高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT 4 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.airlinen. 航空公司2.bayn. (海或湖的)湾3.antiquen. 古物；古董adj. 古老的；古董的4.literallyadv. 字面上；真正地5.spectacularadj. 壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的n. 壮丽的场面；精彩的表演6.goatn. 山羊7.grizzlybearn. 灰熊8.drillvi.&vt. 钻(孔)；打(眼)n. 钻(头)；训练；演习9.malln.(alsoshoppingmall) 购物商场；购物广场10.prairien. 北美草原11.bunchn. 束；串；捆12.harbour(especiallyUSharbor)n. (海)港；港口13.quarryn. 采石场14.steeln. 钢；钢铁工业15.coherentadj. 有条理的；清楚易懂的Ⅱ.核心单词1.craftn. 手艺；工艺；技艺2.arisevi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起3.boundadj. 准备前往(某地)；一定会 vi. 跳跃着跑 n. 限制4.sceneryn. 风景；景色5.awesomeadj. 令人惊叹的；令人敬畏的；可怕的；很好的6.peakn. 顶峰；山峰；尖形；帽舌 adj. 高峰时期的；巅峰状态的7.highlightn. 最好或最精彩的部分 vt. 突出；强调；使醒目8.curtainn. 窗帘；幕布9.bordern. 国界；边界(地区)10.enrol(especiallyUSenroll)vi.&vt. (使)加入；注册；登记11.idiomn. 习语；成语12.contraryadj. 相反的；相对立的 n. 相反的事实(或事情)13.anyhowadv. (结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正14.alongsideprep. 在……旁边；与……一起adv. 在旁边15.proceedvi. 行进；继续做16.shoren. 岸；滨17.duskn. 黄昏；傍晚18.accentn. 口音19.owevt. 欠(账、债、情等)；归因于20.toastn. 烤面包片；有口皆碑的人 vt. 为……干杯 vt.&vi. 烤(尤指面包)Ⅲ.拓展单词1.massiveadj.巨大的；非常严重的→massn.团；堆；许多；大量2.breathn.呼吸的空气→breathevt.&vi.呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；(令人)目瞪口呆的3.freezevi.&vt.(froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住；使定格；(因害怕等)停住不动→freezingadj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozenadj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的；吓呆的4.anticipatevt.预料；预见；期望→anticipationn.预料；预见；预期；期望5.thundervi.打雷；轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动n.雷声；轰隆声→thunderousadj.雷鸣般的6.frostn.霜；严寒天气；霜冻vt.使蒙上霜vi.结霜→frostyadj.冷淡的；严寒的；结霜的7.durationn.持续时间；期间→duringprep.在……期间8.astonishvt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishingadj.惊人的；令人惊讶的→astonishedadj.感到惊讶的→astonishmentn.惊讶9.mistn.薄雾；水汽→mistyadj.多雾的；模糊的10.advertisementn.(informalad)广告；启事→advertisevi.&vt.(为……)做广告/宣传；征聘→advertisingn.广告；广告业；广告活动11.photographern.摄影师；拍照者→photographn.照片vi.上相vt.(为……)拍照→photographyn.摄影；摄影艺术12.pleasantadj.令人愉快的；友好的→pleasevt.&vi.(使)高兴；(使)满意→pleasedadj.高兴的→pleasingadj.令人愉快的→pleasuren.快乐；乐趣构词法：名词后缀-er表示“从事某种职业，有某种身份的人”直接＋-er①photograph→photographer摄影师②own→owner拥有者；物主③read→reader读者有e直接＋r④consume→consumer消费者⑤observe→observer观察者⑥write→writer作家y变i＋er⑦carry→carrier携带者双写尾字母＋er⑧begin→beginner初学者⑨run→runner跑步者Ⅳ.重点短语1.takesb’sbreathaway 令人惊叹2.freezingcold 极冷的；冻僵的3.abunchof 一束；一串；一群；大量4.contraryto 相反的；相对立的5.proceedtosth 进而做(参加)6.owesthtosb 欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人7.acoupleof 几个8.betypicalof 是……的典型特点9.inadditionto 除……之外(还)10.allinall 总而言之Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：ratherthanRatherthantravelbycommercialairlinealltheway，theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.她们没有一路乘坐商务航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再换乘火车。2.句型：with复合结构Edmontonisfreezingcoldinwinter，withdailytemperaturesaveraging－10℃.埃德蒙顿冬季十分寒冷，日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。3.句型：notuntil的强调句型Itwasnotuntil9：30a.m.thattheyfinallyreachedthecapitalofOntario，Toronto.直到上午九点半，她们才最终抵达安大略的省会多伦多。arisevi.(arose，arisen)发生；出现；产生；起身，起立；由……引起先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Seeingherhusbandpacebackandforth，thewomanarose(arise)fromtheseatandaskedhimtostop.