考研英语模拟试卷88

考研英语模拟试卷88

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

IstheUnitedStatesameltingpot?Inotherwords,haveimmigrantstotheUSAmerged

withthenativeAmericansand⑴tobeGermans,Japanese,Poles,Irish,etc?Ithas

been(2)a"potofstew"mightbeamoresuitablewordthan"meltingpot",

(3)inastewthemeatandvegetableskeeptheirowncharacteristics,but(4)

tothespicesandthe(5)itiscooked,thestewhasadistinctiveflavorofitsown.

Theimplicationsof"meltingpot"(6)Americansocialworkersandlanguage

teachers,manyof(7)feelthatracialandnationalgroupsshouldbeencouragedto

(8)theircustoms,traditionsandlanguages.Atthesametimeitisagreedthatall

Americans,(9)theirorigins,mustlearntospeakEnglishclearlyandfluently,and

theymustlearnto(10)themselvestotheAmericanwayoflife.However,therearc

ethnicgroupswhostill(II)together,whospeaktheirownlanguagesandhave

preservedmanyoftheiroldcustoms.ThereareHispanic(12),e.g.Mexicans,

Cubans.PuertoRicans,mostofwhomstillspeakSpanishastheir(13)language.

TherearetheAmericanIndiansand(14)Asiangroups,allofwhomspeaktheir

ownlanguages.Then(herearethe20millionblacks,who,(15)theyspeakEnglish,

forthemostpartliveseparately.Manyblacksarebeginning(o(16)theirrootsright

backtotheAfricantribes(17)whichtheirancestorsweretorninthedaysof

slaveryandsomeofthemare(18)themselvesmoreandmorewithAfrica.Some

blackleaders(19),remindingthemthattheircultureandtheirlanguagearenot

African.TheyareAmerican.Butmanyblacksare(20)bitteragainstwhiteculture

tofeelAmerican.

1、IstheUnitedStatesameltingpot?Inotherwords,haveimmigrantsto(heUSA

mergedwiththenativeAmericansand(1)tobeGermans,Japanese,Poles,Irish,

etc?Ithasbeen(2)a"potofstew"mightbeamoresuitablewordthan"melting

pot",(3)inastewthemeatandvegetableskeeptheirowncharacteristics,but

(4)to(hespicesandthe(5)itiscooked,(hestewhasadistinctiveflavorof

itsown.Theimplicationsof"meltingpot"(6)Americansocialworkersand

languageteachers,manyof(7)feelthatracialandnationalgroupsshouldhe

encouragedto(8)theircustoms,traditionsandlanguages.Atthesametimeitis

agreedthatallAmericans,(9)theirorigins,mustlearntospeakEnglishclearlyand

fluently,andtheymustlearn:o(10)themselvestotheAmericanwayoflife.

However,thereareethnicgroupswhostill(11)together,whospeaktheirown

languagesandhavepreservedmanyoftheiroldcustoms.ThereareHispanic(12),

e.g.Mexicans,Cubans,PuertoRicans,mostofwhomstillspeakSpanishastheir

(13)language.TherearetheAmericanIndiansand(14)Asiangroups,allof

whomspeak(heirownlanguages.Thentherearethe20millionblacks,who,(15)

theyspeakEnglish,forthemostpartliveseparately.Manyblacksarebeginningto

(16)theirrootsrightbacktotheAfricantribes(17)whichtheirancestors

weretorninthedaysofslaveryandsomeofthemare(18)(hemselvesmoreand

morewithAfrica.Someblackleaders(19),remindingthemthattheircultureand

theirlanguagearenotAfrican.TheyarcAmerican.Butmanyblacksare(20)bitter

againstwhiteculturetofeelAmerican.

