06-专题6 三大从句、并列连词和特殊句式

专题6

三大从句、并列连词和特殊句式01高考感知02考点突破03分层训练高考感知1.[2025全国一卷]

An

exhibition

at

the

Jiushi

Art

Museum

in

Shanghai

is

featuring

artwork

inspired

by

Go,

or

weiqi

in

Chinese,

_______

originated

in

China

more

than

4,000

years

ago.which2.[2025全国二卷·改编]

Yet

now,

I

live

in

the

countryside

of

Zhejiang,

China

with

my

Chinese

husband

and

his

family,

_______

bamboo

and

tea

bushes

（灌木）

grow

wild

in

the

mountains,

chickens

are

always

free-range,

and

central

heating

doesn’t

exist.where3.[2024全国新课标Ⅰ·改编]

The

Glasshouse

stands

as

a

great

achievement

in

contemporary

design,

to

house

the

plants

of

the

southwestern

part

of

China

at

the

end

of

a

path

retracing

（追溯）

the

steps

along

the

Silk

Route

__________

brought

the

plants

from

their

native

habitat

in

Asia

to

come

to

define

much

of

the

richness

of

gardening

in

England.that/which4.[2024全国新课标Ⅱ]

Chinese

cultural

elements

commemorating

（纪念）

Tang

Xianzu,

_____

is

known

as

“the

Shakespeare

of

Asia,”

add

an

international

character

to

Stratford-upon-Avon,

William

Shakespeare’s

hometown.who5.[2023全国甲]

Yet,

the

form

of

the

fable

still

has

values

today,

___

Rachel

Carson

says

in

“A

Fable

for

Tomorrow.”as6.[2022全国新高考Ⅰ]

The

GPNP

is

intended

to

provide

stronger

protection

for

all

the

species

_____

live

within

the

Giant

Panda

Range

and

significantly

improve

the

health

of

the

ecosystem

in

the

area.that7.[2023全国新课标Ⅱ·改编]

They

also

need

to

be

ready

to

give

interviews

in

English

with

international

journalists.

This

is

_____

they

need

an

English

trainer.why8.[2021全国新高考Ⅰ]

______

is

so

breathtaking

about

the

experience

is

the

out-of-this-world

scenes.What9.[2020全国Ⅲ·改编]

_________

he

asked

the

villagers

on

the

banks

of

the

river

where

he

could

find

the

legendary

（传奇的）

artist,

they

smiled

and

pointed

down

the

river.When/As10.[2019全国Ⅲ·改编]

On

our

way

to

the

house,

it

was

raining

____

hard

that

we

couldn’t

help

wondering

how

long

it

would

take

to

get

there.so11.[2025全国二卷]

But

it’s

amazing

how

you

can

adapt

_____

learn

in

a

new

environment.and12.[2023全国新课标Ⅰ·改编]

To

eat

one,

you

have

to

decide

whether

to

bite

a

small

hole

in

it

first,

releasing

the

steam

and

risking

a

spill

（溢出）,

___

to

put

the

whole

dumpling

in

your

mouth,

letting

the

hot

soup

explode

on

your

tongue

（舌头）.or13.[2021全国甲]

My

bike

was

old

and

shaky

_______

did

the

job.but/yet14.[2016全国Ⅱ]

It

could

be

anything—gardening,

cooking,

music,

sports—but

whatever

it

is,

______（make）

sure

it’s

a

relief

from

daily

stress

rather

than

another

thing

to

worry

about.make

that和what的用法区别是高频考点也是难点，两者的区别在于that在从句中不作成分，而what在从句中常作主语或宾语，可译为“……的东西/事物”。③状语从句：高考对状语从句的考查，主要涉及when或as引导的时间状语从句和so…

that…引导的结果状语从句等。#15

并列连词（6年14考）：常考的并列连词包括and，

but/yet，

or等。

特殊句式（6年0考）：强调句重点掌握其基本句式“It

is/was

+被强调部分+that/who+其他”；祈使句虽考查较少，但需牢记其常用句型，以准确辨别；倒装句考查也较少，但如能熟练掌握其结构并将其应用于书面表达中，能大大提升文章的档次。#17