②健康问题可能会因不良饮食习惯而产生，这就是为什么保持均衡饮食很重要。(建议信)Healthissuescanarisefrompooreatinghabits，whichiswhyit’sessentialtomaintainabalanceddiet.③我和我最好的朋友之间产生了一些误会，这使我很心烦。 (求助信)Somemisunderstandingsarosebetweenmeandmybestfriend，makingmequiteupset.后归纳arisefrom/outof 由……引起/产生arisefromone’sseat 从座位上站起来[点津]①risevi.(rose，risen)升起；起床；上升②raisevt.(raised，raised)举起；提高，增加；养育③arousevt.(aroused，aroused)激起；唤醒breathn.呼吸的空气；呼吸(breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的breathev.呼吸)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Harryleanedagainstthewall，breathing(breath)deeply，listeningtotheirfootstepsdyingaway.②Runningallthewaytoschool，Annmadeittoherclassroom，breathless(breath).(续写动作描写)③我深吸了一口气，然后敲响了门，此时我的心脏剧烈地跳动着。 (2025·全国一卷；心理描写)Itookadeepbreathandknockedonthedoor，withmyheartpoundingwildly.④跑上山顶后，我已是气喘吁吁，但山顶上那令人惊叹的景色却让我们惊叹不已，以至于我们都说不出话来。Afterrunningupthehill，Iwascompletelyoutofbreath，butthebreathtakingviewfromthetopofthemountaintookourbreathaway，leavingusspeechless.后归纳holdone’sbreath 屏住呼吸catchone’sbreath 喘息；平复呼吸takeadeepbreath 深呼吸takeone’sbreathaway 令某人惊叹outofbreath 上气不接下气owevt.欠(账、债、情等)；归功于；归因于先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Sheowesittoherperseveranceanddeterminationthatsheovercamealltheobstaclesinherway.②我的成功归功于我的老师，他是我写作道路上的灯塔。 (2023·新课标卷读后续写)Iowemysuccesstomyteacherwhoisabeaconinmylifeontheroadtowriting.③我欠你一个道歉，因为周五下午我未能如期和你一起去书店。 (道歉信)IoweyouanapologyfornotgoingtothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoonasscheduled.④正是因为您的鼓励，我才能够克服内心的恐惧，在越野赛中挑战自我。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)ItisowingtoyourencouragementthatIcanovercomemyinternalpanictochallengemyselfinthecross-countryrun.后归纳(1)owesbanapology 该向某人道歉owesbsth＝owesthtosb 欠某人某物(2)owe...to... 把……归功于……oweittosbthat... 多亏某人……(3)owingto 因为；由于句型公式：too＋形容词/副词＋todosth【教材原句】Sinceitcanbetoocoldtogooutdoors，Edmontonishometomanyshoppingmalls.因为天气太冷不能出去，艾德蒙顿是许多购物广场的聚集地。先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Frommypointofview，Janewastooyoungtoproceed(proceed)withthenextjob.②Itisgenerallybelievedthatyoucan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingthestreet.③面对面试官时，他太紧张了，说不出话来。Hewastoonervoustospeakwhenfacingtheinterviewers.④我非常高兴得知您对长城感兴趣。长城太壮观而不容错过。正如一句老话所说：“不到长城非好汉。”因此，我再怎么强调爬长城的意义都不为过。(传统文化)IamtoopleasedtolearnthatyouarekeenontheGreatWall.TheGreatWallistoospectaculartomiss.Justasanoldsayinggoes，“HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”SoIcan’t/canneverstressthesignificanceofclimbingtheGreatWalltoomuch.后归纳(1)too＋形容词/副词(forsb)＋todosth表示否定的意义，“太……而不能”。(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，动词不定式表示肯定意义，意为“非常”。(3)can’t/cannever...too...表示“再怎么……也不过分”。句型公式：ratherthan“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分【教材原句】Ratherthantravelbycommercialairlinealltheway，theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.她们不想一直乘商务航班旅行，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后乘坐火车。先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantsthatwas(be)toblameforwhathadhappenedinthelab.②从那一刻起，伊娃的视角发生了转变，她开始将挑战看作是成长的机会，而不是需要克服的障碍(obstacle)。 (2024·浙江1月卷；读后续写)Fromthatmomenton，Eva’sperspectiveshifted，andshebegantoseechallengesasopportunitiesforgrowthratherthanobstaclestoovercome.③我从这次经历中得到的教训是，只有勇敢地为失败承担全部责任，而不是责怪他人，我们才能取得成功。 (续写个人感受)ThelessonIhavedrawnfromthisexperienceisthatonlybybravelytakingfullresponsibilityforfailureratherthanblamingotherscanwesucceed.后归纳(1)ratherthan连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与ratherthan前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)常见的含ratherthan的句型：wouldratherdo1.freezevi.(因害怕等)停住不动；惊呆；吓呆frozenadj.吓呆；惊呆【诵读领悟】①Iheardhisscreamandfeltmybloodfreeze.听到他的尖叫声，我觉得自己的血液都凝固了。②Thecountdownbellrang，andAlanstoodfrozenonthestage，unabletoutteraword.Icouldseethefearinhiseyes.比赛倒计时铃声响了，艾伦呆呆地站在台上，一言不发。我能看到他眼中的恐惧。③Warmtearswettingmycheeks，Istoodtherefrozen，staringatthelistindisbelief.(续写表情描写)温暖的泪水打湿了我的脸颊，我站在那里一动不动，难以置信地盯着清单。【佳句仿写】看到一片狼藉，他们的父亲惊呆了，好像在地上扎了根似的。(续写表情描写)Seeingthemess，theirfatherwasfrozenwithshock，asifrootedtotheground.befrozenwithfear/terror/horror/shock 吓呆/惊呆befrozentodeath＝freezetodeath (使)冻死freezeinfear/terror/horror 吓呆freezesbwithafrown 皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧freezewithshock 惊呆了(动作)2.astonishvt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊(astonishingadj.使人吃惊的；惊人的astonishmentn.惊讶；惊奇)【诵读领悟】①Astonishedbytheunexpectedgiftfromherfather，shestaredatthebeautifullywrappedpackage，withafloodofemotionswashingoverher. (续写动作与心理描写)对父亲送的这份意想不到的礼物感到惊讶，她凝视着这个包装精美的包裹，心中百感交集。②Alookofastonishmentflashedacrosshisface.他脸上掠过惊讶的神色。③Astonished，Petersatonthesquare，tearswellingupinhiseyessuddenly.彼得惊讶地坐在广场上，突然泪水涌上眼眶。 (情绪描写)④Seeingherhusbandholdingabunchofflowers，shefroze，hermouthdroppingopeninastonishment. (惊讶心理描写)看着丈夫抱着一束花，她呆住了，惊讶地张大了嘴。【佳句仿写】双胞胎发现他们第一次尝试做早餐失败后感到非常惊讶。Thetwinswerequiteastonishedtofindthattheirfirstattempttocookabreakfastfailed.(1)beastonishedtosee/find/hear/learn...惊讶地看见/发现/听到/得知……(2)inastonishment吃惊地；惊愕地toone’sastonishment令某人惊讶的是维度一词汇语境运用1.Itwasthedirector，ratherthantheclerks，whowas(be)responsiblefortheincident.2.ItwasnotuntilIheardthenewsthatIrealizedthatIhadwonthecontest.3.Asaphotographer(photograph)，IhavespentthelasttwoyearsrecordingeverythingIdiscovered.4.Youwillseetrainsthundering(thunder)inandoutallthetimeatasubwaystation，whichisnosurpriseatall.5.Itwasshortlyafteroneproblemhadbeensolvedthatanotherproblemarose(arise)immediately.6.Shelookedattheboxforalongtime，andthenhereyesopenedwideinastonishment(astonish).7.Asmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitieswillprovidemassive(mass)benefitstothethingsyouvalue.8.Looking(look)atthebeautifulscenery，theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesome(awesome)journeytheyhadevertaken.维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思1.I’dliketoproposeatoasttothebrideandbridegroom. n.干杯2.Thefamilyhuggedandsmiledthroughmistyeyesandthenlaughed. adj.模糊的3.(浙江7月卷)Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory. n.幕，帷幕4.Toourastonishment，hewasfrozenoutofdiscussionsabouttheproject. vt.排除在外5.WhenItoldhimthenewsheliterallyexploded. adv.简直根据语境选择加黑词的含义6.peakn.山峰；顶峰；尖形vi.达到高峰(生义)adj.高峰时期的(生义)①Trafficusuallyreachesitspeakbetweeneightandnineo’clockinthemorning. n.高峰；顶峰②Heisoneoftheexcellentathleteswhopeakatjusttherighttime. vi.达到高峰③Theclimbersmadecamphalfwayupthepeakbeforedark. n.山峰④Asyouknow，weneedextrahelpduringthepeaksummerseason. adj.