A、ceased

B、stopped

C、paused

D^halted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该句意为，美国移民已经融人本地人，不再是德国人、日本人、波兰

人、爱尔兰人吗?ceasetobe"不再是",为习惯用法,符合题意“stopped"停止"：

paused"终止"；halted"暂停"；在这里均不能与tobe连用。

2、

A、implied

B、indicated

C、suggested

D^deduced

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Ithasbeensuggestedthat"有人提出、为习惯用法。implied"暗示"；

indicated”指出“；deduced”推论，

3、

A、so

B、for

C>though

D、unless

标准答案：B

知识点解析：表示对前句原因的解释，用for”因为，由于”。其他连词不表示原

因。

4、

A、due

B、owe

C、thanks

D、next

标准答案：C

知识点解析：thanksto"幸亏，由于"，如，ThankstoJohn,wewonthegame.多亏约

翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。dueto"由…引起";oweto"把…归于"；nextto"与…邻接

”；均不能准确表达题意。

5、

A^way

B、method

C、manner

D、style

标准答案：A

知识点解析：表示烹调的方法，用way”方式，方法”。method往往表示带有技巧性

的方法。manner和slyle表示"风格，式样"。

6、

A、disturb

B、puzzle

C、thrill

D、terrify

标准答案：A

知识点解析：disturb”打搅，使不安”。该句意为，”熔炉”的含义使美国社会工作者

和语言教师感到不安。

7、

A、them

B、those

C、who

D、whom

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本句为非限定性定语从句，关系代词前由于是介词，所以用who的

宾格whorrio

8、

A、abandon

B、submit

C、preserve

D、withhold

标准答案：C

知识点解析：该句意为，他们多数觉得应该鼓励种族和民族的群体保留他们的习

俗、传统和语言。"保留传统"应该用preserve。abandon"放弃"；submit"提交"；

withhold”扣住二

9、

A^whatever

B、however

C、wherever

whenever

标准答案：A

A^differential

B、variable

C、various

alternate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：various”不同的，各种各样的「该句意为，还有美国印第安人和各种

各样的亚洲群体，他们都说自己的语言。differentia「有差别的”；variable”可变的

"；alternate”交替的，

15、

A^though

B、if

C>even

D^since

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该句意为，还有2千万黑人，尽管他们说英语，但通常都单独居住。

引导让步状语从句，用though。

16、

A、pursue

B、（rail

C、trace

D、uphold

标准答案：C

知识点解析：trace"追踪，追溯"。该句指"寻根"，应选择trace。pursue"追赶"；

trail"尾随"；uphold"支持"。

17、

A、about

B、for

C、from

D、against

标准答案：C

知识点解析：tearfrom”强迫分开”，指黑人的祖先被强迫高开非洲。

18、

A、identifying

B、recognizing

C、verifying

D、realizing

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ideniify”认同，把…和…看出一样"，idemifyoneselfwi【h为固定结

构。该句指部分移民美国的黑人把自己看作是非洲人。

19、

A、disapprove

suspect

C、discontent

D^reject

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该句意为，一些黑人领袖不赞成到非洲寻根，他们提醒他们的文化和

语言不是非洲的。approve可作不及物动词。suspect"怀疑"；discontent"不满"；

reject”拒绝”。

20、

A、so

B、too

C、quite

D、very

标准答案：B

知识点解析：t。。…t。”太…以至于不”。该句意为，但是许多黑人太仇恨白人文化以

至于感觉臼己不是美国人。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinks

attractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandrespectable

occupations.Personalconsultantsgivebetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesare

softeronattractivedefendants.Butin（heexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayup（heexecutiveladder,itis

harmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegrity

thanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractive

femaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;their

successwasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunatlractivewomen

executiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractive

femaleexecutives.Increasingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesses

wasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractive

overnightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractive

womanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthe

lessattractiveones.Thusanattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemale

jobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe

"masculine"qualitiesrequired.Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheoneclueishowhe

orshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,"saysAnneBowman,whorecently

publishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125

undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,in

orderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesfor

politicaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvotefor

them.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthe

womenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

21、Theword"liability"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans

A、misfortune

B、instability

C、disadvantage

D、burden

标准答案：C

知识点解析：liability”责任，义务，缺点，不利条件”。第一段列举了美貌的优势，

但最后一句表示转折：但是在管理层，美貌成为不利条件。根据上下文，liability

在这里应该是“不利条件”之意。

22、Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness

A、reinforcesthefemalequalitiesrequired

B、makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C、isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D^oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第六段第三句指出，因而一个有吸引力的妇女在传统女性职业中具有

