26-27中考英语语法-高频考点 · 易错点精讲 · 专项练习

26-27中考英语语法---高频考点·易错点精讲·专项练习01名词一、考点梳理1.分类可数名词有单复数形式，可直接与a/an连用；不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接加a/an。2.中考高频词不可数：advantage（优势）、information（信息）、progress（进步）、advice（建议）；可数：suggestion（建议，可数）。3.名词复数的五条规则①一般直接加-s：book→books②以s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es：bus→buses,box→boxes③辅音字母+y，变y为i再加-es：city→cities；元音字母+y直接加-s：boy→boys④以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加-es：knife→knives,leaf→leaves；特例roof→roofs⑤不规则变化：man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth4.不可数名词的量化借助单位词表达数量：apieceofbread（一片面包）、twopiecesofnews（两条消息）。单位词随数量变复数，不可数名词本身不变。5.名词所有格单数名词加's：Tom'spen以s结尾的复数名词只加'：students'classroom共同所有（一样东西共有）：TomandJerry'sroom（两人共用一间房）分别所有（各自的东西）：Tom'sandJerry'srooms（各自的房间）易错警示·advice不可数，不能说anadvice；suggestion可数，可说asuggestion·work（工作）不可数；job（工作）可数·news（新闻）是不可数名词，不是复数形式二、专项练习1.Therearemany______(child)playingontheplayground.2.Wecangetsome______(information)fromtheInternet.3.Thisis______(LucyandLily)bedroom.Theyshareit.4.Howmany______(knife)doyouhave?5.Hegavemesome______(suggest)onmystudy.参考答案1.children2.information3.LucyandLily's4.knives5.suggestions02代词一、考点梳理代词包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词，其中物主代词与不定代词是中考考查的重点。1.人称代词与物主代词主格（作主语）：I,you,he,she,it,we,they宾格（作宾语）：me,you,him,her,it,us,them形容词性物主代词（后面必须加名词）：my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性物主代词（后面不加名词）：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves2.不定代词（中考高频）some/any：some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句和疑问句；表示请求、期待对方作肯定回答的问句用someboth两者都；all三者及以上都either两者中任一个；neither两者都不；none三者及以上都不each每一个（强调个体）；every每一个（强调整体，不能单独作主语）something/anything/nothing：形容词要后置，如somethingimportant易错警示·It'syourbook.＝It'syours.注意your后面必须跟名词·固定搭配：helponeself（自便）、enjoyoneself（玩得开心）、byoneself（独自）·none回答howmany；nothing回答what二、专项练习1.Thisisn'tmypen.It's______(she).2.Nobodytaught______(he).Helearnedby______(he).3.—Howmanybirdscanyousee?—______.4.Thereis______interestingintoday'snewspaper.（否定含义）5.Bothoftheanswersarewrong.＝______oftheanswersisright.参考答案1.hers2.him;himself3.None4.nothing5.Neither03冠词a/an/the/零冠词一、考点梳理a：用在辅音音素开头的词前an：用在元音音素开头的词前（看发音，不看字母，如anhour/auniversity）the：特指、双方都知道的人或物、世界上独一无二的事物、序数词和最高级前、乐器名称前零冠词：球类、棋类、三餐、节日，以及by+交通工具高频对比playbasketball（不加the）／playthepiano（加the）havebreakfast（不加冠词）／haveabigbreakfast（有形容词修饰时加a）易错警示·anhour（h不发音，元音音素开头）；ahonestboy✗→anhonestboy✓·thenextday用于过去时态，意为「第二天」；nextday用于将来时态二、专项练习1.Hehas______hourforlunch.2.Sheplays______violineverydayandplays______tennisonweekends.3.______Greensarehavingdinnernow.4.Wegotoschoolby______bike.5.Thisis______usefulbook.参考答案1.an2.the;/3.The4./5.a04数词一、考点梳理基数词：one,two,three……序数词：first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd)，其余多在基数词后加-th；twenty→twentieth；nine→ninth概数表达：hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字时不加-s；hundredsof（成百上千）要加-s并跟of分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1时分母加-s，如twothirds（三分之二）易错警示·twohundredstudents✓；hundredsofstudents✓·twohundreds✗；hundredof✗二、专项练习1.Thereare______(hundred)ofbooksinourlibrary.2.