高级英语第五课

Lesson5SpeechonHitler'sInvasionoftheU.S.S.R.

Lesson5ChurchillBriefintroductiontothetext

StructureFigureofspeechChurchillSirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill(30November1874-24January1965)wasa

BritishPolitician

and

statesman

knownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheWWII.Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatwartimeleaders.Heservedas

PrimeMinister

twice(1940-1945and1951-1955).Anotedstatesmanandorator,ChurchillwasalsoanofficerintheBritishArmy,a

historian,a

writer,andanartist.Todate,heistheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohavereceivedthe

NobelPrizeinLiterature,andthefirstpersontoberecognizedasan

honorarycitizenoftheUnitedStatePolitics1900…ConservativeMP(MembersofParliament)

forOldham

奥尔汉姆保守党下院议员1906…Under-SecretaryofState副国务卿（或国务次卿）1908…PresidentoftheBoardofTrade.贸易大臣（贸易委员会主席）1910...HomeSecretary内政大臣1911…FirstLordoftheAdmiralty英国海军大臣1912…RoyalNavalAirService&AirDepartment英国海军航空队（RNAS）1915…ChancelloroftheDuchyofLancaster兰卡斯特公爵郡大臣1919...MinisterofWarandAir战争与航空大臣1921…ColonialSecretary殖民地大臣PoliticsDefeatedbyE.D.MorelatDundee(敦提，英国苏格兰东部港市)in1922GeneralElectionSuccessfullyelectedtorepresentEppinginthe1924GeneralElectionStanleyBaldwin,theleaderofthenewConservativeadministration,appointedChurchillasChancelloroftheExchequerIn1929,ChurchilllostofficeEisenhowerandChurchillStalin,RooseveltandChurchill(ThetroikaofWWII)

艾森豪威尔与丘吉尔斯大林，罗斯福和丘吉尔AProlificWriterChurchillwasalsoaprolificwriterofbooks,writinganovel,twobiographies,threevolumesofmemoirs,andseveralhistoriesinadditiontohismanynewspaperarticles.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureforhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues.Hismostfamousworkwasthesix-volumememoirTheSecondWorldWarwhichbroughthisinternationalfametonewheight.literatureChurchill'sliterarycareerbeganwithcampaignreports:TheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce(1898)andTheRiverWar(1899)1900,hepublishedhisonlynovel,Savrola1906,hisfirstmajorwork,thebiographyofhisfather,LordRandolphChurchill

1933-1938,hisotherfamousbiography,thelifeofhisgreatancestor,TheDukeofMarlborough1923-1929,Churchill'shistoryoftheFirstWorldWarTheWorldCrisis1930,anautobiographicalaccountofhisyouth,MyEarlyLife1948-1953/54,hismemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar1956-1958,HistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoplesHismagnificentoratory:TheUnrelentingStruggle(1942),

TheDawnofLiberation

(1945),andVictory(1946).Briefintroduction

OnJune22,1941,asHitlerstartedanundeclaredwaragainstRussia,Churchillworkedonaspeechtobebroadcasttothewholeworld.Inthespeech,hedenouncedtheNaziregimeasmostwicked,causingunprecedenteddeathanddestructioninthehumanhistory.NowitinvadedRussia,andtheRussiansoldiersweremakingalife-or-deathattempttofightagainsttheGermans.Thiswasacrucialpoint.AndhedeclaredtheBritishGovernment’spolicy,thatis,todestroyHitlerandeveryvestigeoftheNaziregime.Therefore,hecalledonalltheirfriendsandalliestouniteandfighttogether.Churchillpointedoutthatthis,however,wasonlyapreludetoaninvasionofBritain.Thus,thedangerofRussiawasthatofBritain.United,theantifascistcountrieswouldsurvive;separated,theywouldbestruckdownonebyone.ThemeThisisaspeechthatChurchillappealedallpeoplesintheworldtounittofightagainstNaziregime.Thespeechinspiredthepeoplewhoweresufferingalotinthewar.Argumentation

ThistextisapieceofArgumentation,whichisdifferentfromExpositioninitspurpose.ThepurposeofExpositionistoinformandexplainandtheauthorappealstoreaders’understandingwithverifiablefactsandvalidinformation,whilethepurposeofargumentation,ontheotherhand,istoconvince.Anargumentativeessaytriestomakethereaderagreewithhispointofviewandsupportit,andtopersuadehimtochangehismindorbehaviorandtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes.Speechesonpolicies,editorialsonnewspapers,articlesonpoliticalortheoreticalquestions,andvariousproposalsareoftenargumentative.Butargumentationfrequentlymakesuseoftheotherthreetypesofwritings---description,narrationandaboveallexposition,forargumentationandexpositionarecloselyrelated.Inaword,argumentationisactuallyexpositionwiththeadditionalpurposeofconvincingandpersuading.StructureofthistextPartI(1-6paragraph):apieceof

narration

:

BackgroundofthespeechPartII(7-lastparagraph):thespeechanargumentorpersuasionThreesectionsSection1:(7-9)Inthisbroadcast…horrorsuponmankindScenarioonbothsidesoftheborder.Toarouseemotion.Section2:(10-11)Ihavetodeclarethe…indeterminationandinresources.Whatweshoulddo.Section3:(12-13)Thisisnotime…lifeandpowerremain.Furtherpersuasion,toconvincetheaudienceofthejustificationofthedecision.Figureofspeechinthistext1.Simile&metaphor1)8thparagraph,“ploddingonlikeaswarmofcrawlinglocusts”2)10thparagraph,“wehaveridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisyoke.”2.Alliteration1)Inthe8thparagraph,“Iseealsothedull,drilled,docile…”2)8th:withitsclanking,heel-clicking...3)Inthelastparagraph,“hishearthandhome…”3.Repetition10th:Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurposenothingwillturnus---nothingWewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclara