2026新版托福iBT完整真题（含详细答案解析）

2026新版托福iBT完整真题（含详细答案解析）考试说明本套试题为2026年改版后托福iBT官方标准模考题，完全匹配现行考试题型、时长、难度与评分标准。整套试题包含阅读、听力、口语、写作四大模块，题型结构、出题逻辑与正式考场一致，可直接用于全真模拟自测。所有题目配套精准答案、逐题解析、易错点分析，口语写作附带高分示范作答与评分要点。考试时长：总计约115分钟（不含休息时间）题型结构：阅读、听力、口语、写作四部分，无加试第一部分：阅读Reading（3篇，54分钟）考试规则：每篇文章对应10道题目，包含词汇题、事实信息题、否定信息题、推理题、句子简化题、插入文本题、主旨小结题等官方必考题型。Passage1：TheOriginofTheaterInseekingtodescribetheoriginsoftheater,onemustrelyprimarilyonspeculation,sincethereislittleconcreteevidenceonwhichtodraw.Themostwidelyacceptedtheory,championedbyanthropologistsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,isthattheaterevolvedoutofritual.Theprocessperceivedbytheseanthropologistsmaybesummarizedbriefly.Duringtheearlystagesofitsdevelopment,asocietybecomesawareofforcesthatappeartoinfluenceorcontrolitsfoodsupplyandwell-being.Havinglittleunderstandingofnaturalcauses,itattributesbothdesirableandundesirableoccurrencestosupernaturalormagicalforces,anditsearchesformeanstowinthefavoroftheseforces.Perceivinganapparentconnectionbetweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegrouprepeats,refines,andformalizesthoseactionsintofixedceremonies,orrituals.Societiesbelievedthatritualscouldguaranteefoodsupplyandpreventdisasters.Gradually,overgenerations,themagicalaspectsofritualsfaded,whilethedramaticelementsoftheperformancesremained.Eventually,ritualsseparatedfromreligiousfunctionsandevolvedintoindependenttheatricalperformances.Anothertheorysuggeststhattheaterevolvedfromdance,abasichumanactivityusedforcelebrationandemotionalexpression.Dance,combinedwithstorytelling,graduallyformedtheearlyformofdrama.ReadingQuestions1-101.Theword“concrete”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA.reliableB.specificC.temporaryD.complex2.Accordingtoparagraph1,whydidearlysocietiesdeveloprituals?A.TorecordthehistoryofthegroupB.ToexplaintheoriginofnaturalphenomenaC.TogainfavorfromsupernaturalforcesforsurvivalD.Toformalizedailygroupactivities3.Theword“attributes”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA.creditsB.separatesC.distinguishesD.transforms4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyrituals?A.Theywerecreatedrandomlybyindividuals.B.Theywereimprovedandstandardizedovertime.C.Theyhadnoconnectionwithpeople’sdailyneeds.D.Theywerefullyunderstoodbyearlysocieties.5.Theword“faded”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoA.disappearedB.strengthenedC.changedD.combined6.Accordingtoparagraph2,whathappenedtoritualsovergenerations?A.Theycompletelylostallperformanceelements.B.Theirreligiousmagicfunctionweakened.C.Theybecamemorecloselyrelatedtoreligion.D.Theywerereplacedbystorytellingdirectly.7.Theauthormentions“dance”inparagraph2toA.provedanceisolderthanritualactivitiesB.introduceanalternativeorigintheoryoftheaterC.explainwhyritualslostreligiousfunctionsD.showthedifferencebetweendanceanddrama8.Whichsentencebestsimplifiesthefollowingsentence?Perceivinganapparentconnectionbetweencertainactionsperformedbythegroupandtheresultitdesires,thegrouprepeats,refines,andformalizesthoseactionsintofixedceremonies,orrituals.A.Groupscreatedfixedritualsbecausetheyfoundspecificactionscouldbringexpectedresults.B.Groupsperformedrandomactionstopursuedesirableresultsandceremonies.C.Fixedceremoniesforcedgroupstorepeatandrefinedailyactions.D.Theconnectionbetweenactionsandresultsmadegroupsabandonoldrituals.9.Insertthefollowingsentenceintothepassage:“Theseearlydramaticformslackedprofessionalactorsandfixedplots.”A.Endofparagraph1B.Before“Anothertheory”inparagraph2C.Endofparagraph2D.Middleofparagraph110.Summary:Anintroductorysentenceforasummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideas.Thepassagediscussestwomajortheoriesabouttheoriginsoftheater.AnswerChoices:A.Earlysocietiescreatedritualstowinsupernaturalfavorforsurvival.B.Ritualsgraduallylostreligiousmagicfeaturesandretaineddramaticelements.C.Allancientritualseventuallydevelopedintoformaltheater.D.Danceandstorytellingareconsideredanothersourceofearlytheater.E.Earlypeoplefullyunderstoodthecausesofnaturaldisasters.F.Ritualswerecompletelydifferentfromtheatricalperformances.Passage2：OceanBycatchProblemCommercialfishingoperationsworldwidecauseseverebycatch,theunintendedcaptureofnon-targetmarinespeciesincludingseabirds,turtles,dolphins,andsmallfish.Bycatchhaslongbeenrecognizedasamajorthreattomarinebiodiversityandecosystembalance.Twodominantfishingmethods,trawlingandlonglinefishing,producethemajorityofglobalbycatch.Trawlinginvolvesdragginglargenetsacrosstheoceanfloorormid-waterareastocatchbottom-dwellingfish.Thismethoddisturbsseabedhabitatsseverelyandtrapscountlessnon-targetmarinecreatures.Longlinefishinguseslengthyfishinglineswiththousandsofbaitedhooks,whichoftenattractseabirdsandseaturtlesthatmistakethebaitsforfood,leadingtoaccidentaldeathandinjury.Theacuteproblemofbycatchhaspromptedglobalenvironmentalorganizationsandfishingindustriestoadoptimprovedfishingtechnologiesandmanagementrules.Modifiedfishingnetswithescapeholesforsmallmarineanimals,adjustedhookdesigns,andseasonalfishingbansinkeymarinehabitatshaveeffectivelyreducedbycatchratesinmanyregions.However,illegalfishingandunregulatedsmall-scalefishingstillhindertheglobalimprovementofmarineprotection.ReadingQuestions11-2011.Theword“severe”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA.commonB.seriousC.minorD.stable12.Accordingtoparagraph1,bycatchreferstoA.targetfishcaughtbyprofessionalfishermenB.unintendednon-targetmarinespeciescapturedinfishingC.damagedfishingtoolsduringoceanoperationsD.naturalreductionofmarinebiodiversity13.Theword“acute”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningtoA.commonB.severeC.complicatedD.noticeable14.Whatisthedisadvantageoftrawlingmentionedinthepassage?A.Itusestoomanybaitedhooks.B.Itdamagesseabedhabitatsandtrapsnon-targetspecies.C.Itonlycatchessmall-sizedmarinefish.D.Itismoreexpensivethanlonglinefishing.15.Whydoseabirdsandturtlesgetcaughtinlonglinefishing?A.Theyareattractedbythebaitedhooks.B.Theyswimintofishinglinesaccidentally.C.Theychasetargetfishnearfishinglines.D.Theynestnearcommercialfishingareas.16.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichmeasurehelpsreducebycatch?A.BanningalllonglinefishingactivitiesB.UsingredesignedfishingnetsandhooksC.ReducingthenumberofprofessionalfishermenD.Closingallcoastalfishingareas17.Theword“hinder”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningtoA.promoteB.blockC.changeD.monitor18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutbycatchsolutions?A.Improvedfishingtoolsreducebycatcheffectively.B.Seasonalfishingbansprotectkeymarinehabitats.C.Unregulatedsmallfishingoperationsaffectprotectioneffects.D.Globalbycatchproblemshavebeencompletelysolved.19.Simplifythesentence:Modifiedfishingnetswithescapeholesforsmallmarineanimals,adjustedhookdesigns,andseasonalfishingbansinkeymarinehabitatshaveeffectivelyreducedbycatchratesinmanyregions.A.Multipleimprovedfishingmethodsandruleshaveloweredbycatchlevelsinmanyareas.B.Newfishingnetsaretheonlyeffectivewaytoreducemarinebycatch.C.Seasonalbansmakefishingoperationslessefficientandreducecatches.D.Modifiedhookscompletelysolvetheproblemofaccidentalmarinecapture.20.Summary:Thepassagemainlydiscussesthebycatchproblemcausedbycommercialfishingandcorrespondingsolutions.Keyanswerstobeselected(3items):A.Twomainfishingmethodsleadtomassivemarinebycatch.B.Bycatchseverelythreatensmarineecosystembalance.C.Improvedtoolsandmanagementhelprelievethebycatchproblem.D.Allfishingactivitieswillbebannedinmarineprotectedareas.E.Small-scalefishinghasnoimpactonmarinebycatch.Passage3：TheHistoryofPhotographyThehistoryofphotographyismarkedbysignificanttechnologicalprogressandartisticinnovation.Itbeganintheearlynineteenthcenturywiththeinventionofthecameraobscura,adevicethatprojectedimagesontoaflatsurfacethroughasmallhole.ThefirstpermanentphotographwascreatedbyJoseph-NicéphoreNiépcein1826,requiringanexposuretimeofseveralhours.Later,LouisDaguerreimprovedthetechnology,shorteningtheexposuretimetolessthan30minutesandcreatingthedaguerreotype,thefirstpracticalphotographictechnique.Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,photographygraduallytransformedfromascientificinventiontoanewartform.Earlyphotographersfocusedonportraitandlandscapeshooting,recordingrealscenesandhumanimagesthattraditionalpaintingcouldnotreplicate.Unlikepaintings,whichoftencontainsubjectivemodificationandartisticexaggeration,earlyphotographsfeaturedhighauthenticityandobjectivity,attractingwidepublicattention.Withcontinuoustechnologicalupgrades,photographyequipmentbecameportableandaffordableforordinarypeopleinthelatenineteenthcentury.Thepopularizationofphotographynotonlychangedpeople’swayofrecordinglifebutalsoinfluencedthedevelopmentofmodernart,providingnewcreativeinspirationandexpressionmethodsforpaintersandartists.ReadingQuestions21-3021.Theword“marked”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtoA.characterizedB.replacedC.combinedD.compared22.Whatisthefunctionofthecameraobscura?A.TostorepermanentphotosB.ToprojectimagesthroughasmallholeC.ToshortenphotoexposuretimeD.Toeditphotographicimages23.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatwastheadvantageofdaguerreotype?A.LowercostB.ShorterexposuretimeC.PortabledesignD.Colorshootingfunction24.Theword“replicate”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoA.imitateB.decorateC.classifyD.appreciate25.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisthedifferencebetweenearlyphotographyandtraditionalpainting?A.Photographyismoreartisticthanpainting.B.Photographyismoreobjectiveandauthentic.C.Paintingrecordsreallifemoreaccurately.D.Paintingismorepopularamongthepublic.26.Theword“popularization”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningtoA.improvementB.spreadC.innovationD.limitation27.Whatinfluencedidthepopularizationofphotographybring?A.Itcompletelyreplacedtraditionalpaintingart.B.Itchangedliferecordingwaysandinspiredmodernart.C.Itmadephotographicequipmentextremelyexpensive.D.Itprolongedtheexposuretimeofearlyphotos.28.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thefirstphotographwastakeninthe1830s.B.Daguerreotypewasthefirstpracticalphotographytechnology.C.Earlyphotoshadshorterexposuretimethanmodernones.D.Photographyneverinfluencedtraditionalartcreation.29.Sentencesimplification:Earlyphotographersfocusedonportraitandlandscapeshooting,recordingrealscenesandhumanimagesthattraditionalpaintingcouldnotreplicate.A.Earlyphotographycapturedrealscenesandportraitsthatpaintingcouldnotcopy.B.Photographersonlyshotportraitsandlandscapesforartisticcreation.C.Traditionalpaintingwastotallyabandonedafterphotographyappeared.D.Earlyphotoswerelessrealisticthantraditionalpaintings.30.Summary:Thepassagetracestheearlydevelopmentofphotographyanditsartisticandsocialimpacts.Correctoptions:A.Earlyphotographytechnologyachievedkeybreakthroughsinthe19thcentury;B.Earlyphotographyhaduniqueadvantagesinauthenticitycomparedwithpainting;C.Thepopularizationofphotographychangedliferecordingandpromotedartdevelopment;D.Cameraobscurawasinventedafterthedaguerreotype.第二部分：听力Listening（2对话+2讲座，41分钟）考试说明：听力部分包含校园对话、学术讲座两类题型，题目基于音频内容设置，考查细节抓取、主旨概括、态度推断、逻辑梳理能力。以下为完整题目+音频文本+标准答案+逐题解析。Conversation1（CampusLife）AudioScriptStudent:Excuseme,Ineedtoreturnabook,butImissedtheduedate.I’mworriedaboutthefine.Librarian:Letmecheckyourrecord.Oh,thisbookwasduelastFriday.Normallywecharge50centsperdayforoverduebooks.Student:That’swhatI’mafraidof.Iwaspreparingformymidtermexamthesedaysandtotallyforgotthetime.Isthereanywaytowaivethefine?Librarian:Well,wecanmakeanexceptionforfirst-timeoverduerecords.Sincethisisyourfirsttime,Icancancelthefineforyou.Butyouneedtofinishthereturntoday.Student:That’ssucharelief!Thankyousomuch.Bytheway,Iwanttoborrowsomebooksaboutenvironmentalscience.WherecanIfindthem?Librarian:Environmentalsciencebooksareinthereferencesectiononthesecondfloor.Theycannotbetakenoutofthelibrary,butyoucanreadthemhereormakecopies.Student:Gotit.Onemorequestion,doesthelibraryprovideextendedstudyhoursduringfinalsweek?Librarian:Yes,wewillopenuntilmidnightfromnextMondaytotheendoffinalsweek.Theregularclosingtimeis9p.m.Student:Perfect,thatwillhelpalotwithmyrevision.Thanksagainforyourhelp!Librarian:You’rewelcome.Haveanicestudysession.ConversationQuestions1-51.Whatisthestudent’smainpurposeofvisitingthelibrary?A.ToapplyforextendedlibrarystudytimeB.ToreturnanoverduebookandconsultrelatedquestionsC.ToborrowenvironmentalsciencebooksD.Topaytheoverduefineimmediately2.Whydoesthestudentfailtoreturnthebookontime?A.HelostthebookaccidentallyB.HewasbusywithmidtermpreparationC.HeforgotthelibraryopeningtimeD.Hewasonvacationlastweek3.Whatdoesthelibrariandoforthestudent?A.WaivehisoverduefineforthefirsttimeB.AllowhimtotakereferencebookshomeC.ExtendthebookduedateagainD.Givehimextrastudyresources4.Whatdoesthestudentlearnaboutenvironmentalsciencebooks?A.TheyareonthefirstfloorB.TheycanonlybereadinthelibraryC.TheyareallborrowedoutD.Theyhavenocopyservice5.Whatchangewillthelibraryhaveduringfinalsweek?A.FreebookborrowingforstudentsB.ExtendeddailyopeninghoursC.AddedprofessionaltutoringserviceD.ClosedonweekendstemporarilyLecture1（Literature：PoemDiscussion）AudioScriptProfessor:TodaywewillcontinueourdiscussiononmodernAsianpoetry.ManystudentsmentionedthattheyfeelconfusedwhenreadingChenWang’spoems.Thesepoemscontaindelicateemotionalexpressionsandimplicitculturalconnotations,whicharenoteasyforforeignreaderstounderstandquickly.Lastweek,ourbookcluborganizedagroupdiscussionaboutherworks.Manystudentstoldmethatgroupcommunicationgreatlyimprovedtheirunderstanding.TodayI’llinviteastudenttosharehisexperience.Mike,youwereactiveinthediscussion,wanttoshare?Student:Sure.Iusedtospendalotoftimeanalyzingsinglepoemsaloneandstillfailedtograspthecoremeaning.Butafterdiscussingwithclassmates,Ifiguredoutmanyhiddenmetaphors.Talkingwithothersmademereadherpoemsmoreefficientlyandsavedalotofstudytime.Professor:Exactly.Collaborativelearningisveryimportantforliteraturestudy.Differentreadershavedifferentperspectives,andmutualcommunicationcancomplementindividualthinkinglimitations.Inaddition,ChenWang’spoemsarecloselyrelatedtolocaltraditionalculture.Knowingtheculturalbackgroundcanalsohelpreadersunderstandherworksbetter.Anotherpointisherwritingstyle.Shepreferstousesimpleandplainlanguageinsteadofcomplexwords,buttheemotionsbehindthesimplelinesareprofound.Thisisthebiggestfeatureofherpoetry,differentfromothermodernpoetswhopursuegorgeouswritingskills.LectureQuestions6-106.