部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案

部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案第1页共1页部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Ifastudentwantstoexpresstheideathat"manypeoplebelievethis"inEnglish,whichstructureshouldtheyuse?A.Thisisthoughtbymanypeople.B.Manypeoplethinkit.C.Itisthoughtbymanypeople.D.Manypeoplebelieveit.参考答案：B2.Whentranslatingthesentence"Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting,"intoEnglish,whatstructureshouldbeused?A.ThebookisinterestingthatIboughtyesterday.B.ThebookIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.C.Iboughtyesterdaythebookwhichisveryinteresting.D.Thebook,boughtyesterday,isveryinterestingtome.参考答案：B3.Inthesentence"Heistallerthanme,"whichstructureisgrammaticallycorrect?A.HeistallerthanIam.B.HeistallerthanI.C.Heistallerthanmyheight.D.HeistallerthanIdo.参考答案：A4.Ifastudentwantstosay"IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforfiveyears,"whichstructureshouldtheyuse?A.IstudyEnglishforfiveyears.B.IhavestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.C.IstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.D.IamstudyingEnglishforfiveyears.参考答案：B5.Whenexpressingtheideathat"ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic,"whichstructureshouldbeused?A.Itwillcancelthepicnicifitrainstomorrow.B.Wewillcancelthepicnicifitrainstomorrow.C.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic.D.Tomorrow,ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic.参考答案：C6.Inthesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor,"whatstructureisusedtoidentifytheman?A.Themanlivesnextdoorisadoctor.B.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.C.Nextdoorlivesthemanwhoisadoctor.D.Themannextdoorisadoctorwholivesthere.参考答案：B7.Ifastudentwantstoexpresstheideathat"thisisthebestrestaurantIhaveevervisited,"whichstructureshouldtheyuse?A.ThisisthebestrestaurantthatIhaveevervisited.B.ThisisthebestrestaurantwhichIhaveevervisited.C.ThisisthebestrestaurantIhaveevervisited.D.ThisisthebestrestaurantIhaveevervisitedtome.参考答案：A8.Whentranslatingthesentence"ThewomanwhowontheawardisfromChina,"intoEnglish,whatstructureshouldbeused?A.ThewomanwhowontheawardisfromChina.B.ThewomanwhoisfromChinawontheaward.C.TheawardwaswonbythewomanwhoisfromChina.D.ThewomanfromChinawontheaward.参考答案：A9.Ifastudentwantstosay"Ihavelivedinthiscitysince2010,"whichstructureshouldtheyuse?A.Ihavelivedinthiscityfor2010.B.Ihavebeenlivinginthiscitysince2010.C.Ilivedinthiscitysince2010.D.Iamlivinginthiscitysince2010.参考答案：B10.Whenexpressingtheideathat"thebookthatIreadlastnightwasveryexciting,"whichstructureshouldbeused?A.ThebookthatIreadlastnightwasveryexciting.B.ThebookIreadlastnightwasveryexciting.C.Ireadlastnightthebookwhichwasveryexciting.D.Thebook,readlastnight,wasveryexcitingtome.参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.Ifyou______hard,youwillsucceed.参考答案：study2.Thenewpolicywillaffecttheenvironment______.参考答案：greatly3.Themainpurposeofthisprojectistoimprovepublicsafety______.参考答案：toachieve4.Theengineersaretryingtodevelopanewtypeofrenewableenergy______.参考答案：atpresent5.Theengineershaveaplantoreducecarbonemissions______.参考答案：already6.Oneofthenegativeeffectsofthenewpolicyisincreasedtraffic______.参考答案：significantly7.Theengineersareworkingonawaytomakethecitymoresustainable______.参考答案：successfully8.Theexpectedoutcomeoftheprojectisacleanerandhealthierenvironment______.参考答案：inthefuture9.Themostsustainablesolutionistousesolarenergy______.