定语从句：首先判断设空处引导定语从句：设空处前的句子完整，引导的从句修饰空前的名词（短语）或代词，且设空处前后的句子没有其他连词连接。若设空处引导的从句缺成分，使用关系代词，指人用that/who/whom，指物用that/which，指代整个句子用as/which；whose既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语。若设空处引导的从句不缺成分，使用关系副词when/where/why。

名词性从句：首先判断设空处引导名词性从句：设空处前句子不完整且设空处前有动词（短语）或介词（同位语从句除外）。若设空处引导的从句缺成分，使用引导词who/whom/what/which。若设空处引导的从句不缺成分且语义完整，使用that；若语义不完整，根据句意，使用whether/how/why/when/where等。

状语从句：首先判断设空处引导状语从句：设空处前后句子完整，且两个句子不是并列或者递进关系。根据句意（表时间/地点/条件/原因/结果等）和固定句式（so/such…

that；not…

until；hardly/scarcely…

when等）确定引导词。

并列连词：①关系分析法：分析设空处前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪一个连词。②固定句式法：祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用

and,表示转折用or。

特殊句式：①强调句：被强调的部分指人时，可用who/that;强调事或物时只能用that。②倒装句：完全倒装在语法填空中通常结合主谓一致一起考查。③祈使句：祈使句+and/or+陈述句，用and

还是or

取决于句意。考点突破第1节

定语从句考点27

关系代词考点28

关系副词1.关系代词的用法#1关系代词用

法例

句who用于指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。This

is

the

person

who

wanted

to

see

you.这就是想要见你的人。（作主语）关系代词用

法例

句whom用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替；但是，若从句中的介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom直接跟在介词后作宾语，不可用who代替。In

our

class,

there

are

48

students,

half

of

whom

are

girls.我们班有48名学生，其中有一半是女生。（作宾语）续表关系代词用

法例

句which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。She

created

an

atmosphere

which

allowed

her

students

to

communicate

freely

with

each

other.她营造了一种让她的学生可以互相自由交流的氛围。（作主语）续表关系代词用

法例

句that既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who，

whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。The

old

town

has

small

houses

that

are

built

close

to

each

other.那座古镇里，小巧的房屋比邻而建。（作主语）续表关系代词用

法例

句that既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who，

whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。Some

people

register

a

list

of

things

（that）

they

want

or

need

for

their

new

home.有些人会为他们的新家登记他们想要或需要的东西的清单。（作宾语）续表关系代词用

法例

句whose表示所属关系，既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时相当于of

which；指人时相当于

of

whom。Dr

Rowan,whose

secretary

resigned

two

weeks

ago,

has

had

to

do

all

his

own

typing.罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他只能自己做所有的打字工作。（作定语）续表关系代词用

法例

句as引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构：①“such+名词+as…”意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；He

is

such

a

man

as

is

always

ready

to

help

others.他是那种总是乐于帮助别人的人。（作主语）续表关系代词用

法例

句as引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用于下列结构：①“such+名词+as…”意为“像……一样的；像……之类的”；That’s

as

good

a

tool

as

I

can

find.那是我所能找到的最好的工具。（作宾语）续表关系代词用

法例

句as②“as（否定句中可用so）+形容词+名词+as…”意为“……样的人或物”（这种结构前面的as/so为副词）；③“the

same（+名词+）as…”意为“和……一样的”。I

have

the

same

book

as

you

（have）.我有一本和你一样的书。（作宾语）续表关系代词用

法例

句as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为“正如；像”。As

he

often

did,

he

stopped

by

the

“after

work

auction”

run

by

the

Italian

police.像往常一样，他顺便去了由意大利警方经营的“下班后拍卖”（拍卖会）。（作宾语）关系代词在从句中作宾语时一般可省略，但其前有介词时一般不可省略。#1.1.1续表2.关系代词that和which的特殊用法Point