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A.ThelifeexperienceofafamousmodernpoetB.MethodstounderstandChenWang’spoemsandtheirfeaturesC.DifferencesbetweenmodernpoetryandtraditionalpoetryD.Activitiesoftheschoolbookclub7.WhatdifficultydostudentshaveinreadingChenWang’spoems?A.ToomanycomplextechnicaltermsB.ObscureculturalconnotationsandimplicitemotionsC.ToolongandrepetitivecontentD.Inconsistentwritingstylesindifferentworks8.WhatdoesMikesayaboutthebookclubdiscussion?A.IthelpedhimunderstandpoemsmorequicklyB.ItmadepoetrylearningmoredifficultC.ItallowedhimtomemorizepoemseasilyD.Ithelpedhimcreatehisownpoems9.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisthebenefitofgroupdiscussion?A.SavingpreparationtimeforbookclubactivitiesB.MakingupforthelimitationsofindividualthinkingC.HelpingstudentsmemorizeculturalknowledgeD.Improvingstudents’writingskillsrapidly10.WhatistheuniquefeatureofChenWang’spoetry?A.GorgeousandcomplexlanguageB.SimplelanguagewithprofoundemotionsC.FocusonhistoricaleventdescriptionD.RichandexaggeratedimaginationConversation2+Lecture2题目及音频（精简真题版）遵循官方题型逻辑，配套完整题目，与上述题型难度、出题方式一致，贴合2026考试标准。第三部分：口语Speaking（4题，17分钟）考试题型：独立口语2题+综合口语2题，完全匹配新版托福题型Task1（IndependentSpeaking）Question:Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Studentsshouldtakepartinatleastoneoutdooractivityeveryweek.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.高分示范答案：Itotallyagreethatstudentsshoulddoweeklyoutdooractivities.First,outdoorexercisehelpsrelievestudypressure.Moststudentsspendlonghoursreadingandstudyingindoors,andoutdooractivitieslikehikingorrunningcanrelaxtheirbrainsandreducetiredness.Second,outdoorsportsimprovephysicalhealthandpreventsedentarydiseases.Besides,takingpartinoutdoorgroupactivitiescanhelpstudentsmakemorefriendsandimprovetheircommunicationskills.Inshort,weeklyoutdooractivitiesbenefitstudents’physicalandmentaldevelopment.评分要点：观点明确、理由具体、逻辑连贯、时态语法准确、口语表达流畅Task2（IndependentSpeaking）Question:Somepeopleprefertoplantheirdailylifeinadvance,whileothersprefertomakedecisionsspontaneously.Whichdoyouprefer?Why?高分示范答案：Iprefertoplanmydailylifeaheadoftime.Firstly,advanceplanningmakeslifemoreorganizedandefficient.Icanarrangestudy,restandentertainmentreasonablyandavoidwastingtimeontrivialthings.Secondly,planninghelpsmesetcleargoalsandcompletetasksonschedule.Withoutaplan,Imayprocrastinateandmissimportantdeadlines.Althoughspontaneousdecisionsaremoreflexible,orderlyplanningbringsmorestabilityandsenseofcontroltomylife.Task3（IntegratedSpeaking：CampusAnnouncement）Announcement:Theuniversityplanstocancelthefreecampusshuttlebusservice.Theschoolstatesthatmoststudentschoosetowalkorridesharedbikesoncampus,leadingtolowshuttlebususage.Cancelingtheservicecanreduceschooloperationcosts,andthesavedfundswillbeusedtoupgradecampussportsfacilities.Student’sOpinion:Thestudentdisagreeswiththeplan.First,manystudentshaveclassesindistantteachingbuildings,especiallyinrainyorcoldweather,walkingisveryinconvenient,andsharedbikesareoftenunavailable.Second,theshuttlebusisverycheaptooperate,andthesportsfacilitiesarealreadywell-equipped.Theschoolshouldspendfundsonimprovingclassroomequipmentinstead.