优势。

23、Bowman'sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness

A、turnsouttoheanobstacle

B、affectsmenandwomenalike

C、hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D、ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

标准答案：D

知识点解析：最后一段指出，投票测试结果显示，相貌出众的男性完全打败了相貌

平平的男性，而最美貌的女性却总是得到最少的选票。

24、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewsonbeautyareoften

A^practical

prejudiced

C、old-fashioned

D、radical

标准答案：B

知识点解析：人的相貌和本人的能力并没有必然的关系，但文章叙述了人们对相貌

产生的偏见。

25、Theauthorwritesthispassageto

A^discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B、giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C、demandequalrightsforwomen

D、emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章采用对比的方法论述了相貌在就业中的不利方面。

Theideaofpublicworksprojectsasadevicetopreventorcontroldepressionwas

designedasameansofcreatingjobopportunitiesforunemployedworkersandasa

"pumppriming"devicetoaidbusinesstorevive.Itwasconceivedduringtheearlyyears

oftheNewDealEra(1933—1937).By1933,thenumberofunemployedworkershad

reachedabout13million.Thismeantthatabout50millionpeople—aboutone-thirdof

thenation——werewithoutmeansofsupport.Atfirst,directreliefintheformofcashor

foodwasprovidedthesepeople.Thismadethemrecipientsofgovernmentcharity.In

ordertoremovethisstigmaandrestoretotheunemployedsomemeasureof

respectabilityandhumandignity,aplanwasdevisedtocreategovernmentallysponsored

workprojectsthatprivateindustrywouldnotorcouldnotprovide.Thiswouldalso

stimulateproductionandrevivebusinessactivity.Thebestwaytoexplainhow(his

procedureisexpectedtoworkistoexplainhowitactuallyworkedwhenitwasfirsttried.

ThefirstexperimentwithitwasthecreationoftheWorksPrcjectAdministration(WPA).

Thisagencysetupworkprojectsinvariousfieldsinwhichthereweremanyunemployed.

Forexample,unemployedactorswereorganizedintotheaterprojects,orchestraswere

organizedforunemployedmusicians,teachingprojectsforunemployedteachers,and

evenwriters'projectsforunemployedwriters.Unemployedlaborerswereputtowork

buildingormaintainingroads,parks,playgrounds,orpublicbuildings.Thesewereall

temporaryworkreliefprojects—ratherthanpermanentworkopportunities.More

substantialworkprojectsofapermanentnaturewereorganizedbyanotheragency,the

PublicWorksAdministration(PWA).Thisagencyundertooktheplanningof

constructionofschools,houses,postoffices,dams,andotherpublicstructures.Itentered

intocontractswithprivateconstructionfirmstoerectthem,oritloanedmoneytolocalor

stategovernmentswhichundertooktheirconstructions.Thiscreatedmanyjobsinthe

factoriesproducingthematerialaswellasintheprojectsthemselves,andgreatlyreduced

(henumberofunemployed.Stillanotheragencywhichprovidedworkprojectstor(he

unemployedwastheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC).Thisagencyprovidedjob

opportunitiesforyouthsaged16(o20toworkinnationalparksorforestsclearingland,

guardingagainstfires,buildingroads,ordoingotherconservationwork.Intheeventofa

futuredepression,thefederategovernmentmightreviveanyoralloftheabovemethods

torelieveunemploymentandstimulatebusiness.