1

限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用

that

不用

which

的情况（1）先行词是指物的all,

any,

few,

little,

much,

none,

something,

everything，

nothing,

anything

等不定代词，或被all，

any，

every,

few，

little，

no等词修饰时。●I

refuse

to

accept

the

blame

for

something

that

was

someone

else’s

fault.我拒绝为别人的过错承担责任。●Please

send

us

all

the

information

that

you

have

about

the

candidate

for

the

position.请把你所掌握的有关这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。#（2）先行词被the

only,

the

very,

the

last,

the

same,

the

right等词修饰时。●It

is

the

very

book

that

I

want

to

read.它正是我想读的书。【特别注意】先行词被the

same修饰时，如果表示同一事物，应用the

same…

that；但如果表示相同种类的事物，则用the

same…

as。●This

is

the

same

pen

that

I

used

yesterday.这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。（that表示同一支钢笔）●This

is

the

same

pen

as

I

used

yesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。（as表示同类的钢笔）（3）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级，或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。●The

first

letter

that

I

get

from

him

will

be

kept.我收到的他的第一封来信将被保存起来。（4）先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。●She

took

photographs

of

the

things

and

people

that

she

was

interested

in.她拍下了自己感兴趣的事物和人的照片。（5）先行词是主句的表语，关系代词在从句中也作表语时。●Shenzhen

is

no

longer

the

city

that

it

used

to

be.深圳已不再是从前的那个城市了。（6）当主句是以

who

或

which

开头的特殊疑问句时。●Who

is

the

man

that

is

giving

us

the

lecture?给我们上课的那个男人是谁？（7）主句是there

be句型，且关系词在从句中作主语时，如果先行词指物，用that，不用which；如果先行词指人，常用who引导定语从句。●There

is

a

room

in

the

building

that

is

still

free.这栋大楼里还有一个房间空着。●There

is

a

girl

who

wants

to

see

you.有一个女孩想见你。Point

2

当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词只用

which不用

that

的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句时,只用which,不用that。●A

coin

will

be

put

into

the

cake,

which

signifies

success

in

the

new

year

for

the

person

who

receives

it.一枚硬币会被放入蛋糕，这表示收到它的人在新的一年里会取得成功。（2）关系代词前有介词时，只用which，不用that。●Protecting

the

mountain

forests

in

which

giant

pandas

live

is

good

for

many

other

animals.保护大熊猫所生活的山地森林对许多其他动物是有益的。（3）先行词本身是that时，只用which。●What

is

that

which

you

have

just

stuffed

into

the

plastic

cup?你刚才塞进塑料杯里的是什么东西？Point

3

当先行词指人时，定语从句中关系代词只用who不用that的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句，只用who，不用that。●Tom,

who

is

my

best

friend,

has

gone

abroad

to

study.我最好的朋友汤姆已经去国外求学了。（2）先行词是one,

ones,

he,

they,

those

等词时，只用who。●He

who

does

not

reach

the

Great

Wall

is

not

a

true

man.不到长城非好汉。3.关系代词as和which的区别as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，此时先行词可为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，两者可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，均不可省略。Point

1

as

引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，用于引出说话人的观点、看法，或指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如”；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，which意为“这；这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列分句，对主句内容进行补充、说明、评论等。#1.2●As

we

know,

Shakespeare

is

a

famous

writer.正如我们所知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。●

After

graduating

from

college,

I

took

some

time

off

to

go

travelling,

which

turned

out

to

be

a

wise

decision.我大学毕业以后，抽出了一些时间去旅行，后来证明这是个明智的决定。#1.2.2Point

2

as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于一些固定结构：as

is

well

known/known

to

all

众所周知as

we

all

know

众所周知as

was

expected/reported/announced

正如所预料/报道/宣布的那样as

has

been

said

before

正如之前所述as

is

mentioned

above

正如上面提到的as

sb

says

正如某人所说as

is

often

the

case

这是常有的事●He

won

first

prize,

as

was

expected.正如所预料的那样，他得了一等奖。4.“介词+关系代词”的用法Point

1“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用

which

或

whom，且不能省略。●Many

lessons

are

now

available

online,

from

which

students

can

choose

for

free.现在有很多课程可以从网上获得，学生可以从中免费选择。●The

man

with

whom

she

entered

the

hall

was

her

husband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男士是她的丈夫。#1.1.2【特别注意】在限制性定语从句中，有些动词短语不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：

look

for,

come

across,

take

care

of,

look

forward

to等。●The

patient

that/whom/who

she

is

looking

after

is

her

father.她正在照料的病人是她的父亲。【归纳总结】“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句中介词的确定：（1）根据从句中动词、形容词等的习惯搭配来确定。●Do

you

know

the

girl

with/to

whom

the

teacher

talked

just

now?

你认识刚才和老师谈话的那个女孩吗？（表示“与某人交谈”时，talk常与with或to搭配）续表（2）根据与先行词的搭配来确定。●This

is

the

farm

on

which

he

works.这就是他工作所在的农场。（farm常与on搭配）（3）根据语义表达的需要来确定。●Knowledge

is

the

wings

with

which

we

realise

our

dreams.知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。（with表示用某种手段、工具）续表Point

2

“短语介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中作地点状语时，从句常用倒装语序。●He

is

studying

in

the

classroom

now,

in

front

of

which

stand

two

trees.他现在正在教室里学习，教室前面有两棵树。Point

3

“介词+which+名词”结构引导定语从句。常见的这类结构有：during/at

which

time

在此期间/在这时at

which

point

在这一时刻for

which

reason

由于这个原因in

which

case

在这一情况下●Mother

is

preparing

lunch,

during

which

time

children

are

playing

outside.妈妈在准备午餐，在此期间，孩子们在外面玩耍。Point

4

“the+名词+of

which/whom”结构引导的定语从句，一般为非限制性定语从句。该结构中的名词和后面的关系代词为所属关系。●There

are

twenty

students

in

this

class,

the

backgrounds

of

whom

are

different.这个班上有20名学生,他们的背景各不相同。Point

5

“表示全部或部分的词或结构+of

which/whom”结构引导定语从句。常见的表示全部或部分的词或结构有：不定代词（all,

both,

none,

some,

most,

several等）；数词（基数词、序数词、百分数、分数）；“the+形容词最高级/比较级”。●Scientists

have

advanced

many

theories

about

why

human

beings

cry

tears,

none

of

which

has

been

proved.关于为什么人类哭的时候会流泪，科学家们已经提出了很多理论，其中没有一个被证实。当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词有时可以用“介词+关系代词”替换。Point

1

关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表示时间的介词（in,

at,

on,

during等）+which”。●He

lived

in

a

time

when

（=in

which）

the

blind

couldn’t

get

much

education.他生活在盲人难以获得多少教育的时代。Point

2

关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表示地点的介词（in,

at,

on,

under等）+which”。●I

walked

up

to

the

top

of

the

hill

with

my

friend,

where

（=at

which）

we

enjoyed

a

splendid

view

of

the

lake.我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到了壮丽的湖光美景。【特别注意】如果先行词为表示地点的词，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which引导。●At

last

he

got

the

position

（that/which）

he

had

been

dreaming

of.他最终得到了自己梦寐以求的那个职位。Point

3

关系副词

why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于for

which。●Do

you

know

the

reason

why

（=for

which）

he

didn’t

attend

the

meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？易混1

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别区

别

点限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句意思不完整。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句意思不受影响。标点从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。区

别

点限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词（that/which/whom/who）作宾语时可以省略。关系代词作宾语时不能省略；不能用that引导。先行词从句只修饰主句中的名词或代词。从句可修饰主句中的名词或代词，还可修饰主句中的一部分或整个主句。续表易混2

定语从句和并列句及其他从句的混淆（1）定语从句与并列句的混淆。判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键看题干中第二个句子前是否有and，

but等并列连词或分号等。如果有，则为并列句；反之则为定语从句。#1.1如：怀特先生有三个儿子，他们都很勇敢。●Mr

White

has

three

sons,

all

of

whom

are

brave.（定语从句）●Mr

White

has

three

sons,

and

all

of

them

are

brave.（并列句）●Mr

White

has

three

sons;

all

of

them

are

brave.（并列句）此句还可表达为：Mr

White

has

three

sons,

all

of

them

brave.（all

of

them

brave为独立主格结构）#（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句与what引导的主语从句以及it作形式主语时的主语从句的混淆。①as引导的非限制性定语从句放在句首时，其后用逗号与主句隔开，as在从句中作成分。②what引导主语从句时既作成分又起连接作用。③it在句中只作形式主语。如：众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。#2.3.1●As

is

known

to

us

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.（As引导非限制性定语从句）●What

is

known

to

us

all

is

that

China

is

a

developing

country.（What引导主语从句）●It

is

known

to

us

all

that

China

is

a

developing

country.（It作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语）#易混3

way和time后的定语从句的关系词（1）如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少方式状语，则从句可用in

which或that引导，也可省略；如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用which或that引导该从句。若关系词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。●Please

tell

me

the

way

（in

which/that）

you

worked

out

the

maths

problems.请告诉我你解出这几道数学题的方法。●I

think

the

way

（that/which）

he

told

me

is

the

best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法是最好的。（2）若time表示“一段时间”，且从句中缺少时间状语，则用关系副词when或“介词+which”；当time作“次数”讲时，关系词用that，也可省略。●There

was

a

time

when（=during

which）

we

lived

in

Beijing.有一段时间我们住在北京。●I

could

hardly

remember

how

many

times

（that）

I’ve

failed.我几乎记不清我已经失败过多少次了。第2节

名词性从句考点29

主语从句考点30

宾语从句考点31

表语从句考点32

同位语从句1.主语从句的引导词#1引导词作

用例

句that,

whether,

if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。To

this

day,

it’s

unclear

whether

he

shot

himself

or

was

murdered.至今尚不清楚他是开枪自杀的还是被谋杀的。what,

who,

whose,which,

whichever,whoever,

whatever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。What

Barbara

Jones

offers

to

her

fans

is

honesty

and

happiness.芭芭拉·琼斯给予她粉丝们的是真诚和快乐。引导词作

用例

句how,

when,

where,

why等在从句中作状语。Why

they

suddenly

disappeared

still

remains

a

mystery.它们为什么突然消失仍然是个谜。续表【特别注意】（1）当主语从句位于句首,且连接词表示“是否”时，常用whether引导,而不用if。●Whether

you

can

succeed

or

not

depends

on

how

hard

you

work

at

it.你能否成功取决于你为此付出多大的努力。（2）that引导主语从句时,不可省略。●That

he

is

still

alive

is

a

wonder.他还活着就是一个奇迹。续表（3）从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，但也有特殊情况，如what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于其表达的含义。●What

he

said

is

true.他所说的是真的。（从句作主语表示单数含义，谓语动词用单数）●What

he

needs

are

books.他需要的是书。（从句作主语表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数）续表2.it作形式主语，主语从句后置#2句

型例

句It+be+形容词（necessary/likely/clear/important/obvious等）+从句It

is

by

no

means

clear

what

the

president

can

do

to

end

the

strike.总统能做什么来结束罢工,一点儿都不清楚。It+be+名词/名词词组（a

shame/a

pity/no

wonder/good

news/no

surprise等）+从句It

is

a

shame

that

we

lost

such

an

important

customer.真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。句

型例

句It

+

be+过去分词（said/believed/reported/expected/estimated）+从句It

is

said

that

our

school

will

hold

a

sports

meeting

next

week.据说我们学校下周要举行运动会。It+动词/动词短语（seem/appear/happen/matter/occur

to

sb/turn

out）+从句It

doesn’t

matter

whether

you

pay

in

cash

or

by

credit

card

in

this

store.在这家商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都可以。续表【特别注意】当it作形式主语,主语从句后置时,用if或whether引导均可；但主语从句后置且引导词后紧跟or

not时，则只能用whether引导。续表1.宾语从句的引导词连接词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。常用的引导词如下：#3.1连接词that,

whether,

if连接代词what,

who,

whose,

which,

whatever,

whoever,

whichever等连接副词how,

when,

where,

why等●We’ve

offered

her

the

job,

but

I

don’t

know

whether

she’ll

accept

it.

