湖南长沙市天心区2026-2027学年八年级上学期学科学业质量调研检测英语试卷（含解析）

2026年初中学科学业质量调研检测八年级英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；2．必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；3．答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；4．请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁；5．答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；6．本学科试卷共41个小题，考试时间80分钟，满分100分。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共11小题，每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。A1.Whatistheprojectfor?A.Practicingyoursports.B.Creatingacoolclubname.C.Talkingaboutthedreamjob.2.WhichnamefollowstheruleofStep2?A.ClubRunnersGreen. B.RunnersGreenClub. C.GreenRunnersClub.3.Wherecanyoureadthetext?A.Onawebsite(网站). B.Inadiary. C.Inastorybook.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文介绍阳光中学学生学习中心的一项周项目“MyClub,MyVoice”，展示该项目的四个实施步骤与活动规则。【1题详解】根据文章开篇“Createacoolnameforyourfavoriteclub!”可知，该项目的目的是为喜爱的俱乐部创作一个酷炫的名字。【2题详解】根据文章Step2部分“Rule:[funword]+[thingyoudo]+club”可知，俱乐部名字需遵循“趣味词+活动内容+club”的结构，Green是趣味词，Runners是活动内容，GreenRunnersClub符合该规则。【3题详解】根据文章顶部的“SunnyMiddleSchoolStudentLearningCenter”以及导航栏“HomeProjectsSportsNotice”的页面形式，可知该内容发布在学校的网站上，因此可以在网站上读到这篇文本。BOneStadium,SeeingtheFutureofaCityAlongtheXiangjiangRiverinsouthernChangsha,rightinTianxinDistrict(区),thousandsofworkersarebusybuildingtheChangshaOlympicSportsCenter.WorkbeganinApril2025,andpeopleplantofinishtheprojectbytheendof2028.Thecentrehasonebigstadiumandtwoothersportshalls.Thisbigstadiumcanhold65,000people.ItwillbethekeyplaceforChina’s16thNationalGamesin2029.What’smore,thiswillbethefirsttimetheNationalGamesisheldinCentralChina.ForusTianxinstudents,itisreallysomethingtofeelproudof.Beyondthesesportsbuildings,awholenewtownisgrowingaroundthem—theOlympicSportsNewTown.ItsitsinsideTianxinDistricttoo.Itcoversalargeareaandwilloffer(提供)housesforabout273,000peopleinthefuture.Besidessportsplaces,peoplewillgetnewschools,betterroadsandnicepublicspaceshere.Manyofuslocal(当地的)teenagerswillstudy,playandgrowupinthiswonderfulnewhome.Whenthebignationalsportsgamecomestoanend,allthesemodernbuildingswillbeopentocommonpeople.Localpeoplecanmakeuseofthemtodosports,takewalksandenjoydifferentshows.Yousee,agreatsportsstadiumbringslifetoacompletelynewtown.Inthisway,itclearlyshowshowalargeprojectcanbuildthefutureofourcity.4.WhereistheChangshaOlympicSportsCenter?A.InthenorthofChangsha.B.InTianxinDistrictofChangsha.C.FarawayfromtheXiangjiangRiver.5.Whendidworkersstarttobuildthesportscenter?A.In2025. B.In2028. C.In2029.6.WhatfeelingdoesthewriterwantTianxinstudentstohave?A.Happybutworried. B.Surprisedbutsad. C.Proudandhopeful.7.Theunderlinedword“stadium”inthepassagemeans______.A.alargebuildingforsportsgamesB.abighouseforpeopletoliveinC.asmallroomforstudentstostudy【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文，文章介绍了长沙奥林匹克体育中心的地理位置、建设规划、规模功能及其对城市发展和居民生活的积极影响。【4题详解】根据原文第一段“AlongtheXiangjiangRiverinsouthernChangsha,rightinTianxinDistrict(区),thousandsofworkersarebusybuildingtheChangshaOlympicSportsCenter.”，这句话说明长沙奥林匹克体育中心位于长沙天心区。【5题详解】根据原文第一段“WorkbeganinApril2025,andpeopleplantofinishtheprojectbytheendof2028.”，这句话说明这项工程于2025年开工。