2026全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级历年参考题库含答案详解

2026全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级历年参考题库含答案详解一、选择题从给出的选项中选择正确答案（共100题）1、外贸企业出口加工贸易复进口的保税料件，海关征税时应：A.计入原材料成本B.计入管理费用C.计入营业外支出D.计入销售费用2、外贸企业采用FOB条件出口，代买方垫付的国外运费应借记：A.销售费用B.应收账款C.主营业务成本D.预付账款3、外贸企业出口货物在途损失经批准后应计入：A.主营业务成本B.营业外支出C.销售费用D.管理费用4、Despitethesevereweatherconditions,therescueteammanagedtoreachtheremotevillagebeforenightfall.Theunderlinedword"despite"isclosestinmeaningto.A.becauseofB.inspiteofC.insteadofD.nextto5、Theprofessorinsistedthateverystudenttheassignmentontime,regardlessofanyexcuses.A.submitsB.submitC.submittedD.willsubmit6、Notuntilthemeetingendedtheimportanceofthedecisionmadebythecommittee.A.IrealizedB.didIrealizeC.IdidrealizeD.realizedI7、Thenewlypublishedresearchpaperprovidescompellingevidencethatclimatechange,humanactivitiesaretheprimarycontributorstoglobalwarming.A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.lessthanD.morethan8、TheCEO'sunexpectedresignationsentshockwavesthroughtheindustry,leavinganalyststopredictthecompany'sfuturetrajectory.A.strugglingB.tostruggleC.struggledD.struggle9、Itisimperativethatthegovernmenteffectivemeasurestoaddressthegrowinghousingcrisisinmajorcities.A.takesB.takeC.tookD.taking10、Thearchaeologicaldiscovery,byateamofinternationalresearchers,hasfundamentallyalteredourunderstandingofancientcivilizations.A.whichledB.leadingC.ledD.tolead11、Hadthecommitteeapprovedtheproposal,weaspecialtaskforcetoimplementitimmediately.A.wouldestablishB.wouldhaveestablishedC.willestablishD.hadestablished12、Neitherthestudentsnortheteachersawareoftheupcomingschedulechangesuntiltheannouncementwasmade.A.wereB.wasC.areD.is13、Theeconomist'sforecast,initiallymetwithskepticism,provedtoberemarkablyaccurateasthemarkettrendshispredictions.A.validatedB.criticizedC.质疑dD.ignored14、Bythetimetheconferenceconcluded,overtwohundreddelegatesonissuesrangingfromtradepolicytoenvironmentalprotection.A.haddiscussedB.havediscussedC.discussedD.werediscussing15、Theprofessor'slecture,thoughdeliveredinamonotonoustone,wasneverthelesswithvaluableinsightsthatchallengedconventionalthinking.A.packedB.emptyC.bareD.vacant16、thesubstantialfinancialinvestmentrequired,theprojectteamremainedoptimisticaboutachievingtheirgoalswithinthespecifiedtimeframe.A.DespiteB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.However17、Theresearcher'sfindings,whichsignificantimplicationsforpublicpolicy,havesparkedintensedebateamongacademicsandpractitionersalike.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.ishaving18、Thecommitteedebatedforhoursbeforefinallyreachingadecisionthatsatisfiedneithersideofthecontroversy.A.compromisingB.compromisedC.compromiseD.tocompromise19、fromhisextensivefieldwork,theanthropologistpresentedacomprehensiveanalysisofthetribe'ssocialstructuresandculturalpractices.A.DrawingB.DrawnC.TodrawD.Havingdrawn20、Thenewlegislationaimstotheloopholesintheexistingtaxcodethathavelongbeenexploitedbymultinationalcorporations.A.plugB.fillC.patchD.mend21、Notonlytheimpactofclimatechangeoncoastalcommunities,buthealsoproposedconcretestrategiesforadaptationandresiliencebuilding.A.didheexamineB.heexaminedC.hedidexamineD.examinedhe22、Theboardofdirectorsunanimousintheiroppositiontothemerger,arguingthatitwouldunderminethecompany'scorevaluesandlong-termsustainability.