雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Principles of Education（北京航空航天大学）》单元测试考核答案

PrinciplesofEducation第1题Thehistoryofpedagogyasabodyofknowledgeismuchlongerthanitshistoryasanindependentacademicdiscipline.()第2题Pedagogycameintobeingwiththeemergenceofhumansocietyanddevelopsalongwithit.()第3题TaoXingzhistudiedunderJohnDeweyandputforwardthelifeeducationtheory,whichincludesthreearguments:Educationislife,educationisgrowth,andeducationis"experiencereconstruction".()第4题Pedagogyinitsindependentformemergedalongwithmodernschooleducationcharacterizedmainlybytheclassteachingsystem.()第5题FrancisBaconwasthefirsttoproposethatpedagogyshouldbeanindependentdiscipline.()第6题Thefirsteducatorinthehistoryofworldeducationtoclearlyputforward"thepsychologizationofeducation"is()AHerbartBPestalozziCComeniusDKant第7题Whichofthefollowingistheworkofthefamous19th-centuryeducatorJohnDewey?()A《DidacticaMagna》B《DemocracyandEducation》C《Emile》D《SomeThoughtsConcerningEducation》第8题Acertainpedagogicalschoolholdsthateducationisthecontinuousgrowthofstudents’individualexperience,andeducationshouldhavenootherpurposes.Thisschoolis()AInstitutionalPedagogyBExperimentalPedagogyCCriticalPedagogyDPragmatistPedagogy第9题Thepedagogicalschoolthatfocusesontherelationshipbetweenknowledge,powerandideologyis()APragmatistPedagogyBCriticalPedagogyCExperimentalPedagogyDCulturalPedagogy第10题AccordingtoMarxisteducationaltheory,thefundamentalmotiveforceofhumandevelopmentis()AEducationalinfluenceBInternalfactorsCPracticalactivitiesDEnvironmentalinfluence第11题Attheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury,thepedagogicaltheoryfoundedbyGermaneducatorsMeumannandLayis()ACulturalPedagogyBCriticalPedagogyCScientificPedagogyDExperimentalPedagogy第12题ThemaintheoreticaldemonstrationmethodadoptedinComenius’《DidacticaMagna》is()AEmpiricaldescriptionBPhilosophicalspeculationCNaturalanalogyDScientificexperiment第13题Kailov’s《Pedagogy》onceexertedaprofoundinfluenceoneducationaltheoryandpracticeinChina.Themainfeatureofitsideologyis()AAttachingimportancetointellectualdevelopmentandcreativitycultivationBEmphasizingtheoptimizationoftheteachingprocessCExplainingtheteachingprocesswithpsychologyDEmphasizingsystematicknowledgelearningandtheleadingroleofteachers第14题ThephilosopherknownasGreece’s"encyclopedicphilosopher"is()AQuintilianBSocratesCAristotleDPlato第15题Accordingtothecriteriaofempiricalscience,theresearchtaskofscientificpedagogyis()ATostudyeducationalpracticeandsolvepracticalproblemsBTodescribeeducationalphenomenaandrevealeducationallawsCTorevealeducationallawsandestablisheducationalidealsDTointerpreteducationallawsandstandardizeeducationalbehaviors第1题Educationisaspontaneousactivitythatguideseducateestolearnactivelyandengageinself-educationsoastopromotetheirphysicalandmentaldevelopment.()第2题Thetheologicalorigintheoryofeducationconfuseshumaneducationalbehaviorwithanimalnurturingbehavior,failingtograspthesocialityandpurposivenessofhumaneducationalactivities.()第3题Dewey’sso-calledintrinsicaimofeducationreferstotheaimwithintheeducationalprocessitself.()第4题ThetheoreticalfoundationofChina’ssocialisteducationalaimissocial-orientedtheory.()第5题Educationinthenarrowsensereferstoschooleducation.()第6题Theviewthateducationis"aninevitablebehaviorrootedininstinct"belongsto().ABiologicalorigintheoryBPsychologicalorigintheoryCLabororigintheoryDTheologicalorigintheory第7题Themostfundamentalcontradictionineducationliesbetween().AEducatorsandeducatesBEducateesandeducationalcontentCEducateesandeducationalmeansDEducatorsandeducationalcontent第8题TheFrenchsociologistÉdouardLetourneauarguedthateducationalactivitiesexistnotonlyinhumansocietybutalsobeyondhumansociety,evenintheanimalkingdom.Thistheoryis().AThetheologicalorigintheoryofeducationBThebiologicalorigintheoryofeducationCThepsychologicalorigintheoryofeducationDThelabororigintheoryofeducation第9题TheAmericaneducatorFrancisParkerheld:"The√aimofalleducationishumanbeing—theharmoniousdevelopmentofhumanbody,mindandsoul."Thisviewofeducationalaimsbelongsto().AIndividual-orientedTheoryBSocial-orientedTheoryCCulture-orientedTheoryDLife-orientedTheory第10题InclassicMarxistworks,thebasicconnotationofall-roundhumandevelopmentrefersto().AAll-rounddevelopmentofindividualpersonalityBAll-rounddevelopmentofhumanlaborcapacityCAll-roundphysicalandmentaldevelopmentDAll-rounddevelopmentofmorality,intelligenceandphysicalfitness第11题Aparentbelievesthatthecurrentschoolacademicburdenistooheavy,worryingthatitwillhinderthedevelopmentofchildren’screativityandcriticalthinkingability,sohedecidestoteachhischildrenathomepersonally.Thisexampleillustratesthatschooleducationhas().APositivemanifestfunctionBNegativemanifestfunctionCPositivelatentfunctionDNegativelatentfunction第12题Oneoftheimportantachievementsofthedevelopmentofmoderneducationintheworldistheimplementationof().ACompensatoryeducationBCompulsoryeducationCLifelongeducationDRecurrenteducation第13题"Educationisaninnateratherthanacquiredformofexpressionadaptedtoracialneedsandraciallife;itrequiresnodeliberatedeliberationtoariseandnoscientificguidance.Itisaninevitablebehaviorrootedininstinct."Thistheoryoftheoriginofeducationbelongsto().AThetheologicaloriginBThebiologicalorigintheoryCThepsychologicalorigintheoryDThelabororigintheory第14题HerbartbelievedthatRousseaurequiredanadulttoaccompanyachildforalongtimeanddevoteallhistimeandenergy,andthecostofsucheducationwastoohigh.ThisshowsthatHerbartdisapprovedof().AIndividualeducationBSchooleducationCFamilyeducationDNationaleducationChapter3Homework第1题Populationsizedeterminesthepotentialscaleofeducation,andpopulationgrowthratedeterminestheproperpaceofeducationaldevelopment.()第2题Thattheselectionofeducationalcontentisrestrictedbysocialdevelopmentneedsisnotamanifestationoftherelativeindependenceofeducation.()第3题Educationisoffundamental,guidingandoverallsignificanceinChina’ssocialistmodernizationdrive.()第4题Productiveforcesdeterminethedevelopmentofeducation.()第5题Thateducationboostsindividuals’upwardsocialmobilityindicateseducationhasrelativeindependence.()第6题Schoolsorganizeteachersandstudentstocarryoutenvironmentaleducationandpublicityincommunities,whichreflectseducation’s().AEcologicalfunctionBEconomicfunctionCCulturalfunctionDPoliticalfunction第7题Whichofthefollowingreflectstherelativeindependenceofeducation?()AEducationemergeswithhumanityandperisheswithhumanity.BDespiteconstantwarsintheWarringStatesPeriod,thereemergedapeakofeducationalideologicaltrends—theContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought.CIndifferenthistoricalstagesofthesamesociety,educationdiffersinnature,purposeandcontent.DEducationunderdifferentsocialformshasitsowncharacteristics.第8题Whichofthefollowingshowsthatsocialdevelopmentrestrictseducationaldevelopment?()ARuralschoolsareshrinkinginscalewhileurbanschoolsareexpandingcontinuously.BTheCOVID‑19pandemichaspromptedschoolsworldwidetoadoptblendedteaching.CPositiveinteractionbetweeneducationalequityandeducationalquality.DGrowingtensionamongstudentsinacademiccompetition.第9题WiththedevelopmentofurbanizationinChina,fewerschool‑agechildrenattendruralprimaryschools,andsomeschoolsevenstruggletostayopen.Thedirectcauseofthissituationis().APopulationfluctuationBPopulationstructureCPopulationqualityDPopulationmobility第10题Somescholarsemphasizethateducationshouldbeconductedinaccordancewiththeinherentcharacteristicsofanation.Thisviewreflects().ATheinfluenceandrestrictionofpoliticalsystemsoneducationBTheinfluenceandrestrictionofproductiveforcesoneducationCTheinfluenceandrestrictionofcultureoneducationDTheinfluenceandrestrictionofeconomicsystemsoneducation第11题Attheendofthe20thcentury,tomeetthechallengesoftheknowledge‑basedeconomy,Chinabegantoattachspecialimportanceto().ACultivatingstudents’innovativespiritandpracticalabilitiesBEnablingstudentstofullymasterbasicknowledgeandbasicskillsCDevelopingvocationaleducationDBalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation第12题Whichofthefollowingphenomenaillustratesthateducationpromotessocialdevelopment?()ATheclass‑teachingsystemfacilitatesuniversalcompulsoryeducation.BThestudentdevelopmentguidancesystempromotesstudents’academic,career,personalityandsocialdevelopment.CUniversalcompulsoryeducationmeetsthelaborforcedemandsoflarge‑scalemachineproductiontoacertainextent.DRigidinstitutionalizededucationcausessocietytorejectschoolgraduates.第13题Thehumancapitaltheoryholdsthathumancapitalisthekeytoeconomicgrowthandeducationisanimportantforceinforminghumancapital.Themajordefectofthistheoryis().AItoverstatestheroleofeducationinhumancapital.BItignoresothersocialfunctionsofeducation.CIttendstowardeducationalomnipotence.DItneglectsotherscreeningcriteriainthelabormarket.Chapter4Homework第1题Behavioristpsychologysupportstheviewpointofexternalism.()第2题Thefundamentalreasonwhyeducationcanpromotechildren’sdevelopmentliesinthestagednatureofchildren’sdevelopment.()第3题Inoneclass,somestudentsareactive,somearequiet;somearegoodatrationalthinking,othersatfigurativethinking.Inresponse,teachersshould()inteachingandeducation.()APromotestudents’physicalandmentaldevelopmentstepbystepBSeizethecriticalperiodtobooststudents’healthydevelopmentCTeachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitudetopromotetheirfulldevelopmentDImplementall‑roundeducationtofosterstudents’harmoniousdevelopment第4题Psychologistsputforwardtheconceptofcriticalperiodoroptimalperiodofdevelopment,whichillustratesthe()ofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment.()AUnevennessBComplementarityCIndividualdifferencesDSubjectiveinitiative第5题Socratesusedironytomakethosewhothoughttheyknewrealizetheirignorance,andthemaieutics(midwiferymethod)tohelpthosewhothoughttheywereignorantdiscoverknowledge.Theeducationaltraditionhefoundedtendstosupport()regardingmajorfactorsinfluencinghumandevelopment.()AEnvironmentaldeterminismBHereditydeterminismCInnatedeterminismDEnvironmentalshapingtheory第6题Metaphorizingeducationas“gardening”,studentsas“flowersofthemotherland”,andteachersas“gardeners”,peopleholdingthisviewtendtosupportthe()regardingfactorsinfluencinghumanphysicalandmentaldevelopment.()AHereditydeterminismBMaturationtheoryCEnvironmentaldeterminismDTheoryofinteractionbetweeninternalandexternalfactors第7题Humandevelopmentisalwaysrestrictedbysociety,whichmeansthat().()AEducationshouldadheretothesocial‑orientedvalueorientationBTheformulationofeducationalaimsshouldnotstartfromindividualsCEducationshouldfullytaketheneedsofsocialdevelopmentintoaccountDEducationshouldpreparepeopleforsociallife第8题BasedonthepracticeofSummerhillSchool,A.S.Neillbelievedthatundernaturalgrowthconditions,whenchildren’sself‑needsarefullysatisfied,theiregocentrismwillturnintoaltruismandnaturalcareforothers.Thisviewrelatestothe()ofindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment.()AUnevennessBSequentialityCIndividualdifferencesDStagednature第9题Blattandotherresearchersfoundthatinpeer‑groupcommunication,childrentendtorejectmoralreasoningfrompeersatalowerstageofmoraldevelopment,understandandassimilatemoralreasoningfrompeersonestageabovetheirown,butcannotacceptmoralreasoningfrompeerstwoormorestageshigher.Thisfindingindicatesthatchildren’smoralcognitivedevelopmenthas().()AUnevenness,stagednature,individualdifferencesBStagednature,sequentiality,individualdifferencesCSequentiality,unevenness,stagednatureDIndividualdifferences,sequentiality,unevenness第10题Educationalpracticeneedstoproceedstepbystep,mainlybasedonchildren’sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentcharacteristicsof().()AIndividualdifferencesandstagednatureBIndividualdifferencesandsequentialityCUnevennessandindividualdifferencesDStagednatureandsequentiality第11题Intheprocessofanindividual’sdevelopment,someaspectsreacharelativelyhighlevelatanearlyage,whileothersmatureonlyatanolderage.Thisreflectsthe()ofhumanphysicalandmentaldevelopment.()AStagednatureBSequentialityCIndividualdifferencesDUnevennessChapter5Homework第1题Intermsofform,China’sschoolsystembelongstothesingle‑tracksystem.()第2题Comparedwiththesingle‑tracksystem,thedual‑tracksystemismoreconducivetotheprogressivepopularizationofeducation.()第3题Thebasiccomponentsofaschoolsystemareschooltypes,levelsandstructures.()第4题China’scurrentschoolsystemisabranchedschoolsystem.()第5题Allstudentsstudywithinthesameschoolsystem,withschoolsatalllevelsfromprimaryschooltouniversityinterconnecteD.Thisisafeatureof().()ASingle‑tracksystemBThree‑tracksystemCDual‑tracksystemDBranchedschoolsystem第6题Intermsofhierarchicalstructure,China’scurrentschooleducationconsistsoffourlevels:preschooleducation,(),secondaryeducationandhighereducation.()AEarlychildhoodeducationBPrimaryschooleducationCPrimaryeducationDVocationaleducation第7题Asystemthatdefinesthenature,tasks,admissionrequirements,lengthofschoolingandrelationshipsofalltypesofschoolsatalllevelsinacountryiscalled().ASchooldistrictBLearninginstitutionCSchoolsystemDAcademyofclassicallearning第8题InLearningtoBe:TheWorldofEducationTodayandTomorrow,UNESCOproposesthatthekeytobuildingalearningsocietyliesin().ADevelopingadulteducationBReformingformaleducationCImplementinglifelongeducationDPromotingrecurrenteducation第9题Thedual‑trackschoolsystemoriginatedinWesternEuropeinthe18th‑19thcenturies,withoneacademictrackandonevocationaltrack.Whichdescriptionofitsformationiscorrect?()ABothtracksoriginatedfromhighereducationanddevelopedtop‑down.BBothtracksoriginatedfromprimaryeducationanddevelopedbottom‑up.CTheacademictrackdevelopedtop‑down,whilethevocationaltrackdevelopedbottom‑up.DTheacademictrackdevelopedbottom‑up,whilethevocationaltrackdevelopedtop‑down.第10题InWesternEuropeduringthe18th‑19thcenturies,againstthebackgroundofsocial,politicalandeconomicdevelopmentaswellasspecifichistoricalandculturalconditions,adual‑trackschoolsystemmarkedbyhierarchicalprivilegesgraduallytookshape.The“twotracks”referto().AThevocationalschoolsystemandthegeneralschoolsystemBThepublicschoolsystemandtheprivateschoolsystemCThecompulsoryeducationsystemandthenon‑compulsoryeducationsystemDTheuniversity‑secondaryschoolsystemandtheprimary‑vocationalschoolsystem第11题TheEducationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinastipulatesthatthestateimplementsaschooleducationsystem.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?()AVocationaleducationisnotpartoftheschooleducationsystem.BPreschooleducationispartoftheschooleducationsystem.CTheschooleducationsystemispromulgatedandimplementedbytheNationalPeople’sCongress.DTheschooleducationsystemisnotabasicnationaleducationsystem.第12题InChina’smodernschoolsystem,middleschoolsaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtodifferenttrainingobjectivesinto().ALiberal‑artsmiddleschools,sciencemiddleschoolsandreal‑subjectmiddleschoolsBGeneralmiddleschools,vocationalmiddleschoolsandcomprehensivemiddleschoolsCGeneralmiddleschools,keymiddleschoolsandcharacteristicmiddleschoolsDLiberal‑artsmiddleschools,real‑subjectmiddleschoolsandvocationalmiddleschools第13题Thecorecomponentofaneducationsystemis().AEducationmanagementsystemBNationaleducationsystemCCompulsoryeducationsystemDSchooleducationsystem第14题AccordingtotheEducationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(1995),China’sschooleducationsystemincludes().AFamilyeducation,schooleducation,socialeducationandadulteducationBPreschooleducation,primaryeducation,secondaryeducationandhighereducationCGeneraleducation,specialeducation,professionaleducationandvocationaleducationDPrimaryeducation,secondaryeducation,highereducationandlifelongeducationChapter6Homework第1题Theprincipleofintuitiveteachingmeansthatteachersshouldactivelymobilizestudents’multiplesensesandexistingexperiencetohelpthemacquiredirectexperienceandperceptualknowledge.