我们已经给她提供了工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。●It

is

difficult

for

us

to

imagine

what

life

was

like

for

slaves

in

the

ancient

society.对我们来说，很难想象古代社会中奴隶的生活是什么样子的。●Scientists

study

how

human

brains

work

to

make

computers.科学家们通过研究人脑如何工作来制造电脑。#3.1.4【特别注意】（1）that

引导宾语从句时，常可省略，但下列情况下不能省略：①that从句作介词的宾语时；②动词后跟有多个that引导的并列宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；③动词与that从句之间有插入语时；④it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中的that通常不可省略。●I

know

nothing

about

him

except

that

he

is

from

the

countryside.除了知道他来自乡下以外，我对他一无所知。●He

said

（that）

he

liked

rain

very

much

and

that

he

wouldn’t

use

an

umbrella

when

it

was

raining.他说他非常喜欢雨，下雨时他都不会打伞。●We

hope,

on

the

contrary,

that

he

will

stay

at

home

with

us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们一起待在家里。●He

made

it

quite

clear

that

he

preferred

tea

to

juice.他非常清楚地表示，跟果汁相比他更喜欢茶。续表（2）在介词后的宾语从句中，表示“是否”时，连接词只用whether，不用if。●It

depends

on

whether

you

can

finish

the

project

on

time.那取决于你是否能按时完成那个项目。（3）与or

not

连用时，只用whether不用if。●I

am

not

going

to

ask

you

questions

to

find

out

whether

or

not

you

understand

the

books.我不会问你问题来弄清你是否理解这些书。续表2.it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置Point

1

一些动词后有宾语从句和宾语补足语（形容词或名词等）时，常用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：#4.1find

发现

feel

感觉

think

认为consider

认为

believe

相信

guess

猜测suppose

假定；设想

make

使得●I

think

it

necessary

that

we

drink

plenty

of

water

every

day.我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。Point

2

like,

appreciate,

enjoy,

dislike,

hate等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”等情感的动词以及see

to,

depend

on,

rely

on等动词短语后常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。●I

hate

it

when

people

smoke

in

public

places.

我讨厌人们在公共场所吸烟。#4.2.1Point

1

连接词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。#5连接词that,

whether等连接代词what,

who,

whom,

whose,

which等连接副词how,

when,

where,

why等●But

the

bottom

line

is

that

I

shouldn’t

lie

to

my

kids

in

any

situation.但是，底线是在任何情况下我都不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。●The

question

is

whether

you

can

afford

it.问题是你是否买得起。●The

best

moment

for

the

football

star

was

when

he

scored

the

winning

goal.对这位足球明星而言，最精彩的时刻是他射进制胜球的时候。#5.1.3【特别注意】一般不用if引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时一般不省略。Point

2

其他连接词引导的表语从句（1）as

if/as

though引导的表语从句，常与连系动词seem，

look，

feel,

taste，

sound等连用；若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气。（2）because，

why也可引导表语从句。但当because

引导表语从句时，主句主语不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型：#5.2.2This/That

is

why…

这/那就是……的原因。This/That

is

because…

这/那是因为……●This

is

why

we

missed

the

early

bus.这就是我们错过了早班车的原因。#【特别注意】当主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般用that引导，不能用why或because；主句主语是reason时，why可以引导定语从句：The

reason

why…

is

that…

（……的原因是……）。●The

reason

why

he

came

late

was

that

he

got

up

late.他来晚是因为他起晚了。同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，常位于该名词之后，用以解释说明该名词的具体内容。Point