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.havebeen23、Themanagerinsistedthattheproject_bytheendofthisweek.A.becompletedB.willbecompletedC.mustcompleteD.completed24、Itishightimethatwe_somemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake25、Thenewtechnologyis_totransformthewayweliveandwork.A.likelyB.probableC.possibleD.like26、Notuntilthemeetingwasover_realizetheimportanceoftheplan.A.didheB.hedidC.hehasD.hashe27、Thecompanyhasinvestedalargesumofmoneyin_renewableenergysources.A.exploringB.explorationC.exploreD.explored28、Theprofessor'slecturewasso_thatevenstudentswhohadnotpreparedforthecoursecouldfollowit.A.lucidB.obscureC.ambiguousD.vague29、She_tothepartyifshehadknownaboutitearlier.A.wouldhavecomeB.willcomeC.cameD.comes30、Thegovernmenthasadoptedaseriesof_topromoteeconomicgrowth.A.policiesB.policyC.politicD.political31、Onlybypracticingeveryday_improveyourEnglishproficiency.A.canyouB.youcanC.youwillD.willyoucan32、Theresearcherspentthreeyears_datafromvarioussources.A.collectingB.tocollectC.collectedD.collect33、Despitetheheavyrain,_continuedtoplayfootballonthefield.A.theyB.themselvesC.themD.their34、Thebookis_worthreadingthatIhaverecommendedittomanyofmyfriends.A.soB.suchC.tooD.very35、Itisgenerallybelievedthateducationshould_thedevelopmentofcriticalthinking.A.fosterB.frustrateC.furnishD.formulate36、Thecommitteereacheda_thatallmembersagreedwith.A.consensusB.consent37、Thescientistmadean_discoverythatchangedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.A.unprecedentedB.precedentC.previousD.prior38、Theteacheraskedustowriteanessayonthe_effectsofglobalization.A.implicationsB.implicationC.implicitD.implicitly39、Hardlyhadwearrivedhome_itbegantorainheavily.A.whenB.thanC.thenD.that40、The_ofthenewpolicyhascausedwidespreadconcernamongcitizens.A.implementationB.implementC.implemental41、Theprofessor'sargumentwasso_thatnoonecouldfindanyflawinit.A.compellingB.compelledC.compelD.compulsion42、Bythetimetheproject_,we_fornearlysixmonths.A.iscompleted;willhavebeenworkingB.willbecompleted;willworkC.completes;haveworkedD.completed;hadworked43、Shehadtothefactthatshehadfailedtheexam,thoughitwasdifficultforhertoaccept.A.faceB.confrontC.admitD.resist44、Thenewlybuiltlibrary,wascompletedlastmonth,hasbecomeafavoritestudyspotforstudents.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it45、Notuntiltheprofessorexplaineditagainthecomplexmathematicalconcept.A.didthestudentunderstandB.thestudentunderstoodC.thestudentdoesunderstandD.understoodthestudent46、Despitetheweatherconditions,theclimberscontinuedtheirascenttothesummit.A.hazardousB.hazardousnessC.hazardD.hazardously47、IfIaboutthemeetingearlier,Iwouldhaveattendedit.