高峰时期的7.boundadj.准备前往(某地)；一定会vi.跳跃着跑(生义)n.边界(生义)；界限(生义)①Theriverformsanaturalboundbetweenthetwovillages. n.边界②Tomcameboundingintotheroomholdingaletter. vi.跳跃着跑③IboardedthetrainthatwasboundforShanghai. adj.准备前往(某地)④Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup，weareboundtoachievesuccess. adj.一定会8.toastn.烤面包片；吐司；干杯vt.为……干杯vi.&vt.烤(尤指面包)Thismorning，Sarahpreparedbreakfastbytoasting①twoslicesofbread.Shespreadbutteronthewarmtoast②andenjoyeditwithsomejuice.Laterintheday，sheattendedherfriend’sbirthdayparty.Whenitwastimetocelebrate，everyoneraisedtheirglassestotoast③thebirthdaygirl.①vt.烤(尤指面包)；②n.烤面包片；③vt.为……干杯Ⅱ.构词法构词法名词后缀-ship多表示“身份”“状态”或特定“职业/事物”指出下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·全国卷Ⅰ)InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople，amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld. n.所有权，物主身份2.(新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthefirst，95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership. n.(电视节目的)观众；收视率3.(全国Ⅲ卷)OperaatMusicHall：1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust，withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts. n.会员身份Part1.应用文增分练(投稿—最美中华)假设你是晨光中学的李津。我市为外国友人提供生活信息的某英文网站新增了《最美中华》栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个国内你喜欢或去过的地方，内容包括：1.该地方的基本情况(如名称、地理位置等)；2.该地方的特色(如文化、景点等)；3.你对该地方的印象和感受。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：点明四川的基本情况ABeautifulPlaceinChina①LocatedinthesouthwesternpartofChina(位于中国西南部)，SichuanProvincehasworld-famousplacesofinterestowingtoitsuniquegeographicalconditions.中段：介绍四川的特色(如文化、景点等)JiuzhaigouNationalPark，anaturereserveinthenorthofSichuanProvince，featuresspectacularscenery②thatisboundtotakeyourbreathaway(定会让你叹为观止).Thehighlightisitsmanymulti-levelwaterfallsandcolorfullakes，③wherevisitorscanboardboatsandenjoythebreathtakingscenerysurroundingthem(游客们可以登上船只，欣赏周围令人叹为观止的美景).Walkingthroughthereserve，youwillbeamazedbytherichbiodiversity.Additionally，anotherscenicspotistheDujiangyanIrrigationProject，④whichisaheritagedatingbacktoover2，000yearsagoratherthanamodernirrigationsystem(它是一项拥有2000多年历史的遗产，而非现代灌溉系统)，eventhoughitstillplaysanimportantroletoday.结尾：表达对四川的印象和感受ThesceneryhereissoattractivethatIamsureyouwillbetoodelightedtovisititinperson.【多元表达】⑤ThesceneryhereissoattractivethatIamsureyouwillbetoodelightedtovisititinperson.(升级为倒装句)→SoattractiveisthesceneryherethatIamsureyouwillbetoodelightedtovisititinperson.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累动作描写“动手指”【语言素材】finger①crossone’sfingers (交叉手指以)祈求好运②lift/holdoutawarningfinger 伸出一根手指警告③raiseafingertoone’slips 伸出一根手指按在嘴上④wagone’sfinger 摇摇手指⑤pointanaccusingfingeratsb 指责某人⑥drum/tapone’sfingersonsp 用手指咚咚地敲某处⑦runone’sfingersthrough/along/over 用手梳理/捋/摸⑧fingersth 用手指摸某物thumb①raiseathumbingreeting 竖起大拇指打招呼②stickoutathumb 伸出大拇指【靓句表达】1.IwasabouttowakemynappinggrandmatosharethegoodnewswhenMomheldoutawarningfingerandmouthed，“Letherrest.”我正要叫醒午睡的奶奶分享好消息，妈妈突然伸出一根警告的手指，用口型说：“让她歇会儿。”2.Tomleanedback，tappedhisfingersonthedeskslowly，andthenraisedhishandwithasmile.汤姆向后靠，用手指慢慢轻敲桌面，随后笑着举起了手。3.Thehikeraheadheardmyfootstepsonthetrail，turnedaroundbriefly，andraisedathumbingreetingbeforecontinuing.前面的徒步者听到我在小路上的脚步声，短暂地转过身，竖起大拇指打了个招呼才继续前行。4.Thelittleboystuckouthisthumbatthebusdrivertosaythanks，afterthedriverhelpedhimpickuphisdroppedtoy.公交车司机帮小男孩捡起掉落的玩具后，小男孩伸出拇指向司机表示感谢。5.MomheldoutawarningfingerwhenItouchedthehotbowl.我碰热碗时，妈妈伸出手指发出警告。续写语料运用用“动手指”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：主题“挑战自我”——演出期间弹奏钢琴时的finger“动手指”Withthewidestsmileonhisface，hewalkedtowardsthegrandpiano.Isatupwithanticipation，①myfingerscrossed(祈求好运，独立主格).②Hisfingersflewonthekeys(他的手指在琴键上飞舞)ashismusicfilledtheairofthe500-seatconcerthall.Afterthelastnotewasplayed，thewholehalleruptedintoapplauseand③stuckouttheirthumbstohim(向他伸出大拇指).Davidstoodupandtookabow，smilingbroadlyasthespotlightshonebrightlyonhim.Hewouldalwaysbeaninspirationtome.Throughhim，IlearnedthathavinganunflaggingspiritcouldovercomechallengesandDavidtrulyhadthat.单元测评25UNIT4JOURNEYACROSSAVASTLAND(限时：35分钟满分：50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分)A(2026·东北三校第一次模拟)BestNYCFoodToursNewYorkCityhasabundantdeliciousfood，butchoosingcanbeoverwhelmingforvisitors.Foodtoursareagoodwaytonarrowthesearch.Herearesometopones.OriginalBrooklynPizzaTourPrice：Adultsfrom$105；kidsfrom$95Duration：4.5hoursDuringthenearlyfive-hourouting，you’llboardabusfromManhattantoBrooklynwhereyou’llenjoyNeapolitan-stylepizzaandSicilian-stylepizza.Travelersappreciatethemanystopsforphotosandthecomfortablebus.ThetouristypicallyavailableWednesdayandFridaythroughMondayat11a.m.NYCBagelTourPrice：From$59Duration：2hoursYoucantastethebestbagelsintheworldonthisroughly1-milewalkingtour.Ifyouareinterestedinvegetarian，dairy-freeoptions，justnotifyNYCBagelToursinadvance.Touravailabilityvariesbyseason，andmosttoursdepartat11a.m.NYCBagelToursalsoofferprivatetoursandhighlyratedbagelbakingclasses.ImmigrantCuisineTourPrice：From$69Duration：3hoursThistourshowstheimpactofimmigrantsandthecuisinetheybroughttoNewYork.ThetourweavesaroundtheLowerEastSide，LittleItalyandChinatown.Asyourguideprovideshistoricalcontextofthevariousneighborhoods，you’llsampledumplings，knishes，pretzelsandcheese，amongotherdeliciousbites.Toursareoffereddailyat10a.m.ChelseaMarketTourPrice：Adultsfrom$79；kidsfrom$55Duration：3hoursSampleoneofthecity’sbesthotdogs，Brooklyn-madeicecreamandmoreonthistourofChelseaMarket.Thetourincludessixon-the-gotastingsandtwoseatedtastings.ThetourisofferedTuesdaythroughSundayat11a.m.and2：30p.m.；additionaltourtimesmaybeavailabledependingonthemonth.【语篇解读】本文是一篇旅游指南。文章主要介绍了纽约市几个热门的美食旅行团，包括它们的价格、时长和特色内容。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutNYCBagelTour？A.Italwaysdepartsatthesametime.B.Itinvolvesexactly1-milewalkingtour.C.Itprovidesoptionsforspecialdietaryneeds.D.Itonlyconductspublicgrouptours.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据NYCBagelTour中“Ifyouareinterestedinvegetarian，dairy-freeoptions，justnotifyNYCBagelToursinadvance.”可知，NYCBagelTour提供特殊饮食需求的选项。故选C。2.Whichtourprovidestheopportunitytolearnaboutthehistoryofdifferentneighborhoods？A.OriginalBrooklynPizzaTour.B.NYCBagelTour.C.ImmigrantCuisineTour.D.ChelseaMarketTour.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据ImmigrantCuisineTour中“Asyourguideprovideshistoricalcontextofthevariousneighborhoods”可知，ImmigrantCuisineTour提供了了解不同社区历史的机会。故选C。3.Wherecanthetextbefound？A.Inahistorytextbook.B.Inascientificreport.C.Inafashionmagazine.D.Inatravelbrochure.