2025-2026年四川省苏教版八年级英语上册第十三章阅读理解专项训练习题

2025-2026年四川省苏教版八年级英语上册第十三章阅读理解专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinChapter13,whatisthemainreasonwhystudentsfinditdifficulttounderstandthetopic"EnvironmentalProtection"?A.Thevocabularyistooadvancedformoststudents.B.Thetextlacksclearexamplestoillustratetheconcepts.C.Theauthorusestoomanytechnicaltermswithoutexplanations.D.Thepassageiswritteninaconfusingnarrativestyle.Answer:BExplanation:ThepassageinChapter13specificallymentionsthatstudentsstrugglewithenvironmentalprotectionbecausethetextfailstoprovidepracticalexamples.Whileadvancedvocabularyandtechnicaltermsarementionedassecondaryissues,theprimarydifficultyliesinthelackofillustrativecases.OptionAisincorrectbecausethedifficultyisnotsolelyduetoadvancedwords;OptionCispartiallytruebutnotthemainpoint;OptionDisirrelevantasthestyleisnotthecoreproblem.2.Inthereadingmaterial,howdoestheauthorcomparetheeffectsofplasticwasteonlandandoceans?A.Landpollutionismoreseverebecauseitaffectsagriculturedirectly.B.Oceanpollutionisworsebecausemarinelifeismoresensitivetochemicals.C.Bothhaveequallydevastatingimpactsbutareoftenignoredseparately.D.Landpollutionislessnoticeablebutmorepersistentovertime.Answer:BExplanation:Thepassagehighlightsthatoceanpollutionisparticularlydamagingduetothesensitivityofmarineecosystems.Whilelandpollutionisalsosevere,theauthoremphasizestheimmediateandsevereconsequencesonsealife.OptionAisincorrectbecauseagricultureisnotthefocusofthecomparison;OptionCisincorrectastheauthorsuggeststheimpactsaredistinct;OptionDcontradictsthepassage,whichstatesoceanpollutionismoreacute.3.Whatactiondoesthepassagerecommendtoreduceplasticwasteinschools?A.Encouragestudentstobringreusablecontainersinsteadofdisposableones.B.Organizeaone-dayrecyclingdrivetocollectallplasticwaste.C.Banallplasticproductsfromtheschoolcampuspermanently.D.Askparentstodonatemoneyforanewrecyclingfacility.Answer:AExplanation:Thepassageproposespractical,sustainablesolutionslikereusablecontainers,whichalignwiththechapter'sthemeoflong-termenvironmentalaction.OptionBisashort-termmeasure;OptionCistooextreme;OptionDisimpracticalforstudents.4.Accordingtothetext,whydomanypeoplestillusesingle-useplasticsdespitetheirharmfuleffects?A.Theyareunawareoftheenvironmentaldamagecausedbyplastics.B.Single-useplasticsarecheaperandmoreconvenientthanalternatives.C.Governmentshavenotimplementedstrictenoughregulations.D.BothAandBarecorrect.Answer:DExplanation:Thepassagestatesthatignoranceandconveniencearethemainreasonsforcontinuedplasticuse.Whilegovernmentpoliciesarementionedasafactor,theprimaryfocusisonindividualbehaviorduetolackofawarenessandpracticalalternatives.5.Howdoestheauthorstructurethepassagetoexplaintheproblemofplasticpollution?A.Bypresentingstatisticsfollowedbypersonalanecdotes.B.Bycomparingplasticpollutionwithotherenvironmentalissues.C.Bylistingcauses,effects,andsolutionsinalogicalorder.D.Byusinghumortomakethetopicmoreengaging.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassagefollowsaclearcause-effect-solutionformat,whichistypicalineducationaltexts.OptionAisincorrectbecausethepassagelackspersonalstories;OptionBisincorrectasthefocusissolelyonplasticpollution;OptionDisirrelevantasthetoneisserious.6.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthischapter?A.Toentertainstudentswithastoryaboutoceananimals.B.Topersuadereaderstoadopteco-friendlyhabitsimmediately.C.Toinformstudentsaboutthesciencebehindplasticproduction.D.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpollutioninurbanareas.Answer:BExplanation:Thepassageconcludeswithacalltoaction,emphasizingbehavioralchange.Whileinformative,theprimarygoalispersuasion,asseeninthesuggestionsforreducingplasticuse.7.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTacommontypeofsingle-useplasticmentioned?A.PlasticbottlesB.PlasticbagsC.GlasscontainersD.PlasticcutleryAnswer:CExplanation:Thepassagespecificallydiscussesplasticbottles,bags,andcutleryascommonsingle-useitems.Glasscontainersarenotmentioned,asthefocusisonplastics.8.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheroleofrecyclinginsolvingplasticpollution?A.Recyclingistheonlyeffectivesolution,butitisnotwidelyimplemented.B.Recyclingishelpfulbutnotenoughtoaddressthescaleoftheproblem.C.Recyclingisunnecessarybecauseplasticscanbereplacedentirely.D.Recyclingistooexpensiveandshouldbeabandoned.Answer:BExplanation:Thepassageacknowledgesrecyclingasausefulmeasurebutnotesthatitcannotsolvetheentireissueduetothevastamountofplasticwaste.OptionAistooabsolute;OptionCcontradictsthepassage'semphasisonreducingplasticuse;OptionDisincorrectasthetextsupportsrecycling.9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofplasticpollutionifcurrenttrendscontinue?A.Theproblemwilldisappearastechnologyadvances.B.Oceanswillbecomecompletelyfilledwithplasticwaste.C.Environmentalpolicieswilleventuallyforcecompaniestoreduceplasticproduction.D.Thesituationwillworsen,butcommunitieswilladaptovertime.Answer:DExplanation:Thepassageimpliesthatwithoutintervention,theproblemwillpersistandworsen,butsocietymaydevelopcopingmechanisms.OptionAisunrealistic;OptionBisexaggerated;OptionCisnottheauthor'sfocus.10.Howdoestheauthoruseexamplesinthepassagetosupportthemainidea?A.Bydescribingafictionalcitywithzeroplasticwaste.B.Bycitingscientificstudiesonplasticdecompositionrates.C.Bysharingreal-lifestoriesofplasticpollutioninmarineenvironments.D.Bylistingstatisticsaboutplasticproductionworldwide.Answer:CExplanation:Thepassageincludesdescriptionsofbeachesandoceansaffectedbyplastic,whicharereal-worldexamples.OptionAisfictional;OptionBandDarementionedbutnotastheprimaryexamples.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage,themostcommonsourceofplasticwasteinschoolsis_______and_______.Answer:foodpackaging,disposablecutleryExplanation:Thetextstatesthatlunchcontainersandutensilsaremajorcontributorstoschoolplasticwaste.2.Theauthormentionsthatplasticcantake_______yearstodecomposeinlandfills.Answer:hundredsExplanation:Thepassageprovidesanexampleofplasticpersistence,notingthatittakeshundredsofyearstobreakdown.3.Toreduceplasticpollution,thepassagesuggestsusing_______insteadofsingle-usebags.Answer:reusableclothbagsExplanation:Thetextrecommendsclothbagsasasustainablealternativetoplasticbags.4.Thepassagehighlightsthatmanypeopleare_______aboutthelong-termeffectsofplasticontheenvironment.Answer:unawareExplanation:Theauthorexplicitlymentionsthatlackofawarenessisakeyreasonforcontinuedplasticuse.5.Accordingtothetext,recyclingismosteffectivefor_______plastics.Answer:certaintypesExplanation:Thepassagenotesthatnotallplasticsarerecyclable,focusingonspecifictypes.6.TheauthorcomparesplasticpollutiontotheGreatBarrierReef,statingthat_______isbeingdamagedbyplasticwaste.Answer:marineecosystemsExplanation:Thepassageusesthereefasanexampleofmarinelifeaffectedbyplastics.7.Inthepassage,studentsareencouragedto_______toreduceplasticconsumption.Answer:bringtheirownwaterbottlesExplanation:Thetextsuggestspersonalactionslikeusingreusablebottles.8.Thepassagementionsthatplasticproductionhasincreasedby_______percentsincethe1950s.Answer:200Explanation:Thetextprovidesastatisticabouttheexponentialgrowthofplasticmanufacturing.9.Toaddressplasticpollution,thepassageproposesa_______approachinvolvingbothindividualsandgovernments.Answer:collaborativeExplanation:Theauthoremphasizesthatsolvingtheproblemrequiresteamworkbetweencommunitiesandpolicymakers.10.Thepassageconcludesbyaskingreadersto_______intheirdailylivestomakeadifference.Answer:bemoreenvironmentallyconsciousExplanation:Thetextendswithacalltoadopteco-friendlyhabits.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinChapter13arguesthatplasticpollutionisprimarilyaproblemindevelopingcountries.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetextdoesnotspecifyregionaldifferences;itdiscussesplasticpollutionglobally.2.Accordingtothepassage,alltypesofplasticareequallyharmfultotheenvironment.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thepassagenotesthatsomeplasticsaremoredangerousthanothers,dependingontheircomposition.3.Theauthorsuggeststhatbanningplasticproductsisthebestsolutiontotheproblem.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thepassageadvocatesforabalancedapproach,notjustbans.4.Thepassageincludesapersonalstoryaboutastudentwhostartedarecyclingprogramattheirschool.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetextdoesnotmentionanyindividualcasestudies.5.Theauthorbelievesthattechnologyalonecansolvetheplasticpollutioncrisis.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thepassageemphasizestheneedforbehavioralchangealongsidetechnologicalsolutions.6.Thepassagestatesthatplasticwasteinoceansismainlycausedbyfishingindustries.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetextattributesoceanplastictogeneralwaste,notjustfishing.7.Accordingtothepassage,recyclingcentersareabundantinmostcommunities.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thepassageimpliesthataccesstorecyclingislimitedinmanyareas.8.Theauthoruseshumortomakethetopicofplasticpollutionmoreengaging.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetoneisseriousandeducational,nothumorous.9.Thepassagesuggeststhatplasticproductionwilldecreaseinthefutureduetoenvironmentalawareness.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetextdoesnotpredictadeclineinplasticmanufacturing.10.Thepassagerecommendsthatschoolsspendmoneyonnewrecyclingmachinesratherthaneducatingstudents.Answer:FalseExplanation:Thetextprioritizesawarenessandbehaviorchangeoverexpensiveequipment.四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Whatarethreemainreasonswhyplasticpollutionisaseriousenvironmentalissue?Answer:-Plasticwastepersistsforhundredsofyears,fillinglandfillsandoceans.-Itharmswildlife,asanimalsingestorgetentangledinplastic.-Itreleasestoxicchemicalsthatcontaminatewaterandsoil.Explanation:Thepassagediscussesthepersistence,impactonanimals,andchemicaltoxicityofplasticpollution.2.Howdoesthepassagesuggestthatstudentscanhelpreduceplasticwasteintheirschools?Answer:-Bringreusablecontainersinsteadofdisposableones.-Participateinrecyclingprograms.-Raiseawarenessabouttheproblemamongpeers.Explanation:Thetextprovidespracticalstepsforstudentstotake,suchasusingreusableitemsandrecycling.3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisrecyclingnotaperfectsolutiontoplasticpollution?Answer:-Notallplasticsarerecyclable.-Recyclingprocessesstillconsumeenergyandresources.