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.know48、TheprofessorinsistedthateverystudenttheassignmentbeforeFriday.A.submitB.submitsC.submittedD.willsubmit49、theheavyrain,theoutdoorconcertwaspostponeduntilnextSaturday.A.DuetoB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.Despiteof50、Thecompanyhasinvestedheavilyinrenewableenergy,itaimstoreducecarbonemissionsby50percent.A.forB.becauseC.soD.and51、Bythetimetherescueteamarrived,thetrappedminersforoverforty-eighthours.A.hadbeentrappedB.weretrappedC.havebeentrappedD.aretrapped52、Theresearchpaperbyateamofscientistsfromfivedifferentuniversitiesoveraperiodofthreeyears.A.waswrittenB.wroteC.haswrittenD.hasbeenwritten53、Thespeaker'sargumentwassothatevenhisopponentshadtoadmititsvalidity.A.compellingB.compelC.compulsionD.compulsorily54、beingtired,shemanagedtofinishallherhomeworkbeforedinner.A.InspiteofB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.Despiteof55、Thegovernmenthasintroducednewpoliciestotheeconomicgrowthinruralareas.A.stimulateB.stimulusC.stimulatingD.stimulated56、Itisessentialthatwesustainabledevelopmentintoourdailypractices.A.integrateB.integratedC.integratingD.willintegrate57、Thebetweenthetwocountrieshasimprovedsignificantlysincethetradeagreementwassigned.A.relationB.relationsC.relativeD.relatively58、Thescientistproposedanewtheory,manyexpertsremainedskeptical.A.butB.andC.soD.for59、Bytheendofnextyear,theconstructionofthenewbridge.A.willhavebeencompletedB.willbecompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted60、ThebookprovidesacomprehensiveofthehistoryofmodernartinEurope.A.overviewB.overlookC.overseeD.overtake61、Thecommitteemembersarguedheatedlyaboutthebudget,eachinsistingthathisproposalwastheone.A.superiorB.superiortoC.moresuperiorD.mostsuperior62、ThemanageraskedthatthereportbyFridayatthelatest.A.besubmittedB.submittedC.willbesubmittedD.issubmitted63、ThedocumentaryexplorestheimpactofclimatechangeonpolarbearsintheArctic.A.devastatingB.devastationC.devastatinglyD.devastate64、Hadthegovernmenttakenearlieraction,theenvironmentalcrisissosevere.A.wouldnothavebecomeB.wouldnotbecomeC.willnotbecomeD.didnotbecome65、Theprofessor'slecturewassothatmoststudentsfounditdifficulttofollowthecomplexarguments.A.abstruseB.abstractC.ambiguousD.obscure66、Thecommitteeathoroughinvestigationintotheenvironmentaldisasterbeforeanypolicychangescanbeimplemented.A.mustinitiateB.shouldhaveinitiatedC.couldinitiateD.wouldinitiate67、Theprofessor'sremarksweresothatmanystudentsfellasleepduringthelecture.A.monotonousB.stimulatingC.compellingD.incisive68、Hardlythestationwhenthetrainsuddenlypulledawaywithoutwaitingforher.A.hadshereachedB.shehadreachedC.shereachedD.didshereach69、Itisessentialthateveryparticipantthesafetyguidelinesbeforeenteringthelaboratory.A.followsB.followC.followedD.willfollow70、Theresearcher'shypothesiswasbytheexperimentaldata,whichconfirmedherinitialpredictions.A.corroboratedB.refutedC.contradictedD.undermined71、Thenewsoftwareupdatehasrenderedtheoldversioncompletely,asitlacksbasicsecurityfeatures.A.obsoleteB.operativeC.viableD.functional72、Theambassador'sspeechwasdeliveredinsuchamannerthatalldelegatesappreciatedhistactanddiplomacy.A.circumspectB.recklessC.haphazardD.impetuous73、TheCEOinsistedonareviewofthecompany'sfinancialpracticesbeforeannouncingthemerger.A.meticulousB.cursoryC.perfunctoryD.hasty74、Thenovel'sprotagonistisacharacterwhostruggleswithmoralambiguitythroughoutthenarrative.A.multifacetedB.one-dimensionalC.simplisticD.superficial75、Theevidencepresentedincourtwas,leavingnoroomforreasonabledoubtaboutthedefendant'