【6题详解】根据原文第二段“ForusTianxinstudents,itisreallysomethingtofeelproudof.”以及后文介绍新城带来的新设施，能推断作者希望天心学子感到自豪且充满期待。【7题详解】根据原文第二段“Thisbigstadiumcanhold65,000people.ItwillbethekeyplaceforChina’s16thNationalGamesin2029.”，可以推测stadium是一座举办体育赛事的大型建筑。CSometimeswhenheavyrainfallsonyou,itmaybringyoualittlepain.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhathappenswhenbigraindropshit(撞击)asmallmosquito(蚊子)?Astudysaysaraindrophittingamosquitoisjustlikeabushittingaperson.Inheavyrain,mosquitoesgethitbyraindropsaboutonceevery20seconds.Evenso,youcanhardlyseemanydeadmosquitoesafterrain.Howdotheselittleinsectsstayalivewhenbigraindropsfallonthem?Amosquitoisnearlyasbigasaraindrop,butitisverylight—onlyabout0.002g.Thishelpsitstaysafewhenraindropshitit.Becausethemosquitoissolight,theraindropwillnotgiveitastrongenoughpushtokillit.Thestudyalsofinds:whenaraindrophitsamosquito,theraindroppushestheinsect,andtheyfalldowntogether.Luckily,waterdoesnoteasilygetontothemosquito’sbody.Therearemanysmallhairsalloveritsbody,andthehairskeepwateraway.Afterfallingabout6cm,themosquitocanroll(滚)offtheraindropandflyawayfast.Still,thisgoodwaydoesnotworkeverytime.Ifthemosquitofliesverynearthegroundwhenaraindrophitsit,ithasnotimetogetaway.Itwillhitthegroundhardanddie.8.Howoftendoesamosquitogethitbyraindropsinheavyrain?A.Aboutonceevery20seconds.B.Aboutonceevery0.002minutes.C.Aboutonceevery6seconds.9.Whattwothingshelpmosquitoesstaysafefromraindrops?A.Bigbodysizeandstrongwings.B.Lightweightandsmallhairsonitsbody.C.Fastflyingspeedandstronglegs.10.Whenmayamosquitoloseitslifeonrainydays?A.Whenitfallstogetherwitharaindropfor3cm.B.Whenitfliesverynearthegroundwhilebeinghit.C.Whenmuchwatergetsontoitsbody.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Totelluswhyheavyrainbringspeoplepain.B.Totalkaboutdifferentkindsofsmallflyinginsects.C.Toexplainwhymostmosquitoesdonotdieintherain.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了蚊子如何在暴雨中生存的科学原理。文章探讨了蚊子体重轻和体毛防水等核心机制，解释了它们不易被雨滴致死的原因，同时也提到了特定情况下的死亡风险。【8题详解】根据第一段中“Inheavyrain,mosquitoesgethitbyraindropsaboutonceevery20seconds.”可知，在大雨中蚊子被雨滴击中的频率约为每20秒一次。【9题详解】根据第二段中“itisverylight”和第三段中“Therearemanysmallhairsalloveritsbody,andthehairskeepwateraway.”可知，蚊子体重非常轻且身上覆盖着能防水的小毛发，这两个因素帮助它们保持安全。【10题详解】根据第四段中“Ifthemosquitofliesverynearthegroundwhenaraindrophitsit...Itwillhitthegroundhardanddie.”可知，如果被雨滴击中时蚊子飞得离地面很近，它会因撞击地面而死亡。【11题详解】通读全文可知，文章围绕蚊子如何在雨滴撞击下生存展开，解释了它们不易死亡的原因，核心内容是解释蚊子大多能在雨滴撞击下存活的原理。第二节（共4小题，每小题2分，满分8分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplelovegoinghiking.Doyouknowwhathikingis?____12____Itisagoodwaytoexerciseandenjoytheoutdoors.Whetheryou’reanexperiencedhikerorabeginner,hikingisgoodforyouinmanyways.Hikinghelpsyouimproveyourphysicalstrength(力量).Whenyouwalkondifferentkindsofground,yourlegmuscles(肌肉)getstronger.____13____Youwillfindthatyouhavemoreenergyandfeellesstired.Hikinginnaturealsomakesyourbrainmoreactive,whichmeansitcanhelpyougetbetteratsolvingproblems.Whilehiking,youmaygetintosometrouble.