ACEA-2026年汽车行业袖珍指南 THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY POCKET GUIDE 2026

POCKETGUIDE2026

只

EMPLOYMENT9 PRODUCTION17 REGISTRATIONS27 TRADE41 VEHICLESONROADS51 INFRASTRUCTURE·59 ROADSAFETY65 ENVIRONMENT71 INNOVATION81

TAXATION85

CONTENTSABOUTACEA97

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THEAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY

POCKETGUIDE2026

FOREWORD

ACEA’sPocketGuideremainsthego-toreferencefor

thelatestinsightsintotheautomotiveindustryand

market,withupdateddataandanalysispublishedeachyear.Thiseditionprovidesatimelysnapshotofasectornavigatingarapidlyevolvinglandscape,wheregrowingconcernsaboutcompetitivenessarecompoundedbyanincreasinglyuncertainglobalgeopoliticalenvironment.

Despitetheseheadwinds,Europe’sautomotiveindustryremainsthecontinent’slargestprivateinvestorin

researchanddevelopment,allocating€84billionto

R&Din2024.Thisrepresentsanincreaseof€18billioncomparedwith2021andisnearlytwicetheinvestmentmadebythenext-largestindustrialsector.These

figuresunderscoreourindustry’ssteadycommitmenttoadvancingzero-emissionroadtransportwhilereinforcingEurope’spositionasaglobaltechnologyleader.

EUvehicleproductionremainswellbelowpre-pandemic

levels,witharound3millionfewervehiclesproducedin2025comparedwith2019,highlightingtheongoingchallengeofpreservingEurope’sattractivenessasaglobalautomotivemanufacturingbase.Passengercarproductionremained

broadlystableat11.5millionunits,whilecommercialvehicleoutputdeclinedfurther,fallingbynearly5.5%lastyear.

Globalcarsalesgrewby3.5%lastyear,withtheEU’smarketshareataround14%.EUcarsalescontinuedtheirupwardtrend,withbattery-electricmodels

increasingtheirmarketshareto17.4%.Commercialvehicleregistrationsdeclinedby8%,withelectricvansreaching11%,whiletrucksalsodeclinedbyaround6%.Busesremainedthestandoutperformer,surpassing

38,000registrationstoachieveanewall-timehigh.

Manufacturersnowoffermorethan400electrically-

chargeablemodelsacrosstheEU,buttheshareof

vehiclesonEurope’sroadswithaplugisstilllessthan

5%,underscoringtheneedformorerobustmeasuresto

stimulatethemarketandreplaceoldervehicles.While

mostEUgovernmentsoffersomeformofincentiveortaxschemeforEVbuyers,lessthanhalfofferincentivesfor

buildingrecharginginfrastructure.Today,theEUaveragesaroundsevenbattery-electricvehiclesperpublicrechargingpoint,withFrance,GermanyandtheNetherlandstogetheraccountingfor56%oftheEU’srechargingpoints.

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In2025,theEUcontinuedtoexperienceasignificantdeclineinboththevalueandvolumeofvehicletrade.However,thevalueofEUvehicleexportscontinuedtoexceedimports,

resultinginatradesurplusof€85billion.TheUKandthe

UScontinuedtobethetwolargestexportdestinationsbyvalue,highlightingtheimportanceofmaintainingopen

andstabletraderelationswiththesekeypartners.Türkiyeisalsoemergingasanincreasinglyimportanttrading

partner,bothasasourceofimportsandasagrowing

exportmarket.Incontrast,theEU’svehicletradebalancewithChinahasdeterioratedsignificantlyoverthepastthreeyears,reachingadeficitofalmost€7billionin2025.

TheEUalsocontinuestoleadthewayinglobalroadsafety,withroadfatalitiesdecreasingby2.2%in2024,includingreductionsrecordedin20memberstates.Ourindustry’scontinuedinvestmentinvehicleautomationandsafety

willbringfurtherroadsafetybenefitsasnewermodelshittheroad.Thesectoralsomadestridesinreducingourenvironmentalfootprint.CO2productionemissionspervehiclehitnewlows.Productionwaterusagepervehiclealsosank,fallingbyalmost56%overthesameperiod.

Althoughtherearesomepositivetakeawaysfromthisyear’sedition,thechallengesourindustryfacesareunprecedented.Notonlydowefaceanelectricvehiclemarketstruggling

toprogressasexpected,butalsoa‘perfectstorm’offiercecompetition,soaringgeopoliticaltensions,rising

manufacturingcosts,andanincreasinglycomplexEU

regulatoryenvironment.TheACEAPocketGuideunderlinestheimportanceofcreatingfavourableconditionsforEurope’scriticalindustries—asautomotiveis—toremaincompetitivebyenablinginvestment,innovationandopentrade.

TheautomotivesectorremainsacornerstoneofEurope’seconomy, supportingmillionsofjobs,drivinginvestmentinresearchand development,andmakingasignificantcontributiontotradeandeconomicgrowth.Yettheindustryisfacingapolycrisisofweakmarket demand,intensifyingglobalcompetition,risingcosts,regulatory pressures,andgeopoliticaluncertainty.Atthesametime,delivering thetransitiontozero-emissionmobilitywillrequirecontinued investmentfrommanufacturers,alongsideapolicyframeworkthatstrengthensEurope’scompetitivenessandindustrialresilience.

SigriddeVries

ACEADirectorGeneral

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KEYFIGURES

Motorvehiclemanufacturing(EU)2.4millionjobs=8%ofEUmanufacturingemployment

2024

PRODUCTION

REGISTRATIONS

TRADE

只EMPLOYMENT

Total(EUmanufacturing,services,andconstruction)

13.5millionjobs=6.9%ofEUemployment

2024

Motorvehicles(global)

96.5millionunits

2025

Motorvehicles(EU)

13.8millionunits=14.3%ofglobalvehicleproduction

2025

Passengercars(global)

78.7millionunits

2025

Passengercars(EU)

11.5millionunits=14.6%ofglobalcarproduction

2025

Motorvehicles(global)

95.3millionunits

2025

Motorvehicles(EU)

12.6millionunits=13.2%ofglobalvehicleregistrations

2025

Passengercars(global)

77.6millionunits

2025

Passengercars(EU)

10.8millionunits=13.9%ofglobalcarregistrations

2025

Newcarsbypowersource(EU)

batteryelectric17.4%,petrol26.6%marketshare

2025

Newvansbypowersource(EU)

electric11.2%,diesel80.7%marketshare

2025

Newtrucksbypowersource(EU)

electric4.2%,diesel93.2%marketshare

2025

Newbusesbypowersource(EU)

electric23.8%,diesel62.1%marketshare

2025

Motorvehicleexports(extra-EU)

€169.2billion

2025

Motorvehicleimports(extra-EU)€84.5billion2025

Tradebalance(extra-EU)€84.7billion2025

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INFRASTRUCTURE

ROADSAFETY

ENVIRONMENT

INNOVATION

TAXATION

VEHICLESONROADSMotorvehicles(EU)

294millionunits

2024

Passengercars(EU)

Motorisationrate(EU)

Averageageofcars(EU)

Averageageofvans(EU)

Averageageoftrucks(EU)

Averageageofbuses(EU)

256millionunits

2024

654vehiclesper1,000inhabitants

2024

12.7years

2024

12.9years

2024

14years

2024

12.2years

2024

Rechargingpoints(EU)

1.1millionunits

2025

Roadfatalitiespermillioninhabitants(EU)

45people

2024

Roadfatalities(EU)

-17.4%since2014

2024

AverageCO2emissionsfromnewcars(EU)

96.7gCO2/km

2025

CO2emissionsfromcarproduction

-63.4%since2005

2025

Automobilesandpartssector(EU)

€84.3billion=33%oftheEU’stotalR&Dspending

2024

Fiscalincomefrommotorvehicles(EUmajormarkets)

€427.1billion

2025

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8

Thedatainthispublicationarepresentedasinteractivemaps丿charts丿

andtablesonwww.acea.auto/figures

丿

wheretheyareperiodicallyupdatedthroughouttheyear.

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只

EMPLOYMENT

THEAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY

POCKETGUIDE2026

9

只

EMPLOYMENT

Theautoindustry providesdirect andindirect jobsformorethan13.5millionEuropeans

1.Provisional

2.Includingrailways

10

DIRECTMANUFACTURING

2,411

Motorvehicles

1,098

Bodies(coachwork),trailers,andsemi-trailers

166

Partsandaccessories1,147

2.4mjobs

INDIRECTMANUFACTURING706

Computersandperipheralequipment

64

Electricmotors,generators,andtransformers642

0.7mjobs

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EUAUTOMOTIVESECTOR:

DIRECTANDINDIRECTEMPLOYMENTInthousands,20241

10.4mnon-manufacturingjobs

3.1mmanufacturingjobs

13.5mjobs

11.1mindirectjobs

2.4m

directjobs

AUTOMOBILEUSE

4,266

4.3mjobs

Saleofvehicles

1,504

Maintenanceandrepairofvehicles

1,459

Saleofvehiclepartsandaccessories

662

Retailsaleofautomotivefuelinspecialisedstores

426

Rentingandleasingofvehicles215

TRANSPORT

5,264

5.3mjobs

Otherpassengerlandtransport

1,800

Freighttransportbyroad

3,464

0.9m

jobs

897

CONSTRUCTION

Roads,bridges,andtunnels2897

SOURCE:EUROSTAT

SOURCE:EUROSTAT11

EMPLOYMENTINTHEEUAUTOMOTIVESECTORInmillionjobs,2020–20241

會DirectmanufacturingeIndirectmanufacturingOAutomobileuseOTransporteConstruction

+0.8%+1.1%+0.9%

-2.0%

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2020202120222023

+1.3%

2024

Theautomotivesectoraccountsforalmost7%ofallEUjobs

1.Provisionaldatafor2024.Historicaldatacanbe

subjecttorevisionincaseofupdatesfromEurostat

EMPLOYMENT

只EMPLOYMENT

10.4%ofEUmanufacturingemploymentisin theautomotivesector

1.Provisional

12SOURCE:EUROSTAT

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MANUFACTURINGJOBSINTHEEUAUTOSECTOR%share,20241

Directautomotive

Indirectautomotive

Non-automotive

2.4m

8.0%

0.7m

2.4%

27m

Automotive3.1m

10.4%

89.6%

EUDIRECTAUTOMOTIVEEMPLOYMENTShareoftotalmanufacturingbycountry,20241

15.9%

14.7%

13.8%

13.7%

12.6%

10.7%

8.0%

7.7%

7.0%

6.9%

6.8%

5.7%

5.7%

5.0%

4.9%

4.4%

4.2%

3.1%

2.9%

2.9%

2.3%

1.9%

1.2%

1.1%

1.1%

0.4%

0.2%

0.0%

SlovakiaRomaniaSwedenCzechiaHungaryGermany

EUROPEANUNION

PolandSlovenia Spain FrancePortugalBelgiumBulgariaAustria

Malta Italy Estonia LithuaniaNetherlands Finland Latvia Denmark Ireland Croatia Greece CyprusLuxembourg

02%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%18%

SOURCE:EUROSTAT

Theautosectordirectlyprovides8%ofallEU

manufacturingjobs

1.Provisional

13

EMPLOYMENT

只EMPLOYMENT

Morethan

2.4million Europeansaredirectlyemployed inautomotivemanufacturing

1.Provisional

14SOURCE:EUROSTAT

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EUDIRECTAUTOMOTIVEMANUFACTURINGEMPLOYMENT20241

3,282ESTONIA

2,222LATVIA

6,755LITHUANIA

216,831POLANDGERMANY

170,595CZECHIA

75,342SLOVAKIA

96,894HUNGARY

154,698ROMANIA

SWEDEN

DENMARK4,007

IRELAND3,083

NETHERLANDS21,470

BELGIUM29,054

85,470

869,191

35,478

15,444

2,938

150,795SPAINPORTUGAL

MALTA

GREECE1,721

1,136

ITALY165,60324,013BULGARIA

AUSTRIA

SLOVENIA

CROATIA

EU2,411,177

FRANCE224,535

FINLAND7,430

CYPRUS77

43,113

VEHICLEPRODUCTIONPERDIRECTAUTOMOTIVE

MANUFACTURINGEMPLOYEEBycountry,20241

15.8

13.2

8.5

8.2

7.7

6.4

5.8

4.9

4.5

4.1

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.0

024681012141618

SpainSlovakiaCzechiaBelgiumPortugal

France

EUROPEANUNION

Germany

HungarySlovenia

Sweden

Romania

ItalyNetherlands FinlandPoland

Austria

SOURCE:EUROSTAT,MOBILITYGLOBAL

EachEU

automotive

manufacturingworkerproducesanaverageofsixvehiclesannually

1.Basedonemploymentmostrecentdataavailable

15

EMPLOYMENT

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16

Thedatainthispublicationarepresentedasinteractivemaps丿charts丿

andtablesonwww.acea.auto/figures

丿

wheretheyareperiodicallyupdatedthroughouttheyear.

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PRODUCTION

THEAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY

POCKETGUIDE2026

17

PRODUCTION

Chinaisthe world’stopvehicleproducer, manufacturing morethanone-thirdofvehiclesglobally

1.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

18

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GLOBALVEHICLEPRODUCTIONInmillionunits,%share,2010–2025

oGreaterChina會Europe1oNorthAmericaJapanandSouthKoreaSouthAsiaoSouthAmericaoMiddleEastandAfrica

36%

33%

27%

25%

24%

23%

22%

20%

18%18%

17%

16%16%

15%15%

13%

11%

9%9%

8%

6%

3%3%3%3%3%

2%2%

0

2010201520202025

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

GLOBALCARPRODUCTIONInmillionunits,%change,%share,2016–2025

oGreaterChina會Europe1oNorthAmericaJapanandSouthKoreaSouthAsiaoSouthAmericaoMiddleEastandAfrica

20

10

0

2016201720182019202020212022

+4.2%

-0.5%

2.5%2.8%10.5%

13.9%

14.3%

18.3%

37.6%

20242025

-1.6%

-6.2%

-16.7%

+10.7%

+8.5%

+2.7%

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

+2.6%+5.7%

2023

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

Globalcar

production

regained

momentumin2025comparedtothepreviousyear

1.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

19

PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

Global commercial vehicle production increasedbyaround2%in2025

1.Includesbuses

2.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

20

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GLOBALCOMMERCIALVEHICLE1PRODUCTIONInmillionunits,%change,%share,2016–2025

oGreaterChinaoNorthAmericaoEurope2eSouthAsiaJapanandSouthKoreaoSouthAmericaoMiddleEastandAfrica

3.0%

5.5%

7.2%

13.7%

17.9%

25.4%

27.2%

2016201720182019202020212022202320242025

+2.3%

-2.5%

+6.1%

-11.7%

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

+7.5%

-4.2%

+2.9%+1.1%

+2.3%

-4.1%

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

EUVEHICLEPRODUCTION2025

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL21

GERMANY4,032,756145,861138,4555,233217,155308,07744,6597,961POLAND

58,282398NETHERLANDS

212,48539,585222BELGIUM

1,442,2481,1705,516CZECHIAAUSTRIA70,022301,073,942SLOVAKIA

411,9431,186HUNGARY

ITALY237,975204,49548,2691,090

1,766,325484,33127,6031,891SPAIN

240,40097,8772,475164PORTUGAL

EU

11,479,774

1,805,283

463,876

28,266

CARS

VANS1

TRUCKS2

BUSES

452,255

FRANCE

SWEDEN247,97234,3252,005

SLOVENIA

986,275

93,25516ROMANIA

61,258

471,387

FINLAND26,76319

21

68,988

2,579

About13.8millionvehiclesaremadeintheEUannually

1.Lightcommercialvehiclesupto3.5tonnes

2.Mediumandheavycommercialvehiclesover3.5tonnes

PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

EUcarproductionremained

stablein2025comparedtothepreviousyear

22SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

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EUCARPRODUCTIONInmillionunits,%change,2016–2025

-1.9%

-3.7%

+11.6%

-23.5%+8.4%

-6.7%

201820192020202120222023

+2.0%

16

12

8

4

0

2016

+1.2%

2017

+0.3%

2025

-5.9%

2024

EUBATTERY-ELECTRICCARPRODUCTIONInunits,%change,2016-2025

1,500,000

+40.1%

1,200,000

+60.5%

900,000

+25.6%

+41.0%

-4.5%

+79.1%

+58.4%

+36.1%

2016201720182019202020212022202320242025

600,000

300,000

0

2,100,000

1,800,000

+120.8%

+13.1%

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

TheEUbattery-electriccar

productiongrewrapidlythese

pasttenyears

23

PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

EUcommercial vehicle production continuedtodeclinein2025

1.Lightcommercialvehiclesupto3.5tonnes

2.Mediumandheavycommercialvehiclesover3.5tonnes

24

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EUCOMMERCIALVEHICLEPRODUCTIONInmillionunits,%change,2016–2025

Vans1Trucks2Buses

3.0

+8.5%

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

+20.5%

-1.6%

20222023

-1.8%

+4.0%

-20.9%

0

201620172018201920202021

-8.6%

2024

-5.5%

2025

+3.8%+3.4%

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

AUTOMOBILEASSEMBLY,BATTERY,ANDENGINEPLANTS2026

TOTAL

260

SOURCE:ACEA25

AllplantsBEV1production

FINLAND3–

NORWAY1–

SWEDEN62

3811UNITEDKINGDOM11LITHUANIA

166POLANDNETHERLANDS116

4825GERMANY

BELGIUM6385CZECHIA

63SLOVAKIAFRANCE3616AUSTRIA52

116HUNGARYSLOVENIA21

84ROMANIACROATIA22

ITALY2515

2114SPAIN

74PORTUGAL

CARSVANSTRUCKSBUSESPOWERTRAINSBATTERIES

EU+NO+UK1002932426175

Thereare260

automobile

assembly,engine/electricmotors,andbattery

productionplantsinEurope2

PRODUCTION

1.Battery-electricvehicle

2.Europeincludes27EUmemberstates,NorwayandtheUK

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26

Thedatainthispublicationarepresentedasinteractivemaps丿charts丿

andtablesonwww.acea.auto/figures

丿

wheretheyareperiodicallyupdatedthroughouttheyear.

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REGISTRATIONS

THEAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRY

POCKETGUIDE2026

27

REGISTRATIONS

Europeaccounts forafifth ofglobalvehiclesales

1.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

28

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GLOBALNEWVEHICLEREGISTRATIONSInmillionunits,%share,2010–2025

oGreaterChinaoNorthAmerica會Europe1eSouthAsiaeJapanandSouthKoreaoMiddleEastandAfricaoSouthAmerica

10

9%

9%9%8%

7%7%6%

5

11%

8%7%

5%5%4%4%

0

2010201520202025

32%

21%

20%

28%

23%

21%

8%

5%

25%25%

19%

30

25

20

15

22%

21%

31%

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

GLOBALNEWCARREGISTRATIONSInmillionunits,%change,%share,2016–2025

oGreaterChina會Europe1oNorthAmericaSouthAsiaeJapanandSouthKoreaoMiddleEastandAfricaoSouthAmerica

-0.9%

-4.9%

+10.1%

+4.0%-0.2%

-15.3%

4.3%

5.2%

6.8%

10.8%

20.1%

21.1%

31.7%

2016201720182019202020212022202320242025

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

+3.5%+2.9%

+3.0%+5.2%

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

Europeaccountsforabout21%ofglobalcarsales

1.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

29

REGISTRATIONS

REGISTRATIONS

Europeaccountsformorethan16%ofglobal commercialvehiclesales

1.Includesbuses

2.EuropeincludesallcountriesextendingeastwardtoandincludingRussia

30

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GLOBALNEWCOMMERCIAL

VEHICLE1REGISTRATIONSInmillionunits,%change,%share,2016–2025

oNorthAmericaoGreaterChinaoEurope2eSouthAsiaSouthAmericaOJapanandSouthKoreaoMiddleEastandAfrica

5

27.5%

10

2016201720182019202020212022202320242025

SOURCE:MOBILITYGLOBAL

+3.2%

-0.7%

4.7%

5.2%

8.4%

12.6%

16.1%

25.6%

+4.3%

-10.5%

-1.1%

-7.5%

20

15

10

+1.4%+1.4%

+2.1%

+9.3%

SOURCE:ACEA31

NEWEUVEHICLEREGISTRATIONSBycountry,inthousandunits,2025

PC1CV&BC2

EU10,8231,793

FINLAND7214

SWEDEN27341

133ESTONIA

234LATVIA

18531DENMARK

4215LITHUANIA

12536IRELAND2,858350GERMANY

38833NETHERLANDS597103POLANDBELGIUM41581

LUXEMBOURG47624930CZECHIA

9312SLOVAKIA

AUSTRIA28541

12930HUNGARYFRANCE1,632411SLOVENIA5810

15728ROMANIA

CROATIA7010

496BULGARIAITALY1,525222

1,149220SPAIN

GREECE14413

22540PORTUGAL

CYPRUS152

MALTA61

Automakers

soldmorethan12.6millionnewvehiclesintheEUin2025

1.Passengercars

2.Commercialvehicles,andbusesandcoaches

REGISTRATIONS

REGISTRATIONS

Vehiclesales largelymirroreconomictrends

32

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NEWEUVEHICLESALESANDGDP2018–2027

NewEUvehicleregistrations(inmillionunits)EUGDP(annual%change)

168%

156%

144%

132%

120%

11-2%

10