______(nine)lessonisveryeasy.3.______(2/3)ofthestudentsareboys.4.Helivesonthe______(twenty)floor.5.Five______(thousand)visitorscameyesterday.参考答案1.hundreds2.Theninth3.Twothirds4.twentieth5.thousand05介词一、考点梳理时间介词：in+年/月/季节；on+具体日期、星期、有修饰的早中晚；at+具体时刻地点介词：in大地点；at小地点；on在表面高频固定搭配：begoodat,beinterestedin,beafraidof,dependon,thanksto易混对比in2025；onMondaymorning；at7:00across从表面穿过；through从内部穿过易错警示·onthemorning✗；onacoldmorning✓（有修饰词用on）；inthemorning泛指✓二、专项练习1.Wewillhaveameeting______Mondayafternoon.2.Theriverruns______thecity.（内部穿过）3.Heusuallygetsup______sixo'clock.4.______spring,treesturngreen.5.Thankyou______yourhelp.参考答案1.on2.through3.at4.In5.for06连词一、考点梳理并列连词：and和；but但是；or或者/否则；so所以从属连词：because,if,when,although重点对比although/though（虽然）不能与but连用；because不能与so连用否定句中并列用or，肯定句中并列用and易错警示·Althoughheisyoung,butheknowsalot.✗→去掉but✓二、专项练习1.Iwastired,______Ikeptworking.2.Hurryup,______youwillmissthebus.3.Hedidn'tgotoschool______hewasill.4.______itrained,westillwentout.5.Ilikeapples______bananas.参考答案1.but2.or3.because4.Although5.and07形容词与副词一、考点梳理1.基本用法形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词和副词。副词构成：一般直接加-ly；以y结尾的变y为i再加-ly；fast,hard既是形容词也是副词。2.比较级与最高级规则变化：一般加-er/-est；以e结尾加-r/-st；辅音字母+y变y为i再加-er/-est；重读闭音节双写末尾字母，如big→bigger不规则变化：good/well→better→best；bad→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；little→less→least；far→farther/further3.常用句型A+be+比较级+thanB；the+最高级+in/of+范围much+比较级（如muchbigger）；very+原级易错警示·hard作形容词意为「困难的」，作副词意为「努力地」；hardly意为「几乎不」，是高频易错点·late意为「晚的/迟地」；lately意为「最近」二、专项练习1.Tomruns______(fast)thanJim.2.Thisis______(good)bookinourshop.3.Heworks______(hard).He______eats.(hardly/hard)4.Theweatherisgetting______and______.（cold，越来越冷）5.Shesings______(beautiful).参考答案1.faster2.thebest3.hard;hardly4.colder;colder5.beautifully08动词分类与情态动词一、考点梳理1.动词分类实义动词；系动词（be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,become,get,seem）；助动词（do/does/did）；情态动词（can,may,must,should,need）2.情态动词用法情态动词后面跟动词原形，无人称变化must提问时，否定回答用needn't/don'thaveto（不必）；mustn't表示禁止may可以；can能够；should应该；hadbetter最好（后跟动词原形）3.must与haveto的对比must表示主观上的「必须」；haveto表示客观上的「不得不」，有人称和时态变化。易错警示·mustn't表示「禁止」，不是「不必」；表示「不必」要用needn't/don'thaveto二、专项练习1.You______smokehere.It'sdangerous.（禁止）2.—MustIfinishhomeworknow?—No,you______.3.You'dbetter______(go)homeearly.4.He______(haveto)getupearlyeverymorning.5.Themusic______(sound)wonderful.参考答案1.mustn't2.needn't3.go4.hasto5.sounds09八大时态核心结构+时间标志词+易错对比1.一般现在时结构：主语为第三人称单数时动词加-s/-es，其余用动词原形。标志词：often,usually,always,everyday。用法：表示常态、客观真理。2.一般过去时动词用过去式。标志词：yesterday,...ago,last...3.一般将来时willdo/begoingtodo。标志词：tomorrow,next...。begoingto表示计划或有迹象，will表示临时决定。4.现在进行时am/is/aredoing。标志词：now,look,listen5.过去进行时was/weredoing。