Unit 6 Live green 教学课件2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

GrammarUnit6Livegreen外研社版(九年级上册)学习目标01能运用构词法(合成法、派生法)正确完成词汇变形填空。02能运用本课核心句型和词汇，描述生活中常见物品的便利性及其环境问题。新课讲授Lookatthepicture.Whatwasaddedatthebeginningof“happy”tomake”unhappy”?Whatdoes“un-”mean?Presentation构词法派生法合成法转化法定义：在词根(root)的前面加前缀(prefix)、后面加后缀(suffix)构成新词。词根root：单词承载核心词义的基础部分。前缀prefix：放在词根前，主要改变词义，大多不改变词性（少数特例en‑可改变词性）。后缀suffix：放在词根后，主要改变词性，词义做小幅调整。派生法三种派生构成模式：

前缀+词根：dis‑+agree→disagree

词根+后缀：teach+‑er→teacher

前缀+词根+后缀：un‑+forget+‑able→unforgettable（1）表否定、相反前缀用法说明例词（原词→派生词）un‑可加在adj./v./n.前，表否定、相反happy→unhappy不开心的；fair→unfair不公平的dis‑表否定、相反、除去agree→disagree不同意；appear→disappear消失im‑用于p‑/b‑/m‑开头单词前possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不礼貌的il‑只用于l‑开头单词前legal→illegal非法的；logical→illogical不合逻辑的ir‑只用于r‑开头单词前regular→irregular不规则的；responsible→irresponsible不负责的in‑通用否定前缀（除l/r/b/m/p）active→inactive不活跃的；correct→incorrect不正确的mis‑错误地、不好地understand→misunderstand误解；lead→mislead误导non‑无、非non‑smoking禁止吸烟的；nonsense胡言乱语1.Prefixes（前缀）（2）表时间、先后顺序（3）表数量前缀含义例词re‑再次、重新rewrite重写；rebuild重建；review复习pre‑预先、在……之前preview预习；pre‑war战前的post‑在……之后post‑war战后；postgraduate研究生fore‑预先，在前forecast预测；forehead前额前缀含义例词bi‑二，双bicycle自行车；bilingual双语的multi‑多multicultural多元文化；multimedia多媒体kilo‑千kilogram千克；kilometre千米semi‑半semi‑final半决赛tri‑三triangle三角形（4）表位置、程度、关系前缀含义例词sub‑在下；次于subway地铁；subtitle副标题super‑超级，过度supermarket超市；superpower超级大国tele‑远程telephone电话；television电视trans‑跨越、转换transport运输；translate翻译inter‑相互，在……之间international国际的；Internet互联网anti‑反对、对抗anti‑war反战的auto‑自己，自动automatic自动的over‑超过，过度overwork过度工作；overcome克服（5）特殊前缀（可以改变词性）：

en‑：加在adj./n.前，构成动词，“使……”。例：large(adj.)→enlarge(v.)扩大；able(adj.)→enable(v.)使能够。（1）形容词后缀（名词/动词→形容词）2.Suffixes（后缀）后缀含义功能例词‑able/‑ible可……的，能够……的avoidable可避免的；acceptable可接受的；possible可能的‑ful充满……的helpful有帮助的；hopeful满怀希望的；peaceful和平的‑less无……的（否定含义）hopeless无望的；careless粗心的；homeless无家可归的‑al与……有关的national国家的；natural自然的；cultural文化的‑ous充满……的dangerous危险的；famous著名的；curious好奇的‑y多……的（多用于天气）rainy下雨的；windy刮风的；snowy下雪的‑ic与……相关的energetic精力充沛的；historic历史的（2）名词后缀（动词/形容词→名词）后缀含义功能例词‑er/‑or做某事的人/工具器物worker工人；teacher教师；actor演员；visitor参观者‑ist……专家；……主义者scientist科学家；artist艺术家；journalist记者‑ian/‑an某国人；精通……的人musician音乐家；Asian亚洲人‑ee动作承受者employer雇主‑employee雇员；refugee难民‑ment行为、结果状态develop→development发展；agree→agreement同意‑tion/‑sion行为、过程、结果educate→education教育；decide→decision决定‑ness形容词变名词，性质状态kind→kindness善良；happy→happiness幸福；dark→darkness黑暗‑ity/‑ty性质、特征similar→similarity相似；real→reality现实；diverse→diversity多样性‑hood时期、境遇childhood童年；neighbourhood街区‑ship关系、身份、品质friendship友谊；relationship关系‑th性质、状态long→length长度；warm→warmth温暖；strong→strength力量（3）副词后缀（4）动词后缀后缀含义功能例词‑ly形容词变副词quick→quickly快速地；careful→carefully仔细地‑ward(s)表方向forward(s)向前；westward(s)向西后缀含义功能例词‑en使……；变得……（adj.→v.）wide→widen拓宽；bright→brighten使明亮；strong→strengthen加强‑ise/‑ize……化；做……real→realize意识到；apology→apologize道歉‑ify/‑fy使成为；……化simple→simplify简化；class→classify分类合成法定义：把两个或多个独立单词组合在一起，构成新单词，叫合成法。构成形式：①直接连写；②加连字符“-”；③分开书写（两个独立单词）。主要分为：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词/代词四大类。1.合成名词①形容词+名词例：black+board→blackboard黑板；green+house→greenhouse温室②名词+名词例：class+room→classroom教室；book+store→bookstore书店③动词-ing+名词例：reading+room→readingroom阅览室；running+water→runningwater自来水④动词+名词例：play+ground→playground操场；wash+room→washroom洗手间⑤动词+副词例：get+together→get‑together聚会；take+away→take‑away外卖2.合成形容词①数词‑名词‑ed（表具备……特征，名词单数）例：one‑sided片面的；单方面的、four‑wheeled四轮的②

数词‑名词（表度量：年龄、时间、距离，名词单数，无‑ed）例：five‑year‑old五岁的、ten‑minute十分钟的、two‑hour两小时的③名词‑形容词（描绘属性）例：world‑wide全世界的、duty‑free免税的、nation‑wide全国的④名词‑v.‑ing（主动含义：名词发出该动作）例：peace‑loving热爱和平的、eye‑catching引人注目的、heart‑warming暖心的⑤名词‑v.‑ed（被动含义：名词承受该动作）例：man‑made人造的、home‑made自制的、state‑owned国有的3.合成动词①名词+动词例：sleep+walk→sleepwalk梦游；sun+bathe→sunbathe日光浴②形容词+动词例：dry+clean→dry‑clean干洗；white+wash→whitewash粉刷4.合成代词&合成副词例：every+one→everyone每个人；some+body→somebody某人any+thing→anything任何事物；how+ever→however然而定义：又叫零派生，不添加前缀、后缀，同一个单词直接改变

词性，构成新词。单词拼写不变，词性、词义发生变化。核心：拼写不变，词性转换。常见转化方向：名词⇋动词；形容词⇋动词；名词⇋形容词转化法1.名词转化为动词name(n.名字/v.命名)；water(n.水/v.浇水)；hand(n.手/v.传递)book(n.书/v.预订)；face(n.脸/v.面对)；nurse(n.护士

/v.护理)例：What’syourname?你叫什么名字？

TheynamedthedogLucky.他们给这只狗取名叫Lucky。2.动词转化为名词look(v.看/n.神情；一瞥)；walk(v.散步；走/n.散步)；dream(v.做梦/n.梦想)swim(v.游泳/n.游泳)例：Pleaselookattheblackboard.请看黑板。Shegavemeastrangelook.她给了我一个奇怪的眼神。3.形容词转化为动词empty(adj.空的/v.倒空；腾空)；warm(adj.温暖的/v.使温暖；变暖)；calm(adj.平静的/v.使平静；使镇定)；narrow(adj.狭窄的/v.使变窄)例：Thisroadisnarrow.这条路很窄。Thepathnarrowsahead.前方小路变窄。5Readthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandsummarisethegrammarrules.(a)Itquicklyreplacedwoodandothernaturalmaterials.(b)Evenhumansareeatingplasticwaste!(c)

Plasticmakeslifeeasierformanypeople,yetitbrings

long-lastingtroublestoourplanet.派生法转化法合成法Nowfindmoreexample(s)ofeachtypeinthereadingpassage.派生法：natural,environmental,surprisingly,certainly,slowly,quietly,wisely转化法：name,cause,mistake合成法：toothbrushPractice6Completethesentenceswiththerulesofwordformation.1.Thefactory’s__________(pollute)iscausingharmtotheenvironment.2.Thewaterispolluted.Itis________(safe)todrink.3.Electronic________(waste)isalso_________(harm)totheenvironment.4.Theburningofoilforenergyisoneofthemaincausesof___________(green,house)gases.pollutionunsafewasteharmfulgreenhouse7Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtojointwowordsintheboxtogethertoformanewword.polluteusedayharmeasyeveryinventCars:achangingstoryIntheearly20thcentury,carswerewelcomedasaveryuseful1_________.Theyhelpedpeopletravelmore2_______andquickly.Overtheyears,carshavebecomea(n)3__________needformanyfamilies.inventioneasilyeverydaypolluteusedayharmeasyeveryinventHowever,wecannowseethatcarscauseproblems.Carsproduce4________gasesthatpollutetheair.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),roadtravel,mainlycars,buses,taxisandtrucks,producesabout15%oftheworld’sCO2emissions.The5__________causedbycarshasbecomeaseriousdangertotheenvironment.Ascar6________continuestogrow,peoplearedevelopingcarsthatusenewkindsofenergy.Today,electriccarsareseenasanimportantpartofagreenerfuture.harmfulpollutionuseProduction8Workinpairs.Discussaneverydaythingthatisusefulbutcausesenvironmentalproblems.UsethewordsandexpressionsfromthereadingpassageandtheUsefulexpressionstohelpyou....wasconsidered/called...Since...,...hasbecomeadangerto...Manypeoplebelieved......iscausingproblems.Wecanfind...in......doesn’tsolvetheproblem.Wecannowseethat...cause(s)problems.Itproduces...thatcause(s)...It’sdisposablechopsticks.Theyarecheapandconvenient.Peopledon’tneedtowashthem.Theyaremadefromwood,sopeoplecutdownmanytreestomakethem.Thisdestroysforestsandharmswildlife.Italsomakestheenvironmen