参考答案：inmyopinion10.Ifastudentwantstoexpressfuturepossibilities,theyshouldusethefirstconditional______.参考答案：byusing三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Therelativeclausecanbeusedtomodifyanounorapronoun.参考答案：√2.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoice.参考答案：×3.Inreportedspeech,theverbtenseusuallychangesaccordingtothereportingverbtense.参考答案：√4.Theword"however"isusedtoaddnewinformationtoasentence.参考答案：×5.Thegerundcanfunctionasasubjectinasentence.参考答案：√6.Theimperativemoodisusedtogivecommandsormakerequests.参考答案：√7.Theword"too"isanadverbofdegree.参考答案：√8.Itisimportanttokeepaconsistentpointofviewinwriting.参考答案：√9.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed.参考答案：√10.Thenewpolicywillaffecttheenvironment.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.WhatisthestructureofarelativeclauseinEnglish?参考答案：Arelativeclauseconsistsofarelativepronoun(who,whom,whose,which,that)orarelativeadverb(when,where,why)followedbyaverbandasubjectandobjectifnecessary.2.Howdoyouusethepastperfecttenseinreportedspeech?参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoindicateanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Inreportedspeech,itisusedtoshowthatthereportedactionwasfinishedbeforethereportingaction.3.Canthepassivevoicebeusedinconditionalsentences?Explain.参考答案：Yes,thepassivevoicecanbeusedinconditionalsentences.Itisoftenusedtoemphasizethereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.Forexample,"Iftheexperimenthadbeenconductedproperly,theresultswouldhavebeenaccurate."4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenagerundandaparticiple?参考答案：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanoun.Aparticipleisalsoaverbformthatendsin"-ing"butfunctionsasanadjectiveoraspartofaverbphrase.5.Inwhatsituationsistheimperativemoodused?参考答案：Theimperativemoodisusedtogivecommandsormakerequests.Itisformedbyusingthebaseformoftheverbwithoutthesubject"you."Forexample,"Closethedoor,please."6.Howdoyouformaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense?参考答案：Toformaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,youusethestructure:have/has+subject+been+presentparticiple(-ingform).Forexample,"Haveyoubeenstudyingfortwohours?"7.Whatisthefunctionoftheword"however"inasentence?参考答案：Theword"however"isusedtointroduceacontrastorconcessioninasentence.Itisusuallyplacedatthebeginningofaclauseandisfollowedbyacomma.Forexample,"Heisverysmart;however,heisnotveryhardworking."8.Explaintheuseofarticles(a/an/the)inEnglish.参考答案：Articles(a/an/the)areusedinEnglishtospecifyoridentifynouns."A"or"an"isusedforsingularcountablenouns,"the"isusedforspecificorpreviouslymentionednouns.Forexample,"abook"vs."thebookonthetable."五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）（请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写最后结果不得分）1.Acompanyisplanningtoexpanditsproductionline.Theyhavetwooptionsforthenewmachinery:OptionA,whichcosts50,000andincreasesproductivityby10unitsperday,andOptionB,whichcosts70,000andincreasesproductivityby15unitsperday.Ifthecompanyaimstorecoverthecostwithinoneyear,howmanydayswouldittakeforeachoptiontoachievethisgoal?Assumethecompanyproduces200unitsperdaywiththecurrentmachinery.A.200daysforOptionAand233daysforOptionBB.250daysforOptionAand286daysforOptionBC.300daysforOptionAand350daysforOptionBD.350daysforOptionAand417daysforOptionB参考答案：B2.Aresearchteamisconductinganexperimenttotesttheeffectivenessoftwodifferentfertilizersonplantgrowth.Theyhave20identicalplantsanddividethemintotwogroupsof10.GroupAreceivesFertilizerX,whileGroupBreceivesFertilizerY.Afterthreemonths,theheightoftheplantsinGroupAaverages50cm,withastandarddeviationof5cm,andtheheightoftheplantsinGroupBaverages55cm,withastandarddeviationof7cm.A.FertilizerXismoreeffectivebecausetheaverageheightishigher.B.FertilizerYismoreeffectivebecausethestandarddeviationislower.