标志词：atthattime,at8:00yesterday6.现在完成时have/hasdone。标志词：already,yet,since+时间点，for+时间段，ever,never,sofar7.过去完成时haddone，表示「过去的过去」8.过去将来时woulddo/was(were)goingtodo，多用于宾语从句重点提示·客观真理永远用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响·短暂性动词不能与for/since连用，需换成延续性表达：come→bein；buy→have；borrow→keep；die→bedead；leave→beaway易错警示·Ihavelivedherefor5years.✓·Ihavecomeherefor5years.✗（come是短暂性动词，不能持续）专项练习1.Theearth______(go)aroundthesun.2.He______(leave)2hoursago.3.Look!They______(play)football.4.I______(live)heresince2020.5.Hesaidhe______(visit)mesoon.参考答案1.goes2.left3.areplaying4.havelived5.wouldvisit10被动语态一、考点梳理基本结构：be+done，其中be随各时态变化。一般现在时被动：am/is/aredone一般过去时被动：was/weredone一般将来时被动：willbedone现在完成时被动：have/hasbeendone考点：不及物动词没有被动语态，如happen,takeplace,appear。易错警示·主动语态makesbdo；变为被动时to要还原：bemadetodo（高频考点）二、专项练习1.Manytrees______(plant)everyyear.2.Theletter______(send)yesterday.3.Anewhospital______(build)nextyear.4.Theaccident______(happen)lastnight.（无被动）5.Hewasmade______(work)12hoursaday.参考答案1.areplanted2.wassent3.willbebuilt4.happened5.towork11非谓语动词todo/doing/do一、考点梳理核心搭配todo（不定式）：wanttodo,decidetodo,hopetodo,plantododoing（动名词）：enjoydoing,practicedoing,finishdoing,minddoing,keepdoing感官动词：seesbdo（看见全过程）；seesbdoing（看见正在做）易混搭配对比stoptodo停下来去做；stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做；forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做；rememberdoing记得做过trytodo努力做；trydoing尝试做易错警示·stopdoing指停止正在做的事；stoptodo指停下当前的事，去做另一件事二、专项练习1.Ienjoy______(read)books.2.Remember______(close)doorwhenyouleave.3.Hestopped______(talk)andbegantolisten.（停止说话）4.Shedecided______(study)harder.5.Isawhim______(cross)thestreet.（全过程）参考答案1.reading2.toclose3.talking4.tostudy5.cross12句子成分与五大基本句型一、考点梳理①主谓S+V（不及物动词）：Heruns.②主谓宾S+V+O：IloveEnglish.③主系表S+V+P：Youarehappy.系动词+表语（形容词或名词）④主谓双宾S+V+IO+DO：givesbsth＝givesthtosb⑤主谓宾补S+V+O+OC：makesb+adj/letsbdo易错警示·系动词后面接形容词，不接副词：lookhappy✓；lookhappily✗二、专项练习（判断句型）1.Shesings.2.Theflowersmellsnice.3.Igavehimagift.4.Wekeeptheroomclean.5.Theyplaybasketball.参考答案1.主谓2.主系表3.主谓双宾4.主谓宾补5.主谓宾13简单句：陈述、疑问、感叹、祈使一、考点梳理祈使句：以动词原形开头；否定形式用Don't+动词原形反义疑问句：前肯后否，前否后肯。含否定词never,few,little,hardly的句子视为否定句例：Henevercomeslate,doeshe?感叹句：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词！；How+形容词/副词！易错警示·little表示「几乎没有」，含否定意义；alittle表示「有一点」，含肯定意义二、专项练习1.______(notrun)inthehall.2.Hehasfewfriends,____________?3.______beautifulgirlsheis!（What/How）4.______fastheruns!5.Youcanhardlybelieveit,____________?参考答案1.Don'trun2.doeshe3.Whata4.How5.canyou14并列句一、考点梳理and表示顺承；but表示转折；or表示否则；so表示结果notonly...butalso...意为「不仅……而且……」主谓一致遵循就近原则：notonlyAbutalsoB作主语时，谓语与B保持一致二、专项练习1.Notonlyyoubutalsohe______(like)music.2.Workhard,______youwillpasstheexam.3.Heisrich,______heisunhappy.4.Youcanchoosetea______coffee.5.Iwasill,______Istayedhome.参考答案1.likes2.and3.but4.or5.so15宾语从句三大要素：引导词、语序、时态一、考点梳理1.语序：一律用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）。Doyouknowwhereishe?