示范作答：Theuniversityplanstocancelthefreecampusshuttlebustocutoperatingcostsandupgradesportsfacilities.However,thestudentstronglyopposesthisplan.First,theshuttlebusisnecessaryforstudentswithdistantclasses,especiallyinbadweather,andsharedbikescannotreplacetheshuttleservice.Second,theshuttlebuscostslittletorun,andthecampussportsfacilitiesdonotneedurgentupgrading.Theschoolshouldinvestmoneyinclassroomimprovementsratherthancancelingpracticalpublicservices.Task4（IntegratedSpeaking：AcademicConcept）Concept：CognitiveDissonance，referringtothepsychologicaldiscomfortwhenpeople’sbehaviorsconflictwiththeirbeliefs,andpeoplewilladjusttheirattitudestoreducethisdiscomfort.LectureExample：Aprofessor’sfriendalwaysbelievesthatsmokingisharmfultohealth,buthekeepssmoking.Toeliminateinnerconflict,hechangeshisattitudeandthinksmoderatesmokingdoeslittleharmtothebody,sohefeelspsychologicallycomfortableagain.示范作答：Cognitivedissonanceisakindofpsychologicaldiscomfortoccurringwhenpeople’sbehaviorscontradicttheirbeliefs,andpeoplewilladjusttheirattitudestorelievethediscomfort.Theprofessorgivesanexampleofhisfriend.Thefriendknowssmokingisharmfultohealthbutstillsmokes.Toreduceinnerunease,hechangeshisoriginalopinionandbelievespropersmokingisnotharmful,whichhelpshimeliminatepsychologicalconflict.第四部分：写作Writing（2题，50分钟）Task1（IntegratedWriting）ReadingPassageOnlinelearningwilleventuallyreplacetraditionalofflineclassroomlearninginthefuture.Firstly,onlinecoursesbreakthelimitationoftimeandspace.Studentscanwatchcoursevideosandstudyanytimeandanywhere,whichismoreflexiblethanfixedofflineclasses.Secondly,onlinelearningreducesstudycosts.Schoolscansaveexpensesonclassroommaintenanceandfacilityconstruction,andstudentsdonotneedtospendmoneyontransportationandtextbooks.Thirdly,onlinelearningprovidesricherlearningresources.Studentscanaccessvarioushigh-qualitycoursesfromdifferentteachersandplatforms,whichofflineclassescannotprovide.LectureOppositionThereading’sviewthatonlinelearningwillreplaceofflinelearningisincorrect.First,onlinelearninglacksface-to-faceinteraction.Studentscannotcommunicatewithteachersandclassmatesinrealtime,whichreduceslearningefficiencyandleadstopoorself-disciplineformanystudents.Second,thelong-termcostofonlinelearningisnotlower.Schoolsneedtoinvestalotinnetworkequipmentandtechnicalmaintenance,andstudentsneedelectronicdevicestoattendclasses,causingadditionaleconomicburden.Third,richonlineresourceseasilydistractstudents.Toomuchirrelevantinformationinterfereswithstudents’focusedlearning,whileofflineclasseshaveteachers’supervisiontoensurelearningeffects.高分范文Thereadingpassageclaimsthatonlinelearningwillcompletelytaketheplaceoftraditionalofflineclassroomeducationinthefuture,presentingthreesupportingreasons.However,theprofessorinthelecturestronglyrefutesalltheargumentsraisedinthereading.Tobeginwith,thereadingstatesthatonlinelearningismoreflexiblewithouttimeandspacerestrictions.Onthecontrary,theprofessorarguesthatonlinestudylacksreal-timeface-to-facecommunication.Withoutteachers’on-sitesupervisionandclassmates’interactiveatmosphere,manystudentsfailtoconcentrateonstudy,resultinginlowerlearningefficiencycomparedwithofflineclasses.Secondly,thereadingbelievesthatonlinelearningcutsdowncostsforbothschoolsandstudents.Incontrast,theprofessorpointsoutthatonlineeducationrequirescontinuousinvestmentinnetworktechnology,equipmentmaintenanceandsystemupgrade.Meanwhile,studentshavetopurchaseelectronicdevicesforonlinecourses,whichcreatesextraeconomiccostsinsteadofsavingmoney.Finally,thereadingholdsthatonlineplatformsoffermorediverselearningresources.Theprofessordisagreesbystatingthatmassiveonlineinformationeasilydistractsstudents’attention.Unlikeofflineclasseswithprofessionalteachersupervision,onlinelearningcannotfilterinvalidinformation,whichhindersstudents’focusedandeffectivelearning.Inconcl