sguilt.A.incontrovertibleB.dubiousC.ambiguousD.speculative76、Thecommittee'sdecisiontothebudgetcutshasbeenwidelycriticizedbyfacultymembersacrosscampus.A.implementB.postponeC.rescindD.revise77、Shehasaknowledgeofancientcivilizations,havingspentovertwodecadesstudyingarchaeologicalsitesintheMiddleEast.A.encyclopedicB.fragmentaryC.sketchyD.superficial78、Thenatureoftheprojectrequiredteammemberstobalancecompetingprioritiesateverystageofdevelopment.A.intricateB.straightforwardC.mundaneD.rudimentary79、Thescientist'sgroundbreakingpaperaparadigmshiftinthefieldofquantumcomputingwithinaremarkablyshortperiod.A.catalyzedB.stagnatedC.impededD.hindered80、Thewitness'stestimonywassufficientlytoconvincethejuryofthedefendant'sinvolvementinthecrime.A.cogentB.speciousC.tenuousD.equivocal81、Thecompany'sapproachtomarketexpansionhasresultedinsignificantlossesanddamageditsreputation.A.myopicB.strategicC.visionaryD.calculated82、Thephilosopher'sargumentrestsontheassumptionthathumanbehaviorisalwaysrationalandself-interested.A.reductiveB.sophisticatedC.nuancedD.comprehensive83、Theofthenewpolicyremainsunclear,asstakeholdershaveyettoprovideconcreteimplementationtimelines.A.feasibilityB.inevitabilityC.desirabilityD.adequacy84、Theauthor'sstyle,characterizedbylengthysentencesandelaboratedescriptions,appealsprimarilytoacademicreaders.A.ornateB.lucidC.conciseD.plain85、Theboardofdirectorsfoundtheauditor'sreporthighly,asitidentifiedmultipleirregularitiesinthefinancialstatements.A.illuminatingB.perplexingC.misleadingD.inconclusive86、Thediplomat'sresponsetothecontroversialquestiondeftlyavoidedcommittingtoanyspecificposition.A.equivocalB.unequivocalC.definitiveD.explicit87、Theoftheresearchfindingswascalledintoquestionafteritwasdiscoveredthatthesamplesizewasfartoosmall.A.generalizabilityB.originalityC.noveltyD.complexity88、Thecommittee'srecommendationtoreducefundingforartsprogramshassparkedheateddebateamongeducators.A.controversialB.unanimousC.bipartisanD.pragmatic89、Thescholar'slatestpublicationoffersaanalysisoftheeconomicfactorsthatcontributedtothefalloftheRomanEmpire.A.multifacetedB.singularC.narrowD.simplistic90、Thecompany'sinvestmentinrenewableenergysourceshaspositioneditasaleaderinsustainabletechnology.A.substantialB.negligibleC.tokenD.minimal91、Thejudge'srulingstruckacarefulbalancebetweenprotectingcivillibertiesandensuringpublicsafety.A.measuredB.rashC.arbitraryD.precipitate92、Thebetweenthetwotheorieshaspuzzledresearchersfordecades,withneithersideabletoprovideconclusiveevidence.A.paradoxB.resolutionC.consensusD.synthesis93、Theprofessor'slectureonpostmodernliteraturechallengedstudentstorethinktheirassumptionsaboutnarrativestructure.A.provocativeB.conventionalC.orthodoxD.mainstream94、Theofthetreatyprovisionshasledtoongoingdisputesbetweenthesignatorynationsovertheirinterpretation.A.ambiguityB.clarityC.precisionD.definiteness95、Theresearcher'smethodology,combiningqualitativeinterviewswithquantitativesurveys,yieldedricherinsightsthaneitherapproachalone.A.integrativeB.fragmentedC.isolatedD.exclusive96、TheoftheancientmanuscripthasprovidedhistorianswithinvaluableinformationaboutdailylifeinmedievalEurope.A.discoveryB.lossC.destructionD.concealment97、Thenatureofthecrisisrequiredimmediateactionfromgovernmentofficials,whohadlimitedtimetoevaluatealloptions.A.urgentB.gradualC.incrementalD.leisurely98、Theeconomist'sargumentthatinflationwouldremainlowhasbeenprovenwrongbyrecentmarkettrends.A.fallaciousB.soundC.validD.airtight99、Theoftheexperiment'sresultshaspromptedresearcherstodesignmorerigorousfollow-upstudies.A.inconclusivenessB.clarityC.certaintyD.definiteness100、Thediplomat'scommunicationstylehelpedde-escalatetensionsduringthehighlychargednegotiations.A.tactfulB.bluntC.abrasive

参考答案及解析1.【参考答案】A【解析】保税料件复进口时需缴纳的关税和增值税，属于料件取得成本的组成部分，应计入原材料成本。保税政策下料件原为免税进口，补税环节形成的税负支出构成料件的额外采购成本，符合成本归集的基本原则。2.【参考答案】B【解析】代买方垫付的国外运费属于代垫款项，应向买方收回，应借记"应收账款"科目。该款项不构成企业的费用支出，而是代收代付性质的往来款项，待向客户收取时冲减应收账款，不影响企业的损益计算。3.【参考答案】B【解析】出口货物在途损失属于非常损失，经批准后应计入营业外支出。该损失与企业正常经营活动无直接关系，是因自然灾害或意外事故等非正常原因造成的资产损失，按会计准则规定应作为营业外支出处理，而非正常成本费用。4.【参考答案】B【解析】"despite"意为"尽管、虽然"，表示让步关系，与"inspiteof"同义。选项A"becauseof"表示原因，选项C"insteadof"表示替代，选项D"nextto"表示位置关系，均不符合语境。5.【参考答案】B【解析】"insistthat"后接宾语从句时，若表示"坚决要求"，从句需用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"。此处"submit"为动词原形，符合语法要求。选项A为第三人称单数形式，选项C为过去式，选项D为将来时，均不正确。6.【参考答案】B【解析】"notuntil"置于句首时，主句需部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提前。此处一般过去时用"did"，构成"didIrealize"的正确倒装结构。选项A、C未倒装，选项D语序错误。7.【参考答案】A【解析】"ratherthan"意为"而不是"，用于连接两个对比成分，强调前者而非后者。句意表明人类活动而非气候变化是主要原因。选项B"otherthan"意为"除了"，选项C"lessthan"意为"少于"，选项D"morethan"意为"多于"，均不符合语境。8.【参考答案】A【解析】"leave+宾语+宾补"结构中，宾补可用现在分词表示主动或进行意义。此处"struggling"作宾语补足语，表示分析师们正处于"挣扎、难以预测"的状态。其他选项不符合该结构的语法要求。9.【参考答案】B【解析】"itisimperativethat..."句型中，that从句需用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"。此处"take"为动词原形，符合要求。选项A为第三人称单数，选项C为过去式，选项D为现在分词，均不正确。10.【参考答案】C【解析】"ledby..."为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰"discovery"，表示"由...领导/带领"的被动关系。完整形式可理解为"whichwasledby..."。选项A为定语从句但缺系动词，选项B表示主动关系，选项D语序不当。11.【参考答案】B【解析】这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。"hadapproved"为过去完成时，主句应为"wouldhave+过去分词"。句意为"如果委员会批准了提案，我们早就建立了特别工作组"。选项A对应现在虚拟，选项C、D不符合虚拟语气结构。12.【参考答案】A【解析】Neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循"就近原则"，即与最近的主语保持一致。此处"teachers"为复数，故用"were"。选项B、D为单数形式，选项C虽为复数但时态不一致。13.【参考答案】A【解析】validated意为"验证、证实"，符合语境——市场趋势证实了经济学家的预测。选项B"criticized"意为"批评"，选项C疑似乱码，选项D"ignored"意为"忽视"，均不符合逻辑关系。14.【参考答案】A【解析】"Bythetime"+过去时间状语，主句常用过去完成时，表示在过去的某一时间之前已经完成的动作。此处"haddiscussed"强调在会议结束前代表们已经讨论过相关议题。选项B为现在完成时，选项C为一般过去时，选项D为过去进行时，均不符合时间关系。15.【参考答案】A【解析】"packedwith"意为"装满、充满"，符合句意——讲座充满有价值的见解。选项B"empty"意为"空的"，选项C"Dbare"意为"赤裸的"，选项D"vacant"意为"空洞的"，均与语境相反。16.【参考答案】A【解析】"Despite"后接名词短语，符合此处语法结构。选项B"Although"后应接从句，选项C"Whereas"表对比关系且后接从句，选项D"However"为副词不能直接引导状语。句意为"尽管需要大量资金投入"。17.【参考答案】A【解析】定语从句中，关系代词"which"指代复数名词"findings"，故谓语动词用复数形式"have"。选项B为单数形式，选项C为过去完成时态不符合语境，选项D时态混乱。18.【参考答案】A【解析】"compromising"为现在分词作定语，表示"折中的、妥协的"决定，符合语境。选项B为过去分词表被动已完成，选项C为名词或动词原形，选项D为不定式表目的，均不符合此处语法要求。19.【参考答案】A【解析】现在分词短语作状语，主语"theanthropologist"与"draw"之间为主动关系，表示"基于、根据"其广泛的实地考察。选项B为过去分词表被动，选项C不定式表目的或将来，选项D为现在分词完成式强调动作先后，均不如选项A简洁自然。20.【参考答案】A【解析】"plugtheloopholes"为固定搭配，意为"堵塞漏洞"，比喻弥补法规缺陷。选项B"fill"意为"填补"，选项C"patch"意为"修补"，选项D"mend"意为"修理"，虽语义相近但搭配习惯不同，"plugloopholes"是最地道的表达。21.【参考答案】A【解析】"Notonly...butalso..."置于句首时，"notonly"后的分句需部分倒装。