26、ThePWAdifferedfromtheWPAinthat

A、theworkprojectsoftheformerwerecardedoutbytheFederalGovernment

B、thegovernmentsubsidizedprivateindustry

C、thenumberofunemployedwasreduced

D、theformerwasgovernment'sfirstattempttoendhardshipduetounemployment

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段谈到WP”工作项目管理”部门主要面句失业人员。第三段谈到

PW”公共工作管理”部门主要面向学校、住房、邮局、水坝和其他公共建筑计划，

它资助私人建筑公司或贷款给当地或州政府搞建设。

27、OnemethodofpreventingoralleviatingdepressionNotmentionedbytheauthoris

theuseof

A^(hedole

B、theWPA

theCCC

D^jobsharing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第一段第五句提到“直接救济”，第二段提到WPA机构解决失业，最

后一段提到CCC机构为青年提供就业机会，文中没有提到jobsharing”共同工作”。

28、Theauthorimplies(hat

A、individualsonreliefdonotreceiveenoughmoneytomeetbasicneeds

B、thosewhogetdirectfinancialaidfromthegovernmentsufferalossofhumandignity

C^aidshouldbegivenintheformoffoodsubsidies

D^aprogramof"pumppriiring"isvitalatalltimes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第一段倒数第二句提到，为了洗刷这个肝辱，恢复失根者的尊严和人

格，由政府制订了这个工作项目。

29、Byusingtheexpression"pumppriming"asadescriptionofpublicworksprojects,

theauthorimpliesthatit

A^waspouringmoneydownthedrain

B、loweredhumandignity

C、avoideddirectcharity

D^providedbusinesswithinitialimpetuswhichwouldmakeitselfsufficient

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第一段第一句指出，公共工作项目是作为一种防止和控制萧条的手

段，它为失业者提供工作机会，作为一种“启动泵”来资助商业复苏。与题意相符。

30、Thepassagemainlytalksabout

A、theNewDealEra(1993—1937)

B、theWPAandthePWA

C、apatternforthefuture

D、one-thirdofanation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章围绕控制萧条，促进将来经济复苏采取的措施来讨论。

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabour.

Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,while

womencookedthemealsandlookcareof(hehomeand(hechildren.Theseroleswere

firmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityformenorwomento

exchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men'sandwomen'sroleswere

becominglessfirmlyfixed.Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthe

typicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.The

peopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.The

counterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestin

childcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoung

menandwomenmovedlocommunalhomesorfarmswhere(heeconomicandchildcare

responsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnot

valuethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.Someyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedas

soldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnota

verylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.

Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrial

workersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon"over-time"worksothattheycould

spendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturned

awayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighbourhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen'sliberation,producedadditional

economicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywere

enteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen's

jobssuchaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomen

began(oentertraditionally,maleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,and

constructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesfor

promotion.

31、WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofParagraph1?

A、Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages

B、Men'sandwomen'sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast

C、Men'srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen's

D、Men'sandwomen'sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段第一、二句指出，从前我们很容易从分工界定男女的作用。男

人出外工作挣钱养家，妇女在家做饭照顾家庭和孩子。

32、WhichsentenceisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A、Thefirstsentence

Thesecondandthethirdsentences

C^Thefourthsentence

D、Thelastsentence

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段主要叙述60年代的反传统文化运动，提倡男女分工平等。第

四句概括了本段内容：反文化运动为男人和妇女提供了新的分工选择。

33、Inthepassagetheauthorsuggeststhatthecounterculture

A、destroyedtheUnitedStates

B、changedsomeAmericanvalues

C、wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D、broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段第四句和第三段第二、三句指出，反传统文化运动提倡男女分

工平等，它的影响遍及美国各个领域，男人们开始改变经济和社会生活方式。

34、Itcouldbeinferred1'romthepassagethat

A、menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B、somemenwillbewillingtochangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C、mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeir

wives

D、moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段第四、五句指出，反传统文化运动提倡男女分工平等，男人们

会对照顾孩子感兴趣，和妻子分享抚育子女的任务。第三段第三句指出，不同阶层

的男人们开始改变经济和社会生活方式。

35、Thebesttitleforthearticleis

A、ResultsofFeministMovement

B、NewInfluencesinAmericanLife

C、CountercultureandItsConsequence

D^TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文谈到美国反传统文化和妇女运动对男女分工的影响，这种影响改

变了人们对生活的价值观念。

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversal

butthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwaving

good-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone'sside,orthatin

ItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignof

farewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoouitroopsoccupyingGermany

afterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofind

outthat"Gift"meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketcthinkofourselvesas

friendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm'slengthawayfromothers.Latins

andMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericans

uncomfortable.Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwe

takenoticeof(hedeveloped(astes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,

arelosingourfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.EvenhereintheUnitedStates,

wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsigns

infourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingual

guidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bank

clerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyand

oftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendto

clusterinhotelsandresiaurariswhereEnglishisspoken.Thealtitudesandinformation

wepickupateconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher-whospeakEnglish.

Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation*sdiplomacy,areconductedthrough

interpreters.Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithcultural

blindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryof

thefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.Butallthatispast.American

dollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatour

properroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentof

Americanswantthiscountryloplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewantto

haveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalways

betheupperhand.

36、ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtocloselybyMiddleEasterners

wouldmostprobably

A、standstill

B、jumpaside

C、stepforward

D、drawback

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段指出，美国人喜欢和其他人保持至少3英尺或•臂的距离，身

体互相接触，会使他们不舒服。可见，如果距离太近，美国人会后退。

37、TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericanstortheir

A、culturalse^centeredness

B、casualmanners

C、indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D、arrogancetowardsothercultures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第一段指出，美国人的文化使多数美国人认为自己不但语言全球通

用，使用的手势也能被别人明白，但他们没有意识到这是不正确的。这实际上是一

种自我为中心的观点。

38、IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans

A、areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B、arcnotwellinformedduetothelanguageharrier

C、tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D^needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第五段指出，当美国人出国，由于语言不通，只能呆在可以说英语的

旅馆和饭店中，要获取信息也只能从说英语的本地人得到，做生意和政府外交都要

通过翻译来进行。

39Accordingtotheauthor,Americans'culturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill

A^affect(heirimageinthenewera

B、cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C、limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D、weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第六、七段指出，多年之后，美国和美国人会因为文化愚昧和语言无

知而自食其果。但这一切已经成为过去，美国在世界上的地位正在改变。

40、Theauthor'sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealize

(hat______

A、itisdangeroustoignore(heirforeignfriends

B、itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C、itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D^itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章批评了美国人在文化上的妄自尊大，指出美国人应该了解世界文

化。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A>B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)Trainingisintendedprimarilyfbrtheserviceofsociety;educationisprimarilyfor

theindividual.Societyneedsdoctors,lawyers,engineers,teacherstoperformspecific

tasksnecessarytoitsoperation,justasitneedscarpentersandplumbersand

stenographers(速记员).(41).Andtheseneeds,ourtrainingcenters—the

professionalandtradeschools,fill.Butalthougheducationisfortheimprovementofthe

individual,italsoservessocietybyprovidingaleaveningofmenofunderstanding,of

pcrucplioii,andwisdom.(42).Theyservesocietybyexaminingitsfunuliun,

appraisingitsneeds,andcriticizingitsdirection.Theymayheearningtheirlivingsby

practicingoneoftheprofessions,orinpursuingatrade,orbyengaginginbusiness

enterprise.Theymayberichorpoor.Theymayoccupypositionsofpowerandprestige,

ortheymaybeengagedinsonehumbleemployment.Withoutthem,however,society

eitherdisintegratesorelsebecomesananthill.(43).Intheone,therecruitis

(rainingtobecomeaprofessionalbaseballplayerwhowillmakealivingandserve

societybyplayingbaseball;in(heother,heistrainingonlytoimprovehisownbodyand

musculature.Thetrainingatthebaseballcampisallrelevant.Therecruitmayspend

hourspracticinghowtoslideintosecondbase,notbecauseitisaparticularlyusefulform

ofcalisthenics(柔软体操)hutbecauseitisrelevanttothegame.Theexercisewouldstop

if(heruleswerechangedsothatslidingtoabasewasmadeillegal.Similarly,the

candidatefbrthepitchingstaffspendsalotoftimethrowingabaseball,notbecausei(

willimprovehisphysique—iimayhavequitetheoppositeeffect,butbecausepitchingis

tobehisprincipalfunctionontheteam.Atthegym,exerciseshavenosuchrelevance.

(44).(45).Whatistaughtatlawschoolisthepresentlawoftheland,not

theNapoleonicCodeoreventhearchaiclawsthathavebeenscratchedfromthestatute

hooks.Andatmedicalschool,too,itismodernmedicalpracticethatistaught,whichis

relevanttoconditionstoday.Andtheplumber(水管工人)andthecarpenterandthe

electricianandthemason(泥瓦匠)learnonlywhatisrelevanttothepracticeoftheir

respectivetradesinthisdaywiththetoolsandmaterialsthatarepresentlyavailableand

(halconform(othebuildingcode.A.Educationrefersto(heknowledgeorskillobtained

ordevelopedbyalearningprocess.B.Theyareourintellectualleaders,thecriticsofour

culture,thedefendersofourfreetraditions,theinstigatorsofourprogress.C.The

intentionistostrengthenthebodyingeneral,andwhenthememberssitdownonthe

floorwiththeirlegsoutstretchedandpracticetouchingtheirfingerstotheirtoes,itisnot

becausetheyhopetobecomegalleyslaves,perhapstheonlyoccupationwherethat

particularexercisewouldberelevant.D.Thedifferencebetweenthetwotypesofstudyis

likethedifferencebetweenthedisciplineandexerciseinaprofessionalbasebailtraining

campandthatofagym.E.Trainingsuppliestheimmediateandspecificneedsofsociety

sothattheworkoftheworldmaycontinue.F.Ingeneral,relevancyisafacetoftraining

ratherthanofeducation.G.Trainingistomakeproficientwithspecializedinstruction

andpractice.

41、Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A>B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitinto

eachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyof

thegaps.(10points)Trainingisintendedprimarilyfortheserviceofsociety;educationis

primarilyfortheindividual.Societyneedsdoctors,lawyers,engineers,teachersto

performspecifictasksnecessarytoitsoperationJustasitneedscarpentersandplumbers

andstenographers(速记员).(41).Andtheseneeds,ourtrainingcenters—the

professionalandtradeschools,fill.Butalthougheducationisfortheimprovementofthe

individual,italsoservessocietybyprovidingaleaveningofmenofunderstanding,of

perception,andwisdom.(42).Theyservesocietybyexaminingitsfunction,

appraisingitsneeds,andcriticizingitsdirection.Theymaybeearningtheirlivingsby

practicingoneoftheprofessions,orinpursuingatrade,orbyengaginginbusiness

enterprise.Theymayberichorpoor.Theymayoccupypositionsofpowerandprestige,

ortheymaybeengagedinsomehumbleemployment.Without(hem,however,society

eitherdisintegratesorelsebecomesananthill.(43).Intheone,therecruitis

trainingtobecomeaprofessionalbaseballplayerwhowillmakealivingandserve

societybyplayingbaseball;intheother,heistrainingonlytoimprovehisownbodyand

musculature.Thetrainingat(hebaseballcampisallrelevant.Therecruitmayspend

hourspracticinghowtoslideintosecondbase,notbecauseitisaparticularlyusefulform

ofcalisthenics(柔软体操)butbecauseitisrelevanttothegame.Theexercisewouldstop

iftheruleswerechangedsothatslidingtoabasewasmadeillegal.Similarly,the

candidateforthepitchingstaffspendsalotoftimethrowingabaseball,notbecauseit

willimprovehisphysique—itmayhavequitetheoppositeeffect,butbecausepitchingis

tobehisprincipalfunctionontheteam.Atthegym,exerciseshavenosuchrelevance.

(44).(45).Whatistaughtatlawschoolisthepresentlawoftheland,not

(heNapoleonicCodeoreventhearchaiclawsthathavebeenscratchedfromthestatute

books.Andatmedicalschool,too,itismodernmedicalpractice（hatistaught,whichis

relevanttoconditionstoday.Andtheplumber（水管工人）andthecarpenterandthe

electricianandthemason（泥瓦匠）learnonlywhatisrelevanttothepracticeoftheir

respectivetradesinthisdaywiththetoolsandmateria