2026年上海市高中英语第4单元语法专项训练习题

2026年上海市高中英语第4单元语法专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The4thunitofthe2026ShanghaiHighSchoolEnglishcurriculumfocusesonthegrammaticalstructureofmodalverbs.Whichsentencecorrectlyuses"must"toexpressnecessity?A.Shecangotothepartyifshefinishesherhomework.B.Youmustwearauniformtoattendtheschoolevent.C.Hemaynotbelateforthemeeting.D.Theyshouldhavestudiedfortheexam.Answer:BExplanation:"Must"isusedtoconveystrongobligationornecessity,asinoptionB.OptionAuses"can"(possibility),optionCuses"maynot"(possibilityofnegation),andoptionDuses"shouldhave"(pastadvisability).Thequestionteststhestudent'sunderstandingofmodalverbs'semanticfunctionsincontext.2.Inthe4thunit,studentslearntodifferentiatebetween"must"and"haveto".Whichsentenceisgrammaticallyincorrect?A.Youmustfollowtherulestostaysafe.B.IhavetoleaveearlybecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment.C.Shemustnotsmokeintheclassroom.D.TheymusthavetofinishtheprojectbyFriday.Answer:DExplanation:"Musthaveto"isredundantbecause"must"alreadyimpliesnecessity.Thecorrectformiseither"must"or"haveto,"butnotboth.OptionsA,B,andCusetheverbscorrectlyindifferentcontexts(obligation,necessity,prohibition).Thisquestionassessesthestudent'sabilitytoavoidgrammaticalredundancy.3.The4thunitintroducestheuseofmodalverbswithadjectivestoexpresscertaintyorpossibility.Whichsentencecorrectlyuses"must"withanadjective?A.Hemustbetiredbecauseheclosedhiseyes.B.Shemusthavegonetothelibrary;herbookismissing.C.Thismustbeyourhouse—ithasyournameonthemailbox.D.Theymustnotbehappy;theyarelaughing.Answer:CExplanation:"Must"withanadjective(e.g.,"mustbe+adjective")expressesstrongassumptionordeduction.OptionCiscorrectbecause"mustbeyourhouse"impliescertaintybasedonevidence.OptionAuses"mustbe+verb-ing"(continuousform),optionBusesapastmodalstructure("musthave+pastparticiple"),andoptionDuses"mustnotbe"(negation).Thequestionteststhestudent'sgraspofmodalverbsinadjectiveclauses.4.The4thunitcoversthestructure"must+bareinfinitive"forexpressingstrongadviceornecessity.Whichsentenceisanexampleofthisstructure?A.Youshouldnoteattoomuchjunkfood.B.ShehastofinishherhomeworkbeforewatchingTV.C.Hemustgotothestoretobuymilk.D.Theymayhavetowaitforthebus.Answer:CExplanation:OptionCuses"must+go"toexpressadirectobligation,whichalignswiththeunit'sfocusonmodalverbsfornecessity.OptionAuses"shouldnot,"optionBuses"hasto"(modal+infinitive),andoptionDuses"mayhaveto"(modal+infinitive).Thequestionevaluatesthestudent'sabilitytoidentifythecorrectmodalstructure.5.Inthe4thunit,studentspracticeusingmodalverbsinreportedspeech.Whichsentencecorrectlychanges"Hesaid,'Imustleavenow.'"toreportedspeech?A.Hesaidthathemustleavethen.B.Hesaidthathehadtoleavenow.C.Hesaidthathemusthaveleftearlier.D.Hesaidthathemayleavelater.Answer:AExplanation:Inreportedspeech,"must"changesto"must"or"hadto"(dependingontense),butthemodalremainsthesameiftheoriginalspeaker'scertaintyisunchanged.OptionAiscorrectbecause"mustleavenow"becomes"mustleavethen"(timeadverbialshift).OptionBincorrectlychanges"must"to"hadto"(pastnecessity),optionCusesapastperfectmodalstructure("musthaveleft"),andoptionDintroduces"may"(possibility),alteringtheoriginalmeaning.6.The4thunitincludesthestructure"must+questionword"forexpressingstrongcertaintyaboutunknowninformation.Whichsentenceusesthisstructurecorrectly?A.Shemustwherethebluedressyesterday.B.Hemustwhocalledyoulastnight.C.Theymustwhattimethemeetingstarts.D.Youmustwherethekeysare.Answer:BExplanation:OptionBuses"must+who"toaskaboutanunknownperson,whichisgrammaticallycorrect.OptionAhasaverbformerror("mustwhere"→"musthavebeenwearing"),optionCuses"what"incorrectly(shouldbe"when"),andoptionDhasaverbformerror("mustwhere"→"mustbe").Thequestionassessesthestudent'sabilitytousemodalswithquestionwordsfordeduction.7.The4thunitdiscussestheuseofmodalverbsforpolitenessinrequests.Whichsentenceuses"could"tomakeapoliterequest?A.Youcouldclosethewindowbecauseit'scold.B.Couldyoupleasepassthesalt?C.Shecanhelpyouwiththehomework.D.Hemayborrowmypenifheneedsit.Answer:BExplanation:OptionBuses"couldyouplease"tomakeapoliterequest,whichisacommonstructureintheunit.OptionAuses"could"togiveadvice,optionCuses"can"(ability),andoptionDuses"may"(permission).Thequestionteststhestudent'sunderstandingofmodalsinpolitelanguage.8.The4thunitintroducesthestructure"mustn't+bareinfinitive"forexpressingstrongprohibition.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthisstructure?A.Youmustn'tsmokehere;it'sdangerous.B.Shemustn'thavefinishedherworkyet.C.Hemustn'tbelatefortheexam.D.Theymustn'tgotothepartywithoutpermission.Answer:AExplanation:OptionAuses"mustn'tsmoke"toexpressastrictprohibition,whichisthecorrectstructure.OptionBusesapastmodalstructure("mustn'thavefinished"),optionCuses"mustn'tbe"(modal+adjective),andoptionDuses"mustn'tgo"(modal+infinitive),butthecontextislessstrictthanprohibition.Thequestionevaluatesthestudent'sabilitytousemodalsfornegativecommands.9.The4thunitcoversmodalverbsinhypotheticalsituationsusing"could"or"might."Whichsentencedescribesahypotheticalpossibility?A.Shecouldhavegonetotheconcertifshehadtickets.B.HemusthavegonetothestorebecauseIsawhimthere.C.Theymaybelateifthetrafficisbad.D.Youshouldhavestudiedmoreforthetest.Answer:AExplanation:OptionAuses"couldhavegone"todescribeapasthypotheticalsituation(conditionalperfect),whichalignswiththeunit'sfocusonmodalsinconditionals.OptionBusesapastmodalstructure("musthavegone"),optionCuses"maybe"(presentpossibility),andoptionDuses"shouldhave"(pastadvisability).Thequestionassessesthestudent'sunderstandingofmodalsinhypotheticalcontexts.10.The4thunitincludesthestructure"must+have+pastparticiple"forexpressingstrongdeductionaboutapastevent.Whichsentenceusesthisstructurecorrectly?A.Hemusthaveeatendinnerbecausehisstomachfeelsfull.B.Shemusthavelostherkeys;shecan'tfindthemanywhere.C.Theymusthavebeentothemuseumyesterday.D.Youmusthaveseenthemovielastnight.Answer:BExplanation:OptionBuses"musthavelost"toexpressstrongcertaintyaboutapastaction,whichisthecorrectstructure.OptionAuses"musthaveeaten,"optionCuses"musthavebeen"(modal+pastcontinuous),andoptionDuses"musthaveseen."Thequestionteststhestudent'sabilitytousemodalsforpastdeductions.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.The4thunitteachesthat"must"isusedtoexpressstrongnecessity,while"haveto"isusedforobligationfromthespeaker'sperspective.Forexample:"You______leavenowtocatchthetrain."(must/haveto)Answer:mustExplanation:Thecontextimpliesastrong,unavoidableobligation,so"must"isappropriate."Haveto"wouldbelessemphatic.2.Inthe4thunit,studentslearnthat"must+adjective"expressescertainty.Forexample:"Thisis______yourbookbecauseithasyournameinside."(mustbe)Answer:mustbeExplanation:Thesentenceexpressesstrongassumptionbasedonevidence("yourname"),requiring"mustbe."3.The4thunitcoversmodalverbsinreportedspeech.Changethefollowingsentence:"Shesaid,'Imustgotothedoctor.'"toreportedspeech:"Shesaidthatshe______gotothedoctor."(must)Answer:mustExplanation:Inreportedspeech,"must"remainsunchangedunlessthetenseshifts,whichisnotthecasehere.4.Toexpresspoliterequests,the4thunitintroduces"couldyouplease...".Forexample:"______youpleaseopenthewindow?"(Could)Answer:CouldExplanation:"Couldyouplease"isastandardstructureforpoliterequests.5.The4thunitexplainsthat"mustn't+bareinfinitive"isusedforprohibition.Forexample:"You______smokeintheclassroom."