____14____Todealwiththeseproblems,youhavetothinkactivelyandcomeupwithideas.Thishelpsyoubecomemorecreative(有创造力的).What’smore,goinghikinghelpsyoureducestress(压力)andanxiety(焦虑).Whenyouexploreforestsandmountains,thesoundofleavesmovingandthesightofbigtreescanmakeyoufeelpeacefulandrelaxed.Itletsyoutakebreaksfromyourstressfullife.Sometimes,hikingcanbehard.Sodoingitasagrouphelpspeoplekeepgoing.____15____However,whetheryougohikingbyyourselforwithothers,thereareafewthingsyoushouldknow.Theseincludebeingcarefulaboutsettingfires,respectingwildlifeandsoon.Keepthesetipsinmindandenjoythefuninthearmsofnature!A.Hikingmeanstakingalongwalkinnature.B.Forexample,youmaygetlostorrunoutofwater.C.Youcangoonahikewithfriendsorjoinahikinggroup.D.Ifyougohikingafewtimesaweek,yourheartalsogetshealthier.E.You’dbettergohikingalone.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了徒步旅行的好处以及相关注意事项。【12题详解】前文“Doyouknowwhathikingis?”询问徒步是什么，A选项“Hikingmeanstakingalongwalkinnature.”解释徒步就是在大自然中远足，承接上文。【13题详解】本段主题是徒步能够增强体质。前文讲在不同地面行走会让腿部肌肉更强壮，D选项“Ifyougohikingafewtimesaweek,yourheartalsogetshealthier.”说明每周徒步几次，心脏也会变得更健康，继续阐述徒步对身体的益处。【14题详解】上文“Whilehiking,youmaygetintosometrouble.”提到徒步时可能遇到麻烦，B选项“Forexample,youmaygetlostorrunoutofwater.”举例说明会遇到哪些麻烦，承接上文。【15题详解】前文“Sodoingitasagrouphelpspeoplekeepgoing.”提到组队徒步，C选项“Youcangoonahikewithfriendsorjoinahikinggroup.”说明可以和朋友徒步或者加入徒步小组；后文“However,whetheryougohikingbyyourselforwithothers…”转折，引出独自徒步和结伴徒步需要了解的事情，C选项可以起到承上启下作用。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C四个选项中，选择最佳选项。DoyouknowtheChineseidiom(成语)“thegentlemanonthebeam(梁)”?Mrs.Liistellingthe___16___ofittoherstudents.IntheEasternHanDynasty,therewasamannamedChenShi.Hewasakindandhelpfulman,sohisfriendsandneighborsall____17____him.Oneyear,therewasagreatfamine(饥荒).Manypeoplelivedaverypoorlifeandsomeevenhad___18___toeat.Onenight,athiefwentintoChenShi’sroomandstayedonthebeam____19____.“Whenthemansleeps,Ican____20____withsomethingandsellitforsomemoney.”thethiefthought.VerysoonChenShi____21____thethiefonthebeam.Heaskedhischildrenandgrandchildrentogointohisroomandsaidtothem,“Nobodyis____22____atbirth.Somepeoplearejustnotstrictwiththemselvesandliketodosomethingbadsometimes.Thegentlemanonthebeamissuchaman.Butifsomeonekeepsdoingbadthings,itwillbe____23____forhimtogetbacktobeagoodman.”ThethiefheardChenShi’swordsand____24____downfromthebeam.HesaidtoChenShi,“I’mwrong.Iwilltrytobeagoodman.Couldyouforgive(原谅)me?”ChenShisaidyesandgavesomethingtothethiefwhenheleft.That’showtheChineseidiom“thegentlemanonthebeam”____25____.16.A.story B.place C.reason17.A.protected B.noticed C.liked18.A.anything B.nothing C.something19.A.happily B.suddenly C.quietly20.A.getup B.getdown C.getaway21.A.forgot B.found C.hurt22.A.poor B.good C.bad23.A.hard B.careful C.easy24.A.swung B.jumped C.pushed25.A.started B.answered C.stopped【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.C20.C21.B22.C23.A24.B25.A【解析】【导语】本文讲述了东汉陈寔宽容对待梁上小偷的故事。他教育小偷改过自新，并赠送财物。这就是成语“梁上君子”的由来。【16题详解】句意：李老师正在给她的学生们讲这个成语的故事。根据后文讲述的陈寔与梁上君子的具体情节，可知此处指“故事”，story符合语境；place“地点”、reason“原因”均不符合。【17题详解】句意：他是个善良乐于助人的人，所以他的朋友和邻居都喜欢他。因为陈寔品质好，所以人们对他持正面态度，liked“喜欢”符合语境；protected“保护”，noticed“注意到”，均不如liked贴切。【18题详解】句意：很多人过着非常贫穷的生活，有些人甚至没有东西吃。饥荒导致的结果是食物匮乏，nothing“没有什么”符合“没东西吃”的语境；anything“任何东西”常用于否定或疑问句，something“某物”表示有东西，均不符合极度贫困的状态。【19题详解】句意：一天晚上，一个小偷溜进陈寔的房间，悄悄地待在房梁上。小偷行窃需要隐蔽，quietly“悄悄地/安静地”符合语境；happily“快乐地”、suddenly“突然地”均不符合潜伏待机的状态。【20题详解】句意：等那个人睡着了，我就可以带着什么东西逃跑并卖掉换钱。小偷的目的是偷东西后离开，getawaywithsth.意为“携赃潜逃/逃脱惩罚”，getaway“逃跑/离开”符合语境；getup“起床”、getdown“下来”均不符合小偷作案后的意图。【21题详解】句意：很快，陈寔发现了梁上的小偷。陈寔察觉到了小偷的存在，found“发现”符合语境；forgot“忘记”、hurt“伤害”均不符合逻辑。【22题详解】句意：没有人天生就是坏的。这是陈寔借机教育子孙及感化小偷的话，强调人性本善或后天习染，bad“坏的”符合语境；poor“贫穷的”、good“好的”均不符合，【23题详解】句意：但如果一个人一直做坏事，想要改过自新变得像好人一样就会很难。持续作恶会导致回头困难，hard“困难的”符合语境；careful“仔细的”、easy“容易的”均不符合常理。【24题详解】句意：小偷听到陈寔的话后，从房梁上跳了下来。小偷被感动并决定认错，从高处下来通常用jumped“跳下”；swung“摇摆”、pushed“推”均不符合动作逻辑。【25题详解】句意：这就是中国成语“梁上君子”的由来。文章结尾总结成语故事的开端或形成，started“开始/起源”符合语境；answered“回答”、stopped“停止”均不符合。第二节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。inberainhelptellpastweathercanmyandTomturnedfourteenlastmonth.Onhisbirthdaynight,hisparentsgavehimasmallbox.Heopenedithappilyandsawasmartwatch____26____thebox.Itwasblackandjustrightforhiswrist(手腕).Tomloveditandputitonrightaway.Thissmartlittlewatchhaslotsoffunctions(功能).Everymorning,it____27____Tomtheexacttime,sohenevermisses(错过)theschoolbus.Itcanalsoshowhimthe____28____.LastMonday,itsaid,“Itwillraintoday.Takeyourumbrella.”Tomtookitwithhim,andhestayeddrywhenit____29____afterschool.Tomrideshisbiketoschooleveryday,andthewatch____30____showwherehegoes.Onedayhetookanewstreetandcouldnotfindhiswayhome.Hisdadfoundhimquicklywiththe____31____ofthewatch.There____32____twosmallcameras(摄像机)inthewatch.Tomcantalkwithhisparentsfacetofaceandtakephotosoffunthingsonhiswaytoschool.Afterschool,ifTomplaysbasketballformorethanfortyminutes,thewatchmakesashortsound____33____says,“Drinksomewater!”Itcheckshisheartandsleepeverynight,too.Athalf____34____nineeachnight,ittellsTomitistimetogotobed.Itisalsoagreathelperforschoolwork.TomcanlookupEnglishwordsandmathrulesonit.Tomalwayssays,“Thiswatchis____35____goodfriend.Ithelpsmealoteverysingleday.”【答案】26.in27.tells28.weather29.rained30.can31.help32.are33.and34.past35.my【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Tom收到智能手表作为生日礼物以及手表的各种功能。【26题详解】句意：他打开盒子，高兴地在盒子里看到了一块智能手表。结合“sawasmartwatch…thebox”以及方框词可知，手表在盒子里，用介词in。【27题详解】句意：每天早上，它告诉Tom确切的时间，所以他从未错过校车。空处作句子谓语，结合“Tomtheexacttime,sohenevermisses(错过)theschoolbus”以及方框词，此处指告诉Tom确切时间，主语it是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，需用tell的第三人称单数形式tells。【28题详解】句意：它也能向他显示天气。结合后文“Itwillraintoday”以及方框词可知是显示天气，用名词weather。【29题详解】句意：Tom随身带了伞，放学后下雨时他保持干燥。结合“andhestayeddrywhenit”以及方框词可知，因为Tom带了伞，所以下雨时，他保持干燥，时间状语LastMonday表明此处叙述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，需用动词rain的过去式rained。【30题详解】句意：手表能显示他去哪里。结合“thewatch…showwherehegoes”以及方框词可知，此处表示手表具有能力，用情态动词can。【31题详解】句意：他的爸爸在手表的帮助下很快找到了他。结合“Hisdadfoundhimquicklywiththe…ofthewatch.”以及方框词可知，此处指在手表的帮助下，withthehelpof为固定搭配，意为“在……的帮助下”。应用help。【32题详解】句意：手表里有两个小摄像头。结合“twosmallcameras(摄像机)inthewatch”以及方框词可知，此处表示手表里边有某物，应用Therebe句型，主语twosmallcameras是复数，be动词用are。【33题详解】句意：手表发出短声音并且说：“喝点水！”结合“makesashortsound…says”以及方框词可知，此处连接两个并列动作makes和says，用连词and。【34题详解】句意：每晚九点半，它告诉Tom该睡觉了。结合“Athalf…nineeachnight”以及方框词，此处表示时间是九点半，halfpastnine意为“九点半”，固定表达，应用past。【35题详解】句意：这块手表是我的好朋友。结合“Thiswatchis…goodfriend.Ithelpsmealoteverysingleday.”以及方框词可知，这是Tom说的话，指代他自己，用形容词性物主代词my。第三部分综合技能（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题并翻译画线部分。Doyouspendplentyoftimeonyourphoneandsocialmedia?Lotsofteenagersdo.InDenmark,thegovernmentisworriedaboutthisproblem.Itplanstostopsocialmedia(社交媒体)forchildrenunder15,becausephonesaretakingawaykids’childhood.Phonesarehelpfulforcontactingfriendsandfamily.However,socialmediaalsobringsalotofdownsides.ReportsshowDanishkidsaged9-14spendaroundthreehoursonscreenseveryday.Someofthemgetunhealthyonlineinformation.Itmayleavethemfeelingunhappyorworried.What’sworse,manykidsfindithardtofocusonreadingorschoolworkinclass.Thenewrulewillstopkidsunder15fromusingsocialmedia.Still,parentscanallowchildrenaged13andabovetouseit.Manycountriesfollowsimilarways:France,GreeceandSpainsetlimits(限制)forkids.IntheUK,onlinecompaniesmustprotect(保护)childrenfromunhealthyinformation.Australiawillban(禁止)socialmediaforunder16ssoon.However,Chinausesadifferentway.Mostwebsites(网站)haveaspecialpageforstudents.Itshortensonlinetimeandhidesbadnews.Kidsyoungerthan16can’tshowthemselvesonlinetoothers.Studentscan’tbringphonesintoclassrooms,andparentsneedtoteachkidstousetheInternetingoodways.36.WhydoesDenmark’sgovernmentplantobansocialmediaforkidsunder15?________________________________________________________________________________________37.HowlongdoDanishkidsaged9to14spendonscreenseveryday?________________________________________________________________________________________38.Whichcountrywillbansocialmediaforchildrenunder16soon?________________________________________________________________________________________39.Doyouthinkitisagoodideatostopsocialmediaforkidsunder15?Whyorwhynot?________________________________________________________________________________________40.将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】36.Becausephonesaretakingawaykids’childhood.37.Aroundthreehours.38.Australia.39.Yes,Ithinkso.Becausesocialmediamaybringunhealthyinformationtokidsandinfluencetheirstudy.40.手机有助于联系朋友和家人。【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丹麦以及多个国家对青少年使用社交媒体的相关规定。【36题详解】根据第一段“InDenmark,thegovernmentisworriedaboutthisproblem.Itplanstostopsocialmediaforchildrenunder15,becausephonesaretakingawaykids’childhood.”可知，丹麦政府计划禁止15岁以下儿童使用社交媒体，是因为手机正在夺走孩子们的童年，答案为原文直接提取。【37题详解】根据第二段“ReportsshowDanishkidsaged9-14spendaroundthreehoursonscreenseveryday.”可知，丹麦9至14岁的孩子每天大约花三小时看电子屏幕，答案为原文直接提取。【38题详解】根据第四段“Australiawillbansocialmediaforunder16ssoon.”可知，澳大利亚很快将会禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体，答案为原文直接提取。【39题详解】本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。可结合文中社交媒体带来的弊端或者社交媒体的积极作用阐述理由，观点合理即可。【40题详解】画线部分“Phonesarehelpfulforcontactingfriendsandfamily”译为“手机有助于联系朋友和家人”。“behelpfulfor”意为“对……有帮助”；“contact”意为“联系”，friendsandfamily意为“朋友和家人”，本句为主系表结构。第二节书面表达（满分20分）41.许多国家和地区都为青少年制定了使用社交媒体和互联网的相关规定，我们学校的公告栏里也有一张关于网络使用规则的海报。请根据海报内容提示写一篇短文，谈谈你认为学生上网需要哪些规则，并说说这些规则有什么好处。要求：1．不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。2．词数：80左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。RulesforStudentsOnlineIthinkweneedsomeclearruleswhenweusetheInternet.______________________________________________________________________________________________________