此处一般过去时借助"did"提前构成倒装。选项B、C未倒装，选项D语序错误。22.【参考答案】B【解析】"boardofdirectors"作为集合名词，当强调成员个体意见时用复数谓语动词。此处"wereunanimous"表示董事们意见一致，强调各个成员的态度。选项A为单数形式，选项C、D时态不符。23.【参考答案】A【解析】insist当表示"坚持要求"时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即"(should)+动词原形"。本句中表示经理坚持要求项目在本周末之前完成，且项目与完成之间是被动关系，因此用becompleted。willbecompleted和mustcomplete都不是虚拟语气的正确形式，completed缺少助动词。句意：经理坚持要求该项目在本周末前完成。24.【参考答案】B【解析】Itis(high)timethat...是一个固定句型，表示"是到……时候了"，that从句中动词需用过去式表示虚拟语气。本句中从句谓语动词用took符合这一规则。其他选项均不符合该句型的虚拟语气要求。句意：是我们采取一些措施保护环境的时候了。25.【参考答案】A【解析】belikelytodosth.是固定搭配，表示"很可能做某事"。possible和probable通常用于"Itispossible/probablethat..."句型，不能直接用人作主语接不定式。like作介词时意为"像"，不符合句意。本句表示这项新技术很可能改变我们的生活方式。句意：这项新技术很可能改变我们生活和工作的。26.【参考答案】A【解析】notuntil置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词提到主语前面。本句描述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时，因此用didhe。hashe表示现在完成时，不符合语境。句意：直到会议结束他才意识到这个计划的重要性。27.【参考答案】B【解析】in是介词，其后应接名词作宾语。explore是动词，exploration是其名词形式，表示"探索、探测"。exploring是现在分词或动名词，在此语境中不如名词exploration正式和准确。explored是过去分词，不能直接作介词宾语。句意：公司在大笔资金投资可再生能源的开发探索。28.【参考答案】A【解析】lucid意为"清晰的、明白易懂的"，符合句意。obscure意为"模糊的、晦涩的"，ambiguous意为"模棱两可的"，vague意为"含糊的、不明确的"，这三个词都与后文"即使没有预习的学生也能跟上"相矛盾。句意：教授的讲座非常清晰易懂，以至于没有预习的学生也能跟上。29.【参考答案】A【解析】这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。if从句使用过去完成时(hadknown)，主句应使用would/could/might+have+过去分词。willcome和comes是真实条件句的形式，came不表示虚拟语气。句意：如果她早点知道有这个聚会，她就会来参加。30.【参考答案】A【解析】aseriesof后面接可数名词复数形式。policy是"政策"的意思，其复数形式是policies。politic是形容词，意为"精明的、审慎的"；political也是形容词，意为"政治的"。句意：政府已经采取了一系列政策来促进经济增长。31.【参考答案】A【解析】only+状语置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装。canyou是倒装语序，youcan是正常语序。onlybypracticingeveryday是方式状语前置，因此主句要用倒装结构。willyoucan结构错误，因为情态动词不能连用。句意：只有每天练习你才能提高英语水平。32.【参考答案】A【解析】spend时间+doingsth.是固定搭配，表示"花时间做某事"。本句中researcher花费三年时间收集数据，应使用collecting。tocollect是不定式，不能用在spend后面。collected是过去式或过去分词，collect是动词原形，均不符合该搭配。句意：这位研究人员花了三年时间从各种来源收集数据。33.【参考答案】A【解析】Despitetheheavyrain是让步状语，主句需要主语。they是主格代词，可以作主语。themselves是反身代词，作宾语或强调用；them是宾格代词；their是形容词性物主代词，都不能单独作主语。句意：尽管下着大雨，他们仍然在球场上踢足球。34.【参考答案】A【解析】so...that...是固定搭配，表示"如此……以至于……"。such后面通常接名词，too...to...表示"太……而不能……"，very不能与that从句搭配。本句中worthreading是形容词短语，应用so修饰。句意：这本书非常值得一读，所以我推荐给许多朋友。35.【参考答案】A【解析】foster意为"培养、促进"，符合句意。frustrate意为"挫败、阻挠"，furnish意为"提供、供应"，formulate意为"制定、规划"，这三个词都不符合"教育应促进批判性思维发展"的语义。句意：人们普遍认为教育应该培养批判性思维能力。36.【参考答案】A【解析】consensus意为"一致意见、共识"，reachaconsensus是固定搭配，表示"达成共识"。consent通常作不可数名词，表示"同意、许可"。本句表示委员会达成了所有成员都同意的共识。句意：委员会达成了所有成员都一致的共识。37.【参考答案】A【解析】unprecedented意为"前所未有的、史无前例的"，修饰discovery表示这一发现是前所未有的。precedent是名词"先例"或形容词"precedented"；previous和prior都表示"先前的、之前的"，不符合句意。句意：这位科学家做出了一个前所未有的发现，改变了我们对宇宙的理解。38.【参考答案】A【解析】implications是名词复数，表示"含义、影响"，theimplicationsofglobalization意为"全球化的影响"。implication单数形式不如复数常用；implicit是形容词"含蓄的、隐含的"；implicitly是副词。本句需要名词复数作定语修饰effects。句意：老师要求我们写一篇关于全球化影响的论文。39.【参考答案】A【解析】hardly...when...是固定搭配，表示"一……就……"。than与nosooner搭配，即nosooner...than...。then是副词，不能引导从句；that不能与hardly搭配。句意：我们一到家就开始下大雨了。40.【参考答案】A【解析】implementation是名词，表示"实施、执行"，theimplementationofthenewpolicy意为"新政策的实施"。implement是动词"实施"；implemental是形容词"实施的"。本句需要名词作主语。句意：新政策的实施引起了民众的广泛关注。41.【参考答案】A【解析】compelling是形容词，意为"令人信服的、强制的"，修饰argument表示论证很有说服力。