(mustn't)Answer:mustn'tExplanation:Thesentenceconveysastrictrule,requiring"mustn't."6.Todescribehypotheticalsituations,the4thunituses"couldhave+pastparticiple."Forexample:"IfIhadknownabouttheparty,I______gone."(couldhave)Answer:couldhaveExplanation:Thesentenceexpressesapasthypotheticalpossibility,requiringthemodalperfectform.7.The4thunitteachesthat"must+have+pastparticiple"expressesstrongdeduction.Forexample:"Heismissing;he______leftearly."(musthave)Answer:musthaveExplanation:Thesentenceimpliesalogicalconclusionaboutapastaction,so"musthaveleft"iscorrect.8.Tomakeapolitesuggestion,the4thunituses"should+bareinfinitive."Forexample:"You______studymorefortheexam."(should)Answer:shouldExplanation:"Should"isusedtogiveadvice,whichisacommontopicintheunit.9.The4thunitcoversmodalverbswithadjectivesforcertainty.Forexample:"Thatmustbe______expensive!"(too)Answer:tooExplanation:Thesentenceexpressesstrongassumptionaboutthecost,requiring"too"(adjective).10.The4thunitintroduces"may/might+have+pastparticiple"forpastpossibility.Forexample:"Sheislate;she______missedthebus."(mayhave)Answer:mayhaveExplanation:Thesentencesuggestsapossiblepastevent,so"mayhavemissed"isappropriate.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Youmustnotforgetyourwallet"expressesstrongprohibition.(True)Explanation:"Mustn't"isthecorrectformforprohibition,but"mustnot"isalsogrammaticallyacceptable,thoughlesscommoninformalcontexts.Thestatementiscorrect.2."Must"and"haveto"arealwaysinterchangeableinmeaning.(False)Explanation:"Must"expressesstrongnecessityorobligation,while"haveto"reflectsexternalpressure.Thestatementisincorrect.3.Thestructure"must+questionword"isusedtoaskforinformation.(False)Explanation:Thisstructureexpressesstrongdeduction,notquestions(e.g.,"Hemustbetheteacher").Thestatementisincorrect.4."Musthave+pastparticiple"isusedtoexpresspresentcertainty.(False)Explanation:Thisstructureisforpastdeductions(e.g.,"Hemusthaveleft").Thestatementisincorrect.5."Couldyouplease..."isapolitewaytomakerequests.(True)Explanation:Thisisastandardstructureintheunitforpoliterequests.Thestatementiscorrect.6."Mustn't+bareinfinitive"isusedforadvice.(False)Explanation:Thisstructureisforprohibition,notadvice(e.g.,"Youmustn'tsmoke").Thestatementisincorrect.7."Mustbe+adjective"expressespossibility.(False)Explanation:Thisstructureexpressesstrongcertainty(e.g.,"Thismustbeyourhouse").Thestatementisincorrect.8."May/might+have+pastparticiple"isusedforpastpossibilities.(True)Explanation:Thisisacommonstructureintheunitforguessingaboutpastevents.Thestatementiscorrect.9."Must"ismoreformalthan"haveto."(False)Explanation:"Must"ismoreemphaticbutnotnecessarilymoreformal;"haveto"isoftenmoreneutral.Thestatementisincorrect.10."Shouldhave+pastparticiple"isusedtoexpresspresentobligation.(False)Explanation:Thisstructureisforpastadvisability(e.g.,"Youshouldhavestudied").Thestatementisincorrect.四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"must"and"haveto"inthe4thunit.Provideanexampleforeach.Answer:"Must"expressesstrongpersonalnecessityorobligation,while"haveto"reflectsexternalpressure.Example:"Imustleave"(personaldecision);"Ihavetoleave"(externalrule).2.Howis"must+adjective"usedinthe4thunit?Giveanexample.Answer:Itexpressesstrongcertaintybasedonevidence.Example:"Thismustbeyourhouse—ithasyourname."3.Describethestructure"must+questionword"anditspurposeinthe4thunit.Answer:Itexpressesstrongdeductionaboutunknowninformation.Example:"Hemustbethemanager—heknowseverything."4.Whyis"couldyouplease..."consideredpoliteinthe4thunit?Provideanexample.Answer:Itsoftensrequests,makingthemlessdemanding.Example:"Couldyoupleasepassthesalt?"5.Howis"mustn't+bareinfinitive"usedforprohibitioninthe4thunit?Giveanexample.Answer:Itexpressesstrictrulesorwarnings.Example:"Youmustn'tenterwithoutpermission."6.Explainthestructure"must+have+pastparticiple"anditsfunctioninthe4thunit.Answer:Itexpressesstrongdeductionaboutapastevent.Example:"Hemusthavearrivedlate—he'sstillnothere."7.Howdoesthe4thunituse"may/might+have+pastparticiple"forpastpossibilities?Provideanexample.Answer:Itsuggestsapossiblepastaction.Example:"Shemayhaveforgottenthemeeting—shewasn'tthere."8.Whatisthepurposeofusingmodalverbsinreportedspeechinthe4thunit?Giveanexample.Answer:Itchangestheoriginalspeaker'stone(e.g.,"Hesaid,'Imustgo.'"→"Hesaidthathemustgo.").五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusing"must"toexpressstrongcertainty:"Thisbookmustbelongtoher—ithashernameinside."Answer:Thesentenceisalreadycorrect.2.Changethefollowingsentencetoreportedspeechusing"must":"Shesaid,'Imustfinishthisworktoday.'"Answer:Shesaidthatshemustfinishthatworkthatday.3.Makeapoliterequestusing"couldyouplease...":"Canyouopenthewindow?"Answer:Couldyoupleaseopenthewindow?4.Writeasentenceusing"mustn't+bareinfinitive"toexpressaprohibition.Answer:Youmustn'ttouchthehotstove.5.Describeapasthypotheticalsituationusing"couldhave+pastparticiple":"IfIhadstudiedharder,Icouldhavepassedtheexam."Answer:IfIhadstudiedharder,Icouldhavepassedtheexam.6.Expressastrongdeductionaboutapasteventusing"musthave+pastparticiple":"Heismissing—hiscarisstillhere."Answer:Hemusthavegonesomewhereelse.7.Giveadviceusing"should+bareinfinitive":"Heistired."Answer:Heshouldrest.8.Writeasentenceusing"may/might+have+pastparticiple"tosuggestapastpossibility:"Sheislate."Answer:Shemayhavemissedthebus.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.BExplanation:"Must"expressesnecessity,while"can"(A)ispossibility,"maynot"(C)isnegation,and"shouldhave"(D)ispastadvisability.2.DExplanation:"Musthaveto"isredundant;useeither"must"or"haveto."3.CExplanation:"Mustbe+adjective"expressescertainty,notcontinuousaction(A),pastdeduction(B),ornegation(D).4.CExplanation:"Mustgo"expressesdirectobligation,notadvice(A),necessityfromexternalpressure(B),orpossibility(D).5.AExplanation:"Must"remainsunchangedinreportedspeechunlesstenseshifts.6.BExplanation:"Must+who"asksaboutaperson;otheroptionshaveverbformerrors.7.BExplanation:"Couldyouplease"ispolite,while"can"(A)isneutral,"can"(C)isability,and"may"(D)ispermission.8.AExplanation:"Mustn'tsmoke"isstrictprohibition,notadvisability(B),deduction(C),orlessstrictprohibition(D).9.AExplanation:"Couldhavegone"describespasthypotheticalpossibility,notdeduction(B),possibility(C),oradvisability(D).10.BExplanation:"Musthavelost"expressesstrongpastdeduction,notpresentdeduction(A),continuousdeduction(C),orpresentdeduction(D).二、填空题1.mustExplanation:"Must"expressesstrongnecessity.2.mustbeExplanation:"Mustbe+adjective"expressescertainty.3.mustExplanation:"Must"remainsunchangedinreportedspeech.4.CouldExplanation:"Couldyouplease"ispoliterequeststructure.5.mustn'tExplanation:"Mustn't"isstrictprohibition.6.couldhaveExplanation:"Couldhave+pastparticiple"describespasthypothetical.7.musthaveExplanation:"Musthave+pastparticiple"expressesstrongpastdeduction.8.shouldExplanation:"Should"givesadvice.9.tooExplanation:"Mustbe+adjective"expressesstrongassumption.10.mayhaveExplanation:"Mayhave+pastparticiple"suggestspastpossibility.三、判断题1.TrueExplanation:"Mustnot"isacceptablebut"mustn't"ismorecommonforprohibition.2.FalseExplanation:"Must"ispersonalnecessity;"haveto"isexternalpressure.3.FalseExplanation:"Must+questionword"isfordeduction,notquestions.4.FalseExplanation:"Musthave+pastparticiple"isforpastdeductions.5.TrueExplanation: