阅读理解专题强化练　C、D篇阅读强化练(三)

阅读理解专题强化练C、D篇阅读强化练(三)A(2025·太原高三模拟)Manypeopleencouragecompetitionandfocusonsuccess.“Givingup”isfrownedupon.Weareoverjoyedatstoriesofpeoplewhoperseveredandsucceeded.Friendsandcolleaguesalwaysencourageyoutokeeptrying.“Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,try,tryagain.”“Followyourdream!Winnersneverquit！”Perseveranceisindeedimportant,toalimit.However,nevertakeittoofar.Foronething,goalsanddreamsmightbebeyondreach.Storiesofachievingchildhooddreamsthroughperseverancemightbeuplifting,buttheysufferfrom“selectionbias”.Putsimply,theyarenotinformative,becausenobodytellsstoriesaboutthemanypeoplewhoperseveredbutfailedafterwastingagoodpartoftheirlives.Itisindeedfrustratingifyoufollowanunrealisticdream.Foranother,everyroadtakenmeansanotherroadisnottaken.Anunrealisticgoalmeansmissingoutonotheropportunities.Whatifeverybodywiththechildhooddreamofbecominganastronautpersistentlykepttryingforever?Winnersalwayswiselychoosewhattoquitandwhattopursue.Recentstudieshaveshownthatbeingabletogiveupsomegoalsanddreamsandredirectyourenergytowardmorereasonableonesisimportantformentalwell-beingandleadstohigherqualityoflifeinthelongterm.Thepsychologicaltermis“goaldisengagement”.Ifyouarecurrentlydevotingtoomuchtimeandefforttoanunattainablegoal,herearesomehintsthatmighthelp.First,donottieagoaltoyouridentity.Nobodycanbedefinedbyasinglegoalorinterest.Besides,disengagefromagoalbutkeepsomeoftheeffort.It'scalled“turningitintoahobby”.Fewstampandcoincollectorsdesiretobecomeprofessionals,yetmanyenjoycollecting.Lastandmostimportant,donotthinkofgivingupasafailure,butasachoice.Yourtimeislimited.Trynewactivities,rediscoverpreviousinterests,andreviseyourambitions.Behonestwithyourselfaboutyourchances,andchoosethegoalsthatbestsuityou.Andrememberthat,whenyougiveupagoal,youdonotfail.Youmakeachoicetofreeupyourtimeforotherpossibilities.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。1．Whatresultmay“selectionbias”bringtopeople？(

)A．Settingself-limit.B．Givingupmoreeasily.C．Misjudgingthesituation.D．Ignoringsuccessfulstories.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Storiesofachievingchildhooddreamsthroughperseverancemightbeuplifting,buttheysufferfrom‘selectionbias’.Putsimply,theyarenotinformative,becausenobodytellsstoriesaboutthemanypeoplewhoperseveredbutfailedafterwastingagoodpartoftheirlives.”可知，“选择偏差”会给人们带来判断错误。故选C。2．Howcanpeoplebenefitfrom“goaldisengagement”？(

)A．Bymotivatingtheirdesireforsuccess.B．Bygainingasenseofself-satisfaction.C．Bytellingeasygoalsfromdifficultgoals.D．Bysavingenergytofocusonpracticalgoals.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，人们通过节省精力专注于实际的目标从“目标脱离”中获益。故选D。3．Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith？(

)A．Acceptingfailurewitheasedoesmakesense.B．Onecanmakeahobbyoutofanunattainablegoal.C．Turntoprofessionalswhenrealizingpersonalgoals.D．Choosingagoalismorechallengingthanrealizingit.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Besides,disengagefromagoalbutkeepsomeoftheeffort.It'scalled‘turningitintoahobby’．”可知，一个人可以把不可能实现的目标变成爱好。故选B。4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？(

)A．IdentityCrisis:BeTruetoYourselfB．GoalsorHobbies:MakeYourChoiceC．NeverSayNever:TheKeytoSuccessD．WinnersDoQuit:BeWiseAboutYourGoals答案：D解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Manypeopleencouragecompetitionandfocusonsuccess.‘Givingup’isfrownedupon...‘Followyourdream!Winnersneverquit！’”以及文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。可知，D选项“成功者懂得放弃：明智地选择你的目标”最符合文章标题。故选D。B(2025·湖北高三调研模拟)Surgeonsoftenemphasizethatintheeventofaheartattack,timeiscrucialforsavingheartmuscle.Theheartreliesonacontinuoussupplyofoxygendeliveredbytheheart'sbloodvessels(血管).Whenthesevesselsbecomeblocked,theoxygensupplystops,andtheheart'smusclecellsbegintodiewithinminutes.Survivorsofheartattacksfrequentlysufferfrompermanentheartfailure,withaworryingstatisticshowingthat50%ofthemmaynotsurvivebeyondfiveyears.“Eventually,theirheartsbecomesoweakthattheycan'tsustainsufficientbloodflow,andtheyultimatelystop，”explainsSanjaySinha,acardiologistatAddenbrooke'sHospitalinCambridge.However,withinthenextfiveyears,therecouldbeanewalternative—togrowlive,beating“heartpatches”(补丁).Sinha,alongwithateamofbiologistsattheUniversityofCambridge'sStemCellInstitute,isworkingonthisinnovativeapproach.Theseheartpatchesaretiny,beatingpiecesofheartmuscle.Theyaregrowninlabdishesoveramonth.Theprocessbeginsbytakingbloodcellsandreprogrammingthemintoaspecifictypeofstemcellcapableofdevelopingintoanycelltypewithinthehumanbody.Sinhaiscurrentlypreparingtotestthesepatches,firstinmiceandtheninpigs.Ifsuccessful,hehopestosetupahumantrialwithinfiveyears.IntheUnitedStates,scientistsfromStanfordUniversityarealsoworkingoncreatingheartpatches.TheyenvisionafutureprocedurewhereultrasoundandMRI(超声波和核磁共振)scansareusedtoidentifydamagedsections.Basedontheshapeofthesection,acustomheartpatchwouldbe3Dprintedtofitperfectly.Surgeonswouldthenopenthechestareaandattachthepatchdirectlytotheheart.Themajorchallengewiththismethodisestablishing“electricalconnectivity”betweenthenewpatchandtheexistinghearttoensuretheybeatinharmony.Additionally,thecostofdevelopingandusingthesepatchesissignificant,whichcouldimpactaccessibility.However,ifthesechallengescanbeovercome,Sinhaisoptimisticthatheartpatchescouldtransformthelivesofmillionsworldwide.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于治疗心