compelled是过去分词，表示"被强迫的"；compel是动词；compulsion是名词"强迫、强制"。句意：教授的论证令人信服，没有人能找到其中的漏洞。42.【参考答案】A【解析】bythetime+一般现在时表示将来时，主句用将来完成时。iscompleted是被动语态的一般现在时，willhavebeenworking是将来完成进行时，表示到将来某时已经持续进行的动作。willbecompleted和willwork时态不对应；completes是主动语态，project应为被动；completed和hadworked是过去时，不符合bythetime表将来的用法。句意：到这个项目完成时，我们将已经工作了将近六个月。43.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查动词辨析。face意为"面对、正视"，facethefact是固定搭配，表示"直面事实"。confront强调正面冲突或对抗；admit是"承认"，常接从句或that引导的内容；resist是"抵抗、抵制"，与题意不符。句意为"她不得不直面考试成绩不及格的事实，虽然很难接受"。facethefact为常用表达，强调勇敢面对现实，故选A。44.【参考答案】B【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是Thenewlybuiltlibrary，从句缺少主语，且逗号后为非限制性定语从句，只能用which引导。that不能用于非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句；it会使句子变成两个独立分句却无连词连接，构成run-onsentence。句意为"上个月完工的新建图书馆已成为学生喜欢的学习场所"，故选B。45.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查倒装句。notuntil位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提前到主语之前。本句为过去时，需用did提前构成倒装。B项无倒装错误；C项时态不一致；D项语序错误。句意为"直到教授再次解释，学生才理解这个复杂的数学概念"，故选A。46.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查词性辨析。空格位于定冠词the和名词weather之间，需填形容词作定语修饰weather。hazardous是形容词，意为"危险的、有害的"；hazardousness是名词；hazard是名词"危险"；hazardously是副词。句意为"尽管天气条件危险，登山者仍继续向顶峰攀登"，故选A。47.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句wouldhave+过去分词可知这是对过去情况的虚拟，if从句需用过去完成时had+过去分词。knew是对现在或未来的虚拟；haveknown和know不符合虚拟语气结构。句意为"如果我早点知道开会的事，我就会参加了"，故选A。48.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。insist意为"坚持要求"时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，结构为(should)+动词原形。should可省略，直接用动词原形submit。submits是第三人称单数；submitted是过去式；willsubmit不符合虚拟语气结构。句意为"教授坚持要求每位学生在周五前提交作业"，故选A。49.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查介词短语用法。dueto后接名词短语theheavyrain，表示"由于、因为"，符合句意。because后接从句；although表示让步关系，与句意相反；despite本身已含"尽管"之意，不能加of。句意为"由于大雨，户外音乐会推迟到下周六举行"，故选A。50.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查连词用法。for作为并列连词连接两个分句，表示推断理由，符合"公司大量投资可再生能源，因为其目标是减少碳排放50%"的逻辑关系。because从属连词导致结构不当；so表示结果而非原因；and仅表并列。for在此处引出推测的理由，是正式文体中常用的并列连词，故选A。51.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查时态。bythetime引导的时间状语从句用过去时arrived，主句动作发生在从句动作之前，需用过去完成时。hadbeentrapped表示"已经被困"，强调持续状态。weretrapped是过去时；havebeentrapped是现在完成时；aretrapped是现在时，均不符合时间逻辑。句意为"救援队到达时，被困矿工已经被困了超过四十八小时"，故选A。52.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查被动语态。主语Theresearchpaper是动作的承受者，需用被动语态was/were+过去分词。时间状语overaperiodofthreeyears表明是过去持续的动作，用一般过去时被动语态。B项主动语态错误；C项主动语态且时态不当；D项现在完成时与明确的过去时间不符。句意为"这篇研究论文是由来自五所不同大学的科学家团队花了三年时间撰写的"，故选A。53.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查词性。空格在系动词was和so...that结构中，需填形容词作表语。compelling是形容词，意为"令人信服的、有说服力的"。compel是动词；compulsion是名词；compulsorily是副词。句意为"演讲者的论据如此令人信服，甚至连他的对手都不得不承认其有效性"，故选A。54.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查让步状语。inspiteof后接名词短语beingtired，表示"尽管"，符合语法和句意。although后需接从句；however是副词，需配合逗号使用；despite本身不含of，despiteof是错误表达。句意为"尽管很累，她还是设法在晚饭前完成了所有作业"，故选A。55.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查词性。不定式to后需接动词原形，stimulate是动词，意为"刺激、激发"。stimulus是名词"刺激物"；stimulating是形容词或动名词；stimulated是过去式或过去分词。句意为"政府推出了新政策以刺激农村地区的经济增长"，故选A。56.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。在Itisessential/important/necessarythat句型中，that从句用虚拟语气，结构为(should)+动词原形。