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwofertilizers.D.FertilizerXismoreeffectivebecausethestandarddeviationislower.参考答案：C3.Acityisconsideringtwodifferenttrafficlightsystemstoimprovetrafficflow.SystemAusesagreenlightfor30seconds,yellowfor5seconds,andredfor45seconds.SystemBusesagreenlightfor40seconds,yellowfor10seconds,andredfor35seconds.A.SystemAismoreefficientbecauseithasashortertotalcycletime.B.SystemBismoreefficientbecauseithasalongergreenlightduration.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwosystems.D.SystemAismoreefficientbecauseithasahigherproportionofgreenlighttime.参考答案：A4.Agroupofstudentsisplanningaschoolevent.Theyhaveabudgetof1,000andneedtodecidebetweenrentingahallfor500andbuyingdecorationsfor1,000,orrentingasmallerhallfor300andbuyingdecorationsfor700.A.Rentingthelargerhallandbuyingdecorationsisthebestoption.B.Rentingthesmallerhallandbuyingdecorationsisthebestoption.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwooptions.D.Rentingthelargerhallandnotbuyingdecorationsisthebestoption.参考答案：B5.Acompanyisevaluatingtwodifferentmarketingstrategies.StrategyAinvolvesspending10,000ononlineadvertisingandachievinganaverageof500newcustomerspermonth.StrategyBinvolvesspending15,000ontraditionaladvertisingandachievinganaverageof700newcustomerspermonth.A.StrategyAismorecost-effectivebecauseithasalowercostpercustomer.B.StrategyBismorecost-effectivebecauseithasahighernumberofnewcustomers.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwostrategies.D.StrategyAismorecost-effectivebecauseithasahighernumberofnewcustomers.参考答案：A6.Aschoolisconsideringtwodifferentlunchoptionsforitsstudents.OptionAoffersamealfor3perday,whileOptionBoffersamealfor2.50perday.Theschoolhas1,000studentsandestimatesthat800studentswillchooseOptionAand200studentswillchooseOptionB.A.OptionAwillgeneratemorerevenuefortheschool.B.OptionBwillgeneratemorerevenuefortheschool.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferenceinrevenuebetweenthetwooptions.D.OptionAwillgeneratelessrevenuefortheschool.参考答案：A7.Acompanyisdecidingbetweentwodifferentsuppliersforitsrawmaterials.SupplierXcharges5perunitandhasadeliverytimeof2days.SupplierYcharges6perunitandhasadeliverytimeof1day.Thecompanyneeds1,000unitsofrawmaterialspermonth.A.SupplierXismorecost-effectivebecauseithasalowercostperunit.B.SupplierYismorecost-effectivebecauseithasashorterdeliverytime.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwosuppliers.D.SupplierXismorecost-effectivebecauseithasashorterdeliverytime.参考答案：B8.Agroupoffriendsisplanningaroadtrip.Theyhavetwodifferentroutestheycantake.RouteAis500mileslongandtakes8hourstocomplete,whileRouteBis600mileslongandtakes10hourstocomplete.A.RouteAismoreefficientbecauseithasashortertraveltime.B.RouteBismoreefficientbecauseithasashorterdistance.C.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetworoutes.D.RouteAismoreefficientbecauseithasashorterdistance.参考答案：A标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“宾语从句的用法”。A选项中，“Thisisthoughtbymanypeople”语序错误，应该是主动语态。C选项中，“Itisthoughtbymanypeople”中的“It”指代不明，不符合语境。D选项中，“Manypeoplebelieveit”缺少主语，不符合语法规则。B选项中，“Manypeoplethinkit”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。2.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“定语从句的用法”。A选项中，“ThebookisinterestingthatIboughtyesterday”语序错误，应该是主动语态。C选项中，“Iboughtyesterdaythebookwhichisveryinteresting”语序错误，应该是主动语态。D选项中，“Thebook,boughtyesterday,isveryinterestingtome”中的“tome”不符合语境。B选项中，“ThebookIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。3.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“比较级的使用”。A选项中，“HeistallerthanIam”符合语法规则，且表达准确。B选项中，“HeistallerthanI”缺少谓语动词，不符合语法规则。C选项中，“Heistallerthanmyheight”表达不准确，不符合语境。D选项中，“HeistallerthanIdo”表达不准确，不符合语境。故A选项为正确答案。4.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“现在完成进行时的用法”。A选项中，“IstudyEnglishforfiveyears”时态错误，应该是现在完成时。C选项中，“IstudiedEnglishforfiveyears”时态错误，应该是现在完成时。D选项中，“IamstudyingEnglishforfiveyears”时态错误，应该是现在完成时。B选项中，“IhavestudiedEnglishforfiveyears”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。5.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“条件状语从句的用法”。A选项中，“Itwillcancelthepicnicifitrainstomorrow”语序错误，应该是主动语态。B选项中，“Wewillcancelthepicnicifitrainstomorrow”缺少主语，不符合语法规则。D选项中，“Tomorrow,ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic”语序错误，应该是主动语态。C选项中，“Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。6.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“定语从句的用法”。A选项中，“Themanlivesnextdoorisadoctor”语序错误，应该是主动语态。C选项中，“Nextdoorlivesthemanwhoisadoctor”语序错误，应该是主动语态。D选项中，“Themannextdoorisadoctorwholivesthere”表达不准确，不符合语境。B选项中，“Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。7.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“最高级的使用”。A选项中，“ThisisthebestrestaurantthatIhaveevervisited”符合语法规则，且表达准确。B选项中，“ThisisthebestrestaurantwhichIhaveevervisited”中的“which”不符合语境。C选项中，“ThisisthebestrestaurantIhaveevervisited”表达不准确，不符合语境。D选项中，“ThisisthebestrestaurantIhaveevervisitedtome”表达不准确，不符合语境。故A选项为正确答案。8.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“定语从句的用法”。A选项中，“ThewomanwhowontheawardisfromChina”符合语法规则，且表达准确。B选项中，“ThewomanwhoisfromChinawontheaward”语序错误，应该是主动语态。C选项中，“TheawardwaswonbythewomanwhoisfromChina”语序错误，应该是主动语态。D选项中，“ThewomanfromChinawontheaward”表达不准确，不符合语境。故A选项为正确答案。9.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“现在完成时的时间状语”。A选项中，“Ihavelivedinthiscityfor2010”时间状语错误，应该是since2010。C选项中，“Ilivedinthiscitysince2010”时态错误，应该是现在完成时。D选项中，“Iamlivinginthiscitysince2010”时态错误，应该是现在完成时。B选项中，“Ihavebeenlivinginthiscitysince2010”符合语法规则，且表达准确，故为正确答案。10.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“定语从句的用法”。A选项中，“ThebookthatIreadlastnightwasveryexciting”符合语法规则，且表达准确。B选项中，“ThebookIreadlastnightwasveryexciting”符合语法规则，但不如A选项中的“that”更准确。C选项中，“Ireadlastnightthebookwhichwasveryexciting”语序错误，应该是主动语态。D选项中，“Thebook,readlastnight,wasveryexcitingtome”表达不准确，不符合语境。故A选项为正确答案。二、填空题1.参考答案：study解析：本题考查〈动词时态〉。根据句意和主句的将来时态，从句应用一般现在时表示将来，故填study。2.参考答案：greatly解析：本题考查〈形容词比较级〉。根据句意，新政策对环境的影响很大，应用副词greatly修饰动词affect，故填greatly。3.参考答案：toachieve解析：本题考查〈不定式作目的状语〉。根据句意，这个项目的目的是为了提高公共安全，应用不定式toachieve表达目的，故填toachieve。4.参考答案：atpresent解析：本题考查〈介词短语作状语〉。根据句意，工程师们正在尝试开发一种新的可再生能源，应用介词短语atpresent表示目前，故填atpresent。5.参考答案：already解析：本题考查〈副词作状语〉。根据句意，工程师们已经有一个计划来减少碳排放，应用副词already表示已经，故填already。6.参考答案：significantly解析：本题考查〈副词作状语〉。根据句意，新政策的一个负面影响是交通增加，应用副词significantly表示显著地，故填significantly。7.参考答案：successfully解析：本题考查〈副词作状语〉。根据句意，工程师们正在努力找到一个让城市更可持续的方法，应用副词successfully表示成功地，故填successfully。8.参考答案：inthefuture解析：本题考查〈介词短语作状语〉。根据句意，项目的预期成果是一个更清洁、更健康的环境，应用介词短语inthefuture表示将来，故填inthefuture。9.参考答案：inmyopinion解析：本题考查〈介词短语作状语〉。