答案：D解析：文章出处题。根据第一段“NewYorkCityhasabundantdeliciousfood，butchoosingcanbeoverwhelmingforvisitors.Foodtoursareagoodwaytonarrowthesearch.Herearesometopones.”可知，文章主要介绍了纽约市几个热门的美食旅行团，包括它们的价格、时长和特色内容，属于旅游相关的信息，所以短文来自旅行手册。故选D。B(2026·浙江省金华十校模拟)Jaredwasmyregularhiking，ice-climbingandmountain-bikingfellow.Wewereonanovernighttrip，justasinglenight，andwhathe’dbroughtfordinnerwasthis：Rice.Literallynothingelse.Thiswasnotaresultofhimtryingtopackaslightaspossible，norwasitbecausehewasbroke.Hewasn’t.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastputsoysauce(酱油)onit.Butno，Jaredwasn’thavingabarofit.“Idon’tneedit，”hesaidflatly.Now，ifhewastalkingonlyaboutoutdoors’meals，I’dalmostgetit.Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains，howawesomethesethingstaste！Iknowwhatyou’rethinking；it’ssimplythat，asthesayinggoes，hungeristhebestsauce.AndIagree.Absolutely.Butthere’smoretoitthanthat.Lastmonth，Iwentdownthecoastcarcampingwithmyfamily.Onemorning，mywifemadeastatement.“Idon’tseethepoint，”shesaid.“It’ssomuchwork，camping.Buttheviewsathomearebetter.Thebedsaremorecomfortable.It’smorepeaceful.Andathome，thefoodisbetter.”I’lladmitshe’srightaboutthefirstthree.Butthefood？Wehadasimplepastaonenight，snagsanother，chickencurrythethird，buttheyalltastedgood.Betterthanathome.Anditwasn’tsimplythatwewerehungry；itwasbecausewewerecamping.TherealpointIwanttogettoisthatmealslargelytastesogoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseI’mremindedofsomethingseasilyforgottenathome，whereIcansimplygotothecupboard，orthesupermarket，andgetwhatevertakesmyfancy.Life，whenyou’recamping，isreducedtoitsessentials，andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.Moreimportantly，Iamremindedthatsadly，andinfactunforgivably，notallofusare.AndIamremindedthatwe，asasociety，shoulddobetterforthem.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者朋友旅行只带米饭以及家人露营的经历，阐述了露营时食物美味的原因，还引发了对生活的思考。4.WhydidJaredbringonlyricefordinneronthetrip？A.Hedidn’tlikesoysauce.B.Hepreferredtotravellight.C.Hecouldn’taffordabettermeal.D.Heenjoyedsimpleoutdoormeals.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Jared只带米饭是因为他喜欢简单的户外餐食。故选D。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravenous”inthethirdparagraphmean？A.Tired. B.Starving.C.Fulfilled. D.Refreshed.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在部分可推知，经过一天的卡路里消耗后会感到饥饿，食物会变得美味。故“ravenous”的意思是“饥饿的”，故选B。6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcamping？A.Itisatestofadaptability.B.Itisachancetoenjoygoodfood.C.Itisareminderofthegoodlifehehas.D.Itisabondingexperienceforhisfamily.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为露营能让他想起在家里很容易忘记的东西，想起自己所拥有的美好生活。故选C。7.Whatmakestheauthorsadaccordingtothelastparagraph？A.Somepeoplelackthebasicnecessitiesoflife.B.Somepeoplefailtoappreciatewhattheyhave.C.Peopleeasilyforgetthebeautyofsimplethings.D.Peopleeasilyquitcampingduetoitsdiscomfort.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Life，whenyou’recamping...shoulddobetterforthem.”可知，作者想到并非所有人都能保持干爽、温暖和吃饱，作者因为想到一些人缺乏基本生活必需品而感到难过。故选A。