-Theamountofplasticwasteexceedsthecapacityforrecycling.Explanation:Thepassagehighlightslimitationsinrecycling,suchasmaterialcompatibilityandvolume.4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"collaborativeapproach"whendiscussingenvironmentalsolutions?Answer:-Itinvolvesbothindividualactions(e.g.,reducingwaste)andcollectiveefforts(e.g.,governmentpolicies).-Itrequirescooperationbetweencommunities,businesses,andgovernments.Explanation:Thetextemphasizesthatsolvingtheproblemneedsteamworkacrossdifferentlevels.5.Howdoesthepassageuseexamplestoexplaintheseverityofplasticpollutioninoceans?Answer:-Theauthordescribesbeachescoveredinplasticdebris.-TheGreatBarrierReefismentionedasdamagedbyplasticwaste.-Statisticsonmarinelifeaffectedbyplasticsareprovided.Explanation:Thepassageusesreal-worldscenariosanddatatoillustratetheimpactonoceans.6.Whatistheauthor'stoneinChapter13,andhowdoesitinfluencethereader?Answer:-Thetoneisseriousandinformative,emphasizingtheurgencyoftheproblem.-Itmotivatesreaderstotakeactionbyhighlightingtheconsequencesofinaction.Explanation:Thetextavoidsemotionallanguagebutusesfactstopersuadereaders.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethetwomainchallengesinreducingplasticpollution?Answer:-Highconsumptionhabitsofpeople.-Lackofeffectiverecyclinginfrastructure.Explanation:Thepassageidentifiesindividualbehaviorandsystemicissuesaskeychallenges.8.Howdoesthepassagebalancediscussingtheproblemandofferingsolutions?Answer:-Itfirstexplainsthecausesandeffectsofplasticpollution.-Then,itprovidesactionablestepsforindividualsandcommunities.-Theconclusionreinforcestheimportanceofongoingefforts.Explanation:Thetextfollowsalogicalstructure,firstinformingandthenguidingreaders.五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.ImagineyouareastudentataschoolinSichuan.Writeashortparagraph(50words)suggestingthreewaysyourclassmatescanreduceplasticwasteinthecafeteria.Answer:-Encourageusingreusablelunchboxesinsteadofdisposablecontainers.-Promotearecyclingstationforplasticbottlesandcutlery.-Startacampaigntoremindstudentstosay"notoplasticstraws."Explanation:Theanswerprovidespractical,school-specificactions,aligningwiththechapter'sfocusonreducingwaste.2.Thepassagementionsthatplasticwasteinoceanscanharmseaturtles.Describeapossiblescenariowhereaseaturtleisaffectedbyplasticpollution,andexplainhowthisrelatestothechapter'smaintopic.Answer:-Aseaturtlemistakesaplasticbagforjellyfishandingestsit,leadingtostarvation.-Thisillustratesthechapter'spointaboutmarinelifebeingendangeredbyplasticwaste.Explanation:Thescenarioconnectstothepassage'sdiscussionofplastic'simpactonecosystems.3.Supposeyourlocalcommunitydoesnothavearecyclingprogram.Writeaone-paragraphproposal(60words)tothemayorsuggestinghowthecommunitycanstartone.Answer:-Partnerwitharecyclingcompanytocollectplasticwasteweekly.-Installrecyclingbinsinpublicareaswithclearlabels.-Educateresidentsaboutwhichplasticsarerecyclable.Explanation:Theproposaladdressesthechapter'sissueoflimitedrecyclinginfrastructure.4.Thepassagediscussesthehistoryofplasticproduction.Ifyoucouldchangeoneaspectofplasticmanufacturing,whatwoulditbe,andwhy?Answer:-Iwouldmakeallplasticsbiodegradablebydefault.-Thiswouldreducelong-termpollutionandprotecttheenvironment.Explanation:Theanswerreflectsonthechapter'scontentaboutplasticpersistence.5.Describearealorfictionaleventinyourlifewhereyousawplasticpollution,andhowitmadeyoufeel.Answer:-Ivisitedabeachandfoundplasticbottlesscatteredeverywhere.-Itmademesadandmotivatedtoparticipateinclean-upefforts.Explanation:Theanswerconnectspersonalexperiencetothechapter'stheme.6.Thepassagementionsthatplasticpollutionaffectsagriculture.Explainhowthiscouldhappenandsuggestasolution.Answer:-Plasticwasteinsoilcontaminatescrops,reducingfertility.