()第2题Themaindifferencebetweenformativeassessmentandsummativeassessmentliesindifferentassessmentmethods.()第3题Advocatesofthelearner‑centeredcurriculumtheorytendtochoosetheinquiry‑basedteachingmodel.()第4题Streamingdividesstudentsinaclassbyability,witheachgroupcompletingthesameschoolworkatdifferentpaces.()第5题InthehistoryofEasternandWesterneducation,thethinkerswhofirstputforwardtheterm"curriculum"are().AMenciusandComeniusBKongYingdaandComeniusCMenciusandSpencerDKongYingdaandSpencer第6题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutessentialismcurriculumtheoryisincorrect?()AThepurposeofthecurriculumistopromotestudents’perceptualdevelopmentBTaking"commonculturalelementsofmankind"ascurriculumcontentCEmphasizingthelogicalorganizationofsubjectcurriculaandtextbooksDFormulatingstrictacademicachievementevaluationstandards第7题ThecurriculumtypeofancientChinese"SixArts"andancientGreek"SevenLiberalArts"is().ASubjectcurriculumBActivitycurriculumCIntegratedcurriculumDHiddencurriculum第8题Whenteachingtheperiodictableofelements,achemistryteachersharedthestoryofMendeleevdiscoveringtheperiodiclawofchemicalelementswithstudentsandencouragedthemtoexploretruthbravelyanddiscoverthemysteriesofchemistry.Theteachingprinciplefollowedbytheteacheris().ATheprincipleofintegratingtheorywithpracticeBTheprincipleofunifyingideologicalnatureandscientificnatureCTheprincipleofintuitivenessDTheprincipleofelicitation第9题Studiesshowthatindividualdifferencesexistinhumandevelopment.Educationalmeasuresthatfullyrespectandutilizesuchdevelopmentalcharacteristicsinclude().AClassteaching,groupcooperativelearning,individualtutoringBIndividualtutoring,stratifiedteaching,classteachingCTratifiedteaching,classteaching,groupcooperativelearningDIndividualtutoring,stratifiedteaching,groupcooperativelearning第10题Whichofthefollowingarecurriculum‑relatedconceptsdividedaccordingtothesameclassificationdimension?()ACorrelatedcurriculum,fusedcurriculum,broad‑fieldscurriculumBSubjectcurriculum,activitycurriculum,integratedcurriculumCCompulsorycurriculum,electivecurriculum,activitycurriculumDBasiccurriculum,extendedcurriculum,research‑orientedcurriculum第11题Brunerstated,“Anyknowledgeofanysubjectcanbetaughttoanychildatanystageinanintellectuallyhonestway.”Thisviewbelongsto().AEssentialismcurriculumtheoryBEmpiricismcurriculumtheoryCStructuralismcurriculumtheoryDSocialreconstructionismcurriculumtheory第12题Tyler’scurriculumdevelopmentprinciplemainlyemphasizes().ATheleadingroleofcurriculumobjectivesBAdministrators’supervisionovercurriculaCTeachers’redevelopmentofcurriculaDStudents’evaluationofcurricula第13题ThecoreoftraditionaleducationalthoughtsrepresentedbyHerbartisgenerallysummarizedastextbook‑centered,classroom‑centeredand().ATeacher‑centeredBSchool‑centeredCStudent‑centeredDActivity‑centeredChapter7Homework第1题Theteacher‑studentrelationshipisaspecialsocialrelationshipformedthrough“teaching”and“learning”,anditisthemostbasicinterpersonalrelationshipinschools.()第2题Teachersshouldexertinfluencenotonlyinclassandatschoolbutalsoconducthomevisitstocoordinateeducationalinfluencesfromschool,familyandsociety.Thisreflectsthelong‑termnatureofteachers’work.()第3题Hutchinsisaneducatorwhotendstoadvocatethe“student‑centeredtheory”inteacher‑studentrelationships.()第4题Practicalknowledgefallswithinthecategoryofappliedscience.()第5题Practicalteachingknowledgeisatypeofknowledgeexclusivetotheteachergroup.()第6题()referredtoteachersas“engineersofhumansouls”.()AComeniusBSukhomlinskyCKalininDMakarenko第7题Thecoreofateacher’simageis().AMoralimageBPhysicalappearanceCPersonalityimageDCulturalimage第8题BesidesteachingChinese,ateacheroftenprovideslifeandpsychologicalguidanceforstudents,andorganizesextracurricularactivitiesandsocialpractice.Thisshowsthattheteacheractsnotonlyasaknowledgetransmitterandnurturerofstudents’souls,butalsoasa().ALearnerBEducationaladministratorCResearcherDParentalsubstitute第9题Ascho