterforthe4thand5thRs.Schoolsarenowaddressingissuessuchasdruguse,peer-pressure,andmoralvalues.Theproblemofmoraldeclinewillnotbeeasytosolve.Mrs.Elshtainbelievesthecurrentgeneration,whichhasbeenmoreindulgedthandisciplined,islessequippedtocopewiththemoralissuesofreallife.“Thefreedomthatyoungpeoplehave,”shesays,“isthefreedomtodoanythingtheywant,notthefreedomtodevelopastheyought.”Inaddition,moralstandardsthemselvesarenotclear-cut.ManyAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmoralissues.Andthisisespeciallytrueforsuchcontroversialissuesasabortion,homosexuality,andguncontrol.Despitethesedifficulties,Mrs.Elshtainisstilloptimistic.ShebelievesthatanewgenerationofAmericanswilleventuallybemoremoralthantheirpredecessors.“It'simportanttorememberthat,”shesays,“we'vegonethroughmoraldeclinebefore,andwe'verecoveredfromit.”36.Whathaslongworriedsocialanalysts?A.TheinvolvementofaverageAmericansinmoralissues.B.Thedeclineinmoralstandards.C.Theimpactofthegenerationof1960s-raisedbabyboomers.D.Theemergenceofconservativeparents.答案：B。根据第一段“Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.”可知，长期以来让社会分析家担忧的是道德标准的下降，选B。37.Whatdowelearnaboutthebabyboomers?A.Theyaremorerebelliousthantheirpredecessors.B.TheyareconcernedaboutthemoraldeclineinAmerica.C.Theyhaveatraditionalviewoflife.D.Theyarenotasrebelliousastheyappearedtobe.答案：D。根据第一段“...thegenerationof1960s-raisedbabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人)didnotturnouttobeasrebelliousastheyonceseemed.”可知，生育高峰期出生的人并不像他们看起来那样叛逆，选D。38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanissueaddressedbyschoolsinmoraleducation?A.Druguse.B.Peer-pressure.C.Homosexuality.D.Moralvalues.答案：C。根据第二段“Schoolsarenowaddressingissuessuchasdruguse,peer-pressure,andmoralvalues.”可知，学校在道德教育中涉及毒品使用、同伴压力和道德价值观等问题，未提及同性恋问题，选C。39.Mrs.Elshtainisworriedthatthecurrentgeneration______.A.isnotwell-equippedtosolvemoralproblemsB.hasnoaccesstomoraleducationC.islessawareofmoralissuesD.hastoomuchfreedom答案：A。根据第三段“Mrs.Elshtainbelievesthecurrentgeneration,whichhasbeenmoreindulgedthandisciplined,islessequippedtocopewiththemoralissuesofreallife.”可知，Elshtain女士担心当代人没有足够的能力解决道德问题，选A。40.WhatisMrs.Elshtain'sattitudetowardsthemoraldeclineinAmerica?A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Indifferent.D.Doubtful.答案：B。根据最后一段“Despitethesedifficulties,Mrs.Elshtainisstilloptimistic.ShebelievesthatanewgenerationofAmericanswilleventuallybemoremoralthantheirpredecessors.”可知，Elshtain女士对美国道德下滑持乐观态度，选B。三、翻译（共2部分，共20分）（一）将下列短文翻译成汉语（10分）Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicalteststhatarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,classifying,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employees,andmilitarypersonnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andeveninCongress.Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedconditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.广泛应用于协助选拔、分类、安排或提升学生、员工和军事人员的标准化教育或心理测试，近来成了书籍、杂志、日报，甚至国会抨击的目标。这个抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这些测试时，批评者们把注意力从那些信息匮乏或不称职的使用者的过错上转移开了。测试本身仅仅是工具而已，其特性在特定条件下是可以相当精确地测定的。测试结果是有价值的、无意义的，还是甚至具有误导性，部分取决于工具本身，但在很大程度上取决于使用者。（二）将下列句子翻译成英语（10分）1.随着经济的发展，人们的生活水平有了显著提高。Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,people'slivingstandardshavebeensignificantlyimproved.2.他声称他是