根据句意，最可持续的解决方案是使用太阳能，应用介词短语inmyopinion表示个人观点，故填inmyopinion。10.参考答案：byusing解析：本题考查〈介词短语作方式状语〉。根据句意，如果学生想表达未来的可能性，他们应该使用第一条件句，应用介词短语byusing表示通过使用，故填byusing。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，可以提供关于这个名词或代词的额外信息。例如，"Thegirlwhoiswearingareddressismysister."这里的"whoiswearingareddress"就是一个定语从句，修饰了名词"girl"。2.参考答案：×解析：本题考查语态的用法。虽然被动语态在某些情况下比主动语态更正式，但这并不是绝对的。语态的选择取决于语境和表达的需要。例如，"Themeetingwasattendedbyeveryone."（被动语态）和"Theeveryoneattendedthemeeting."（主动语态）在正式场合中都可以使用。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查间接引语的用法。在间接引语中，如果引述的内容的时态晚于报告的时态，通常需要根据报告的时态来调整引述的时态。例如，"Hesaid,'Iamgoingtothestore.'"变成间接引语就是"Hesaidthathewasgoingtothestore."。4.参考答案：×解析：本题考查连接副词的用法。"However"是用来表示转折的连接副词，用来引出与前面内容相反或不同的信息。例如，"Heisrich.However,heisnothappy."这里的"however"表示转折。5.参考答案：√解析：本题考查动名词的用法。动名词是动词的-ing形式，可以作为句子中的主语。例如，"Swimmingismyfavoritehobby."这里的"Swimming"就是一个动名词，作主语。6.参考答案：√解析：本题考查祈使句的用法。祈使句是用来表达命令、请求、建议等意思的句式，通常以动词原形开头，句末用句号。例如，"Closethedoor,please."。7.参考答案：√解析：本题考查副词的用法。"Too"是一个程度副词，用来表示“也”或“太”。例如，"Iamtired.Heistoo."这里的"too"表示“也”。8.参考答案：√解析：本题考查写作中的视角一致性。在写作中，保持一致的视角可以帮助读者更好地理解文章的内容和意图。例如，如果以第三人称视角开始，就不要突然切换到第一人称视角。9.参考答案：√解析：本题考查条件状语从句的用法。条件状语从句用来表达一个条件及其结果。例如，"Ifyoustudyhard,youwillsucceed."这里的"Ifyoustudyhard"是条件状语从句，"youwillsucceed"是主句。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查时态的用法。将来时态用来表达未来的动作或状态。例如，"Thenewpolicywillaffecttheenvironment."这里的"willaffect"表示未来的影响。四、简答题1.参考答案：Arelativeclauseconsistsofarelativepronoun(who,whom,whose,which,that)orarelativeadverb(when,where,why)followedbyaverbandasubjectandobjectifnecessary.解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“定语从句的结构”。定语从句由关系词（代词或副词）引导，后面跟一个完整的句子成分。关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语或状语。答案结构为“关系词+谓语+（主语+宾语）”，符合语法规则。2.参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoindicateanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Inreportedspeech,itisusedtoshowthatthereportedactionwasfinishedbeforethereportingaction.解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“过去完成时的用法”。过去完成时表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。在间接引语中，过去完成时用于表示被转述的动作发生在转述动作之前。答案解释了其在间接引语中的具体用法。3.参考答案：Yes,thepassivevoicecanbeusedinconditionalsentences.Itisoftenusedtoemphasizethereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.Forexample,"Iftheexperimenthadbeenconductedproperly,theresultswouldhavebeenaccurate."解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“被动语态的用法”。被动语态在条件句中可以用来强调动作的承受者。答案通过例句说明了被动语态在条件句中的使用情况。4.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanoun.Aparticipleisalsoaverbformthatendsin"-ing"butfunctionsasanadjectiveoraspartofaverbphrase.解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“动名词和分词的区别”。动名词具有名词的功能，可以作主语、宾语等；分词具有形容词或动词短语的功能。答案通过功能区分了两者。5.参考答案：Theimperativemoodisusedtogivecommandsormakerequests.Itisformedbyusingthebaseformoftheverbwithoutthesubject"you."Forexample,"Closethedoor,please."解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“祈使句的用法”。祈使句用于发出命令或请求，其结构为动词原形，不加主语“you”。答案通过例句说明了祈使句的用法。6.参考答案：Toformaquestionusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense,youusethestructure:have/has+subject+been+presentparticiple(-ingform).Forexample,"Haveyoubeenstudyingfortwohours?"解析：本题考查《部编版高三英语下册第12单元语法知识点巩固习题及答案》中“现在完成进行时的用法”。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，结构为“have/has+主语+been+动词ing形式”。答案通过例句说明了其用法。7.参考答案：Theword"however"isusedtointroduceacontrastorconcessioninasentence.Itisusuallyplacedatthebeginningofaclauseandisfollowedbyacomma.Forexample,"He