1

that引导的同位语从句that在其引导的同位语从句中只起引导的作用，不充当任何成分，但不可省略。●Housewarming

parties

get

their

name

from

the

fact

that

a

long

time

ago

people

would

actually

bring

firewood

to

a

new

home

as

a

gift.温居聚会的名字源于很久以前人们确实会带木柴作为乔迁礼物这一事实。#6.1.2Point

2

whether引导的同位语从句whether引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”，不能省略，不能用if替换。●He

asked

her

a

question

whether

they

can

be

friends.他问了她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。Point

3

连接代词/连接副词引导的同位语从句连接代词/连接副词what,

who,

which,

how,

where,

when,

why等引导同位语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分。●I

have

no

idea

where

she

is

going.我不知道她要去哪里。#6.3.2Point

4

常见的后跟同位语从句的名词#6.4advice

建议

conclusion

结论

demand

要求doubt

怀疑

fact

事实

hope

希望idea

主意

information

信息

message

消息news

消息

order

命令

problem

问题promise

诺言

question

问题

request

请求thought

想法

suggestion

建议

truth

事实wish

愿望

word

消息

desire渴望●When

the

news

came

that

the

war

broke

out,

he

decided

to

serve

in

the

army.当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军。#6.4.2易混1

that与what引导名词性从句的区别what在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；而that在从句中不作任何成分且无实际意义。●What

makes

the

book

so

extraordinary

is

the

creative

imagination

of

the

writer.使得这本书如此出色的是作者创造性的想象力。（What

引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语）●It

suddenly

occurred

to

him

that

he

had

left

his

keys

in

the

office.他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室了。（that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义）易混2

whether与if引导名词性从句的区别（1）whether/if

（意为“是否”）引导动词后的宾语从句时,常常可以互换；引导主语从句时，若主语从句位于句首，常用whether，不用if；引导表语从句和同位语从句时常用whether，不用if。●I

don’t

know

whether/if

he

will

come.我不知道他是否会来。（宾语从句）●Whether

it

is

true

remains

a

question.那是不是真的，还是个疑问。（主语从句）#1.2●The

question

is

whether

the

newly

formed

committee’s

policy

can

be

adopted.问题是这个新组建的委员会的政策能否被采纳。（表语从句）#1.3【特别注意】当it作形式主语，主语从句后置时，用whether和if均可。●It

hasn’t

been

decided

whether/if

we

shall

hold

a

meeting.我们是否开会还没定下来。

易混3

同位语从句和定语从句的区别（1）从内容上讲，定语从句对先行词进行修饰限定，说明先行词的性质、特征等；而同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释，进一步说明名词的内容。（2）从引导词上讲，that引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中充当任何成分，即that引导的从句在结构和意义上均完整，且that不能省略；但that引导定语从句时，主要起三个作用：一是连接作用；二是代替先行词；三是在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，在从句中作宾语时常可省略。（3）从被修饰的名词类型上讲，定语从句修饰的先行词可以是抽象名词，也可以是具体的名词或者人；而同位语从句修饰的通常是idea,

suggestion,

possibility,

demand,

advice,

proposal,

news等抽象名词。●The

news

that

he

will

go

abroad

is

surprising.他将出国的消息令人惊讶。（that引导的是同位语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）●The

news

that

is

going

around

on

campus

surprises

me.正在校园里传播的那个消息让我很吃惊。（that引导定语从句，不仅起连接作用，而且代替先行词The

news，在从句中充当主语）第3节

状语从句和并列连词考点33

时间状语从句考点34

地点和原因状语从句考点35

目的和结果状语从句考点36

条件和方式状语从句考点37

让步和比较状语从句考点38

并列连词Point

1

when,

while

和

as

引导的时间状语从句#1连

词含

义用

法when当……时可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用。从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生。while当……时只可与延续性动词连用。强调主句动作发生在从句动作持续的过程中。as当……时；随着；一边……一边……常与延续性动词连用。从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生，可译为“一边……一边……”或“随着”。●When

a

leafy

plant

is

under

attack,

it

doesn’t

sit

quietly.当一株多叶的植物受到攻击时，它不会坐以待毙。●While

children

watch

TV,

they

do

not

merely

absorb

words

and

images.孩子们在看电视的时候，不只是在接收文字和影像（信息）。●As

he

grew

older，

he

became

less

active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活跃了。#1.1.3【知识拓展】（1）如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内持续进行的动作，则when，

while与as可互换使用。●When/While/As

I

was

walking

down

the

street,

I

came

across

an

old

friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。（2）when意为“正在这/那时，突然……”时，常用于下列句式：sb

be

about

to

do/going

to

do/on

the

point

of

doing

sth

when…（某人正要做某事，这时突然……）；

sb

be

doing

sth

when…（某人正在做某事，这时突然……）；

sb

had

just

done

sth

when…（某人刚做完某事，这时突然……）。●He

was

about

to

go

out

when

the

telephone

rang.他正要出去时，电话铃响了。续表Point

2

表示“一……就……”含义的词、短语或结构引导的时间状语从句（1）有的名词短语或副词可作连词引导时间状语从句，如：the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,

immediately,

directly,

instantly等。另外，as

soon

as也可引导时间状语从句。●The

boy

ran

off

the

minute

he

saw

the

owner

of

the

orchard.那个男孩一看到果园的主人就跑开了。●Immediately

you

begin

to

speak,

he

gives

you

his

full

attention.你一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。（2）在hardly/scarcely…

when…

和no

sooner…

than…

结构中，主句用过去完成时,when或than所在的从句用一般过去时。●I

had

hardly

told

him

the

news

when

he

stopped

exercising.我刚告诉他那则消息，他就停止锻炼了。●He

had

no

sooner

finished

his

speech

than

the

students

started

cheering.他一完成演讲，学生们就开始欢呼。#2.2.2【特别注意】在hardly/scarcely…

when…和no

sooner…

than…结构中，当hardly,

scarcely或no

sooner位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。●They

had

hardly

reached

Edinburgh

when

they

were

ordered

to

return

to

London.=Hardly

had

they

reached

Edinburgh

when

they

were

ordered

to

return

to

London.他们刚抵达爱丁堡就被命令返回伦敦。【知识拓展】介词短语on/upon

doing

sth和“on/upon+one’s+n.”也可表达“一……就……”；当动名词和名词在意义上相同时，这两个结构可互换。●On

arriving

at

the

station,

the

thief

was

arrested.刚到火车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。●On

his

arrival

in

Paris,

he

was

recognised

as

a

noble

and

thrown

into

prison.他刚到巴黎，就被认出是贵族并被关入监狱。续表Point

3

until和till引导的时间状语从句until和till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。当主句是肯定句时，主句谓语动词通常为延续性动词，表示某动作一直持续到某时间为止。当主句是否定句时，其谓语动词通常为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始，一般译为“直到……才……”。until可位于句首，而till通常不位于句首。●The

father

waited

until/till

his

daughter

had

finished

her

homework.那位父亲一直等到他的女儿做完作业。●The

baby

didn’t

go

to

bed

until/till

his

mother

returned.这个婴儿直到他的妈妈回来才上床睡觉。#3.1.2Point

4

after和before引导的时间状语从句after表示“在……之后”，

before

表示“在……之前；

直到……才；

还来不及……就”。●He

changed

his

name

after

he

left

his

hometown.离开家乡后他把名字改了。#4.1.1知识拓展（1）“It

was/will

be+时间段+before

从句”表示“过了多久才……/在……之前还要多久”。●It

will

be

half

a

year

before

I

graduate.半年后我才毕业。（2）“It

won’t

be/wasn’t

long+before

从句”表示“过不了多久就……/没过多久就……”。●It

wasn’t

long

before

we

started.没过多久我们就动身了。Point

5

since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自……以来”，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。此外，since常用于以下句型：#5.1It

is/has

been+时间段+since

从句（常用一般过去时）●They

have

been

friends

since

they

met

for

the

first

time

in

London.自从在伦敦第一次见面,他们就一直是朋友。●It’s

two

years

since

we

arrived

here.我们到这儿已经两年了。#5.1.3【特别注意】若since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示从该动作开始一直延续到现在有多久；若从句谓语动词为延续性动词，则表示从该动作结束到现在已经有多久了。●It

is

three

years

since

the

war

ended.战争已经结束三年了。●It

is

three

years

since

he

lived

here.他不住在这里已经有三年了。【知识拓展】“It+be+时间+从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词。除了上述的“It

was/will

be+时间段+before从句”和“It

is/has

been+时间段+since从句”句型，考生还应区分：续表（1）“It

be+时间状语+