✗→whereheis✓2.时态：主句现在时，从句时态按需选择；主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态；客观真理永远用一般现在时3.引导词：陈述句用that；一般疑问句用if/whether；特殊疑问句用what/when/where等疑问词易错警示·if有两个含义：作「如果」讲时引导条件状语从句，作「是否」讲时引导宾语从句二、专项练习1.Doyouknowwhere______(helive)?2.Hesaidthathe______(will)come.3.Iwanttoknow______hewillcome.（是否）4.Theteachertoldusthattheearth______(go)aroundsun.5.Couldyoutellme______Icangettothestation?参考答案1.helives2.would3.if/whether4.goes5.how16状语从句一、考点梳理时间状语从句：when,while,assoonas,until条件状语从句：if（如果），遵循「主将从现」——主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时原因状语从句：because；让步状语从句：although；比较状语从句：than例：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayhome.易混对比when后可接短暂性动词，也可接延续性动词；while后只接延续性动词。二、专项练习1.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewon'tgoout.2.Iwasreading______shewaswatchingTV.3.Iwillcallyouassoonashe______(arrive).4.Hedidn'tgotobed______hismumcameback.5.______heisold,hestillworkshard.参考答案1.rains2.while3.arrives4.until5.Although17定语从句一、考点梳理先行词指人：用who/that；先行词指物：用which/that只用that的情况：先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing等易错警示·关系词在从句中作主语时不能省略二、专项练习1.Thegirl______isstandingthereismysister.（人）2.Thisisthebestbook______Ihaveread.3.Thepen______Iboughtisblue.4.Anyone______breaksruleswillbepunished.5.All______hesaidistrue.参考答案1.who/that2.that3.which/that4.who/that5.that18Therebe句型一、考点梳理Therebe表示「某地有某物」，遵循就近原则，不能与have混用例：Thereisabookandtwopens.各时态形式：therewas/were；therewillbe；therehavebeen易错警示·Therehaveatree.✗→Thereisatree.✓二、专项练习1.There______apenandtwobooksondesk.2.There______somestudentsyesterday.3.There______(be)ameetingtomorrow.4.There______(be)greatchangessince2020.5.Thereislittlewater,____________?参考答案1.is2.were3.willbe/isgoingtobe4.havebeen5.isthere19主谓一致一、考点梳理就近原则：notonly...butalso...；either...or...；neither...nor...；therebe就远原则：with,togetherwith,aswellas连接主语时，谓语与前面的主语保持一致例：Tomwithhisfriendslikesfootball.集合名词：family强调整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数二、专项练习1.Tom,togetherwithhisfriends,______(like)football.2.Neitheryounorhe______(be)wrong.3.Myfamily______(watch)TVnow.（强调家人）4.Thenews______(be)surprising.（不可数）5.EitheryouorI______(be)wrong.参考答案1.likes2.is3.arewatching4.is5.am20感叹句一、考点梳理What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！例：Whataniceday!Hownicethedayis!二、专项练习1.______wonderfulnewsitis!2.______fastheruns!3.______lovelycatitis!4.______clevertheboyis!5.______badweather!参考答案1.What2.How3.Whata4.How5.What21情景交际一、考点梳理高频场景：感谢、道歉、请求、建议、祝贺、打电话。—Sorry!—Nevermind./Itdoesn'tmatter.—Thankyou.—You'rewelcome.—Couldyou...?—Withpleasure.（答应帮忙）／Mypleasure.（帮忙之后）易错警示·Withpleasure用于答应对方请求时；Mypleasure用于帮完忙之后回应感谢二、专项练习1.—I'msorry.—______2.—Thanksalot.—______3.—Couldyouhelpme?—______4.—Iwonthegame!—______5.—Wouldyoumindopeningwindow?—______（不介意）参考答案1.Itdoesn'tmatter.2.Mypleasure.3.Withpleasure.4.Congratulations!5.Ofcoursenot.综合演练50道中考英语易错单选题1.Thereis______“h”and______“u”intheword“hour”.A.a;aB.an;anC.an;aD.a;an2.