-Solution:Usebiodegradablefarmingmaterialsandpromoteorganicfarming.Explanation:Theanswerexpandsonthechapter'sdiscussionofplastic'sfar-reachingeffects.7.IfyouweretowriteachaptersimilartoChapter13,whatnewinformationwouldyouincludeaboutplasticpollution?Answer:-Iwouldadddetailsaboutmicroplasticsinwatersources.-Iwouldalsodiscussinnovativetechnologiesforplasticcleanup.Explanation:Theanswershowsengagementwiththechapter'stopicandsuggestsfurtherexploration.8.Imagineyouarecreatingapublicawarenesscampaignaboutplasticpollution.Whatthreevisualelementswouldyouuseinyourposters,andwhy?Answer:-Apollutedbeachtoshowthereal-worldimpact.-Aseaturtlewithaplasticbagtohighlightwildlifedanger.-Arecyclingsymboltoencourageproperwastedisposal.Explanation:Theansweralignswiththechapter'semphasisonvisualcommunicationoftheproblem.【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.B9.D10.C二、填空题1.foodpackaging,disposablecutlery2.hundreds3.reusableclothbags4.unaware5.certaintypes6.marineecosystems7.bringtheirownwaterbottles8.2009.collaborative10.bemoreenvironmentallyconscious三、判断题1.False2.False3.False4.False5.False6.False7.False8.False9.False10.False四、简答题1.Plasticpersistsforhundredsofyears,harmswildlife,andreleasestoxicchemicals.2.Usereusablecontainers,recycle,andraiseawareness.3.Notallplasticsarerecyclable,recyclingisenergy-intensive,andwasteexceedscapacity.4.Itinvolvesindividualactionsandcollectiveefforts.5.DescribesbeachesandtheGreatBarrierReef,providesstatistics.6.Seriousandinformative,motivatesaction.7.Highconsumptionhabitsandlackofrecyclinginfrastructure.8.Explainscauses/effectsfirst,thenofferssolutions,reinforcesimportance.五、应用题1.Reusablelunchboxes,recyclingstation,noplasticstraws.2.Seaturtleingestsplastic,relatestomarinelifedanger.3.Partnerwithrecyclingcompany,installbins,educateresidents.4.Makeplasticsbiodegradabletoreducepollution.5.Sawplasticonabeach,feltsadandmotivated.6.Soilcontamination,usebiodegradablematerials.7.Addmicroplasticsandcleanuptechnologies.8.Pollutedbeach,seaturtlewithbag,recyclingsymbol.【解析】一、单项选择题1.Biscorrectbecausethepassageexplicitlystatesthatlackofclearexamplesmakesthetopicdifficult.2.Biscorrectasthetextprovidesanexampleofplasticdecompositiontakinghundredsofyears.3.Aiscorrectbecausethepassagerecommendsreusablecontainersasapracticalsolution.4.Disincorrectbecausethepassagementionsbothignoranceandconvenience,notjustone.5.Ciscorrectasthepassagefollowsacause-effect-solutionstructure.二、填空题1.Thetextmentionsfoodpackagingandcutleryascommonschoolplasticwaste.2.Thepassageciteshundredsofyearsasthedecompositiontime.3.Thetextrecommendsclothbagsasalternatives.4.Theauthornotesthatmanypeopleareunawareofthelong-termeffects.5.Thepassagestatesthatrecyclingiseffectiveforcertainplastics.6.ThetextusestheGreatBarrierReefasanexampleofmarineecosystemsaffected.7.Thepassagesuggestsbringingreusablewaterbottles.8.Thetextprovidesastatisticabouta200%increaseinplasticproduction.9.Theauthoremphasizesacollaborativeapproachbetweenindividualsandgovernments.10.Thepassageendswithacalltobemoreenvironmentallyconscious.三、判断题1.Falsebecausethepassagediscussesplasticpollutionglobally,notjustindevelopingcountries.2.Falsebecausethetextnotesthatsomeplasticsaremoreharmfulthanothers.3.Falsebecausethepassageadvocatesforabalancedapproach,notjustbans.4.Falsebecausethetextdoesnotmentionanyindividualcasestudies.5.Falsebecausethepassageemphasizestheneedforbehaviora