C(2026·湘豫名校高三摸底考试)Electricvehicles(EVs)arecarswithenginespoweredbyelectricityratherthantheinternalcombustionengines(内燃机)foundingasoline-poweredcars.Acrosstheworld，traditionalproducersareaddingEVstotheirproductlineups，aswellasimprovingbatterytechnologyandvehiclerange.Inmanymarkets，EVsarenowcheapertooperatethantraditionalgasoline-poweredvehicles，thoughupfrontcostsarehigher.AndEVsareonlyexpectedtogetcheaper.Butdotheyhaveanyadvantagesinsavingourenvironment？Inshort，yes.AcommonsenseaboutEVsisthatharvestingtheelementsneededtoproducetheirbatteriesismoreharmfulfortheenvironmentthanbuildinganICEV(内燃机汽车)is.Despitethehighergreenhousegasemissions(排放)associatedwithbuildingEVs，theirtotalemissionsoverthelifeofthecarcanbe40％to60％lowerthantheemissionsofICEVs，becauseEVsdonotproduceanycarbondioxidewhendriven.AlthoughtheharvestingofrareearthmineralsandotherelementsneededforEVbatteriesisenvironmentallyharmful，EVbatteriescanberecycledattheendoftheirlifetime.Forinstance，batteryrecyclingcompanyUmicoresaysitcanreclaim95％ofmetallicsubstancessuchasnickel，copperandcobaltinEVbatteriesforreuse.BecauseEVstendtobeheavierthanICEVsandproducehighertorque(扭矩)，somehavearguedthatEVswearthroughtyresmorequicklyandproducemoreparticulatematter—aharmfulmaterialthangas-poweredcarsdo.AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofPortsmouthintheU.K.foundthattyrebreakdownaccountedfor28％oftheworld’smicroplastics.ButtyrefrictioninbothICEVsandEVsproducesparticulatepollution，anddrivingstyleandroadqualityhavebiggerimpactsonhowmuchpollutionisproduced，GermantyreproducerContinentaltoldTheGuardian.Finally，ifpowerplantsandcarproducingplantsincreasinglyuserenewablesourcesofenergy，theinitialemissionsassociatedwithmakingEVswillapproachzero.ICEVs，incomparison，willalwaysreleaseCO2.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了电动汽车是否比传统内燃机汽车更环保，指出前者虽制造排放高、电池矿物开采有害，但全生命周期排放更低、电池可回收，且未来随可再生能源普及环保性将提升。8.WhatisadifferenceincostbetweenEVsandICEVs？A.ICEVsneedcheaperrepairs.B.ICEVssavemoreonfuel.C.EVshavelowerupfrontcosts.D.EVshavelessdrivingexpense.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Inmanymarkets，EVsarenowcheapertooperatethantraditionalgasoline-poweredvehicles，thoughupfrontcostsarehigher.”可知，电动汽车与内燃机汽车在成本上的差异是电动汽车的行驶(使用)成本更低。故选D。9.WhatdoestheexampleofUmicoreshowaboutEVbatteryrecycling？A.Itrecoversmorerenewableitems.B.ItisnotyetwidelyadoptedinEVs.C.Itcausesnewenvironmentalproblems.D.Itfocusesonnon-metallicelements.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Forinstance，batteryrecyclingcompanyUmicoresaysitcanreclaim95％ofmetallicsubstancessuchasnickel，copperandcobaltinEVbatteriesforreuse.”可知，Umicore的例子表明电动汽车电池回收能回收大量可重复利用的金属物质，即回收更多可再利用物品。故选A。10.WhymightfutureEVsbeevenbetterfortheenvironment？A.TheywillusefewerrareEarthminerals.B.Moreindustriesmayuserenewableenergy.C.Theywillbecomelighterthantraditionalcars.D.Tyretechnologywillstopproducingmicroplastics.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally，ifpowerplantsandcarproducingplantsincreasinglyuserenewablesourcesofenergy，theinitialemissionsassociatedwithmakingEVswillapproachzero.”可知，未来电动汽车对环境更友好的原因可能是更多行业(如发电厂、汽车制造厂)会使用可再生能源。故选B。11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.HowAreEVBatteriesRecycled？B.EVsvsICEVs：CostComparison？C.TheFutureofRenewableEnergyinCars？D.MoreEnvironmentallyFriendly，ICEVsorEVs？答案：D解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段可知，文章开篇引出电动汽车，随后围绕“电动汽车是否比内燃机汽车更环保”展开，对比两者在碳排放、电池回收、轮胎污染等方面的差异，最后指出若更多行业使用可再生能源，电动汽车环保优势将更明显。