—Howmany______arethereinyourschool?A.manteacherB.menteacherC.menteachersD.manteachers3.Ihavetwosisters.Oneisadoctor,______isateacher.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others4.—MustIfinishhomeworknow?—No,you______.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't5.______ofthetwoanswersisright.Theyarebothwrong.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.None6.Shewrites______thanhersister.A.morecarefulB.morecarefullyC.carefulerD.carefully7.Thefilmis______wonderful.Ihaveneverseena______one.A.more;betterB./;betterC.much;goodD./;good8.Wewillgohikingifit______tomorrow.A.won'trainB.doesn'trainC.isn'trainD.didn'train9.He______herefortenyears.A.hascomeB.cameC.hasbeenD.hasarrived10.Theaccident______onacoldmorning.A.washappenedB.happenedC.happenD.happening11.Thebossmadehim______10hourseveryday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked12.Hestopped______arestafterworkingforhours.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had13.Remember______yournotebookheretomorrow.A.bringB.tobringC.bringingD.brought14.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______interestedinthemovie.A.areB.isC.wasD.were15.There______abookandtwopensonthedesk.A.isB.areC.hasD.have16.Hesaidtheearth______aroundthesun.A.wentB.goesC.willgoD.go17.Couldyoutellme______?A.whereisheB.whereheisC.wherewasheD.wherehewas18.Iwasreading______mysisterwaswatchingTV.A.whenB.whileC.assoonasD.until19.______hewastired,hekeptworking.A.Although;butB.But;althoughC.AlthoughD.But20.Thisisthemostinterestingbook______Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who21.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,______?A.isthereB.isn'tthereC.isitD.isn'tit22.______fineweatheritistoday!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa23.Sheplays______pianoandplays______football.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/24.Two______studentsvisitedthemuseum.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof25.______thehelpofmyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.A.UnderB.WithC.OnD.By26.Hewenttoschool______breakfast.A.withB.withoutC.noD.haven't27.Ihave______totellyou.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingimportantD.importantanything28.—Whoisknocking?—______mustbeTom.A.HeB.ThatC.ItD.This29.MybrotherandI______teachers.______workinthesameschool.A.are;WeB.is;WeC.are;TheyD.is;They30.Thisroomis______thanthatone.A.threetimesbigB.threetimesbiggerC.biggerthreetimesD.threetimebigger31.I______tothepartylastnight,butIwasill.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wasgoingtocomeD.come32.Thepen______Iboughtyesterdayworkswell.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.what33.You'dbetter______lateforschool.A.notbeB.nottobeC.don'tbeD.won'tbe34.—Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?—______