should可省略，直接用动词原形integrate。integrated、integrating、willintegrate均不符合虚拟语气要求。句意为"将可持续发展融入我们的日常实践是至关重要的"，故选A。57.【参考答案】B【解析】本题考查词义和词性。relations作名词复数时意为"外交关系、双边关系"，twocountries之间用复数形式更准确。relation单数多指一般关系；relative是形容词或名词"亲戚"；relatively是副词。句意为"两国自贸易协定签署以来，关系显著改善"，故选B。58.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查连词逻辑关系。前句说科学家提出新理论，后句说许多专家持怀疑态度，两者之间存在转折关系，用but连接。and表并列；so表因果；for表原因。句意为"科学家提出了一个新理论，但许多专家仍持怀疑态度"，故选A。59.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查将来完成时。bytheendofnextyear是将来完成时的标志时间状语，表示到将来某时已经完成的动作。将来完成时结构为willhave+过去分词，bridge与complete之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。B项将来时被động；C项现在完成时；D项一般现在时被动，均不符合时间状语要求。句意为"到明年年底，新桥的建设将会完工"，故选A。60.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查近义词辨析。overview意为"概述、全面审视"，作名词符合句意。overlook作动词意为"俯瞰、忽视"；oversee作动词意为"监督"；overtake作动词意为"追上、超过"。句意为"这本书提供了欧洲现代艺术历史的全面概述"，故选A。61.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查形容词用法。superior本身已含"优于"之意，不需要再加more或most构成比较级或最高级，因为它源于拉丁语，属于绝对形容词。B项to后面缺少比较对象；C项moresuperior语法错误；D项mostsuperior同样错误。句意为"委员会成员就预算激烈争论，每个人都坚持自己的提案是更好的"，故选A。62.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。ask表示"要求"时，其后的that从句需用虚拟语气，结构为(should)+动词原形，should可省略。report与submit之间是被动关系，需用被动语态besubmitted。B项缺少be；C项将来时被动不符合虚拟语气；D项一般现在时被动也不符合要求。句意为"经理要求报告最迟在周五前提交"，故选A。63.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查词性辨析。空格位于定冠词the和名词impact之间，需填形容词作定语。devastating是形容词，意为"毁灭性的、破坏力极大的"。devastation是名词；devastatingly是副词；devastate是动词。句意为"该纪录片探讨了气候变化对北极熊的毁灭性影响"，故选A。64.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。Hadthegovernmenttaken...是if引导的条件状语从句的倒装形式，省略if后将had提前。这是对过去情况的虚拟，主句需用wouldhave+过去分词。B项wouldnotbecome是对现在或未来的虚拟；C项将来时；D项过去时，均不符合虚拟语气结构。句意为"如果政府早点采取行动，环境危机就不会如此严重"，故选A。65.【参考答案】A【解析】本题考查近义词辨析。abstruse意为"深奥的、艰涩难懂的"，强调难以理解，符合"学生难以跟上复杂论证"的语境。abstract侧重"抽象的、理论的"；ambiguous意为"模棱两可的、含糊不清的"；obscure侧重"晦涩的、模糊的"。结合句意"教授的讲座如此深奥，大多数学生发现很难跟上复杂的论证"，abstruse最为贴切，故选A。66.【参考答案】A【解析】must表示必须，强调在政策改变之前委员会必须先启动调查，符合语境逻辑。shouldhaveinitiated是过去应当做而未做的虚拟语气；could表示能力或可能性；would表示假设情况下的结果，均不符合句意。67.【参考答案】A【解析】monotonous意为单调的、枯燥的，与后文"学生睡着"形成因果逻辑。stimulating刺激的、compelling引人入胜的、incisive犀利的，三个词均为正面评价，与句意矛盾。68.【参考答案】A【解析】hardly位于句首时，句子需部分倒装，且hardly...when结构中主句使用过去完成时，故选hadshereached。69.【参考答案】B【解析】itisessentialthat结构中，that从句需用虚拟语气，动词用原形，故选follow。70.【参考答案】A【解析】corroborated意为证实、支持，与后文"confirmedherpredictions"一致。refuted驳斥、contradicted反驳、undermined削弱，三个词均表示否定，与句意相反。71.【参考答案】A【解析】obsolete意为过时的、淘汰的，与新软件对比后旧版本被淘汰符合语境。operative可操作的、viable可行的、functional功能的，均不符合句意。72.【参考答案】A【解析】circumspect意为谨慎的、周到的，与后文tactanddiplomacy一致。reckless鲁莽的、haphazard随意的、impetuous冲动的，三个词均含贬义，与句意不符。73.【参考答案】A【解析】meticulous意为一丝不苟的、极为仔细的，强调审查的严谨性。cursory粗略的、perfunctory敷衍的、hasty匆忙的，三个词均为负面评价，与insisted的坚定态度不符。74.【参考答案】A【解析】multifaceted意为多面的、多方面的，与moralambiguity呼应，体现人物的复杂性。one-dimensional单薄的、simplistic简单化的、superficial肤浅的，三个词均为负面评价，与语境矛盾。75.【参考答案】A【解析】incontrovertible意为无可争议的，与后文noroomforreasonabledoubt一致。dubious可疑的、ambiguous模糊的、speculative推测的，三个词均表示不确定性，与句意相反。76.【参考答案】C【解析】rescind意为撤销、废除，与widelycriticized形成因果逻辑——撤销预算削减引发批评。implement实施、postpone推迟、revise修订，均不引发强烈批评。77.【参考答案】A【解析】encyclopedic意为广博的、百科全书式的，与二十余年研究经历一致。fragmentary零碎的、sketchy简陋的、superficial肤浅的，三个词均表示知识不全面，与句意矛盾。78.【参考答案】A【