故选D。D(2026·浙江省名校协作体一模)Microplasticshavebeendetectedinhumanbrainsatfarhigherconcentrationsthaninotherbodilyorgans—andlevelsareincreasing，havingrisen50percentineightyears.ThisistheconclusionofateamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofNewMexico(UNM)，whosaidthefindingsshouldtriggeralarm.“Thisreallychangesthelandscape.Itmakesitsomuchmorepersonal，”UNMprofessorMatthewCampensaidinastatement.“Ihavenotencounteredasinglehumanbeingwhosays，‘There’sabunchofplasticinmybrainandI’mtotallycoolwiththat’.”Microplastic(smallerthan5millimetersinsize)andnanoplastic(under0.001millimeters)pollutionhavebecomecommonintheenvironmentandcangetintothefoodweeat.Theseplasticbitshavebeenfoundinvariousbodilyorgans—includingthekidney，liver—althoughnotatsuchconcentrationsasnowseeninthebrain，theteamsaid.Theresearchersidentified12differenttypesofplasticwithinsamplescollectedfromtheso-calledfrontalcortex(前额叶)—thebrainregionfoundaboveandbehindtheeyesthathadbeenlinkedtovariouscapabilitiesfromabstractthinkingthroughtomotorfunction.“Westartthinkingthatmaybetheseplasticsblockbloodflowinsmallbloodtube，”Campensaid.“There’sthepotentialthatthesenanomaterialsinterferewiththeconnectionsbetweenaxons(轴突)inthebrain.Theycouldalsobeaseedforgroupingofproteinsinvolvedindementia(痴呆).Wejustdon’tknow.”Campensaidmostofthemicroplasticsthatendupinourbodiesarrivethereviafood—meatinparticular，ascommercialmeatproductionconcentratesplasticsacrossthefoodchain.“Thewayweirrigatefieldswithwatercontainingplastic，weassumethattheplasticbuildsupthere，”hesaid.“Wefeedthosecropstoourfarmanimals.Wetaketheanimalwasteandputitbackonthefield.”Microplasticandnanoplasticpollutionintheenvironmentiscertaintogrow，theresearcherswarn—forevenifweweretoceaseplasticproductiontomorrow，existingplasticwouldstillbearoundtobreakdownintotinyandthensupertinypieces.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微塑料在人类大脑中被检测到的浓度远高于其他身体器官，且水平在上升，并阐述了微塑料进入人体的途径及其可能带来的危害。12.WhydoestheauthorciteProfessorMatthewCampen’swordsinParagraph2？A.Toemphasizetheplasticsimpactsonindividuals.B.Toexplainthesourceofplasticsinhumanorgans.C.Totriggeraquickresponsefromdifferentresearchers.D.Toadvocateforreductionmeasuresinplasticproduction.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者引用教授的话是为了强调塑料对个人的影响，让问题变得更加个人化，更加引起人们的关注。故选A。13.Whatmightnanoplasticsinthebrainleadto？A.Continuousbrainaging.B.Immediatememoryloss.C.Disturbedneuralbonds.D.Completebloodtubeblockage.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“There’sthepotentialthatthesenanomaterialsinterferewiththeconnectionsbetweenaxons(轴突)inthebrain.”可知，大脑中的纳米塑料可能会导致神经连接受干扰。故选C。14.Whatcanbeinferredaboutcommercialmeatproduction？A.Itreliesonpollutedirrigation.B.Itremovesplasticscompletely.C.Itreducesthewasteofcrops.D.Itaccumulatesplasticsinfoodchain.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“Campensaidmostofthemicroplasticsthatendupinourbodiesarrivethereviafood—meatinparticular，ascommercialmeatproductionconcentratesplasticsacrossthefoodchain.”可知，商业肉类生产在食物链中积累了塑料。故选D。15.Whatdoesthelastparagraph’swarningimply？A.Nanoplasticsislessharmful.B.Anti-pollutioneffortsareeffective.C.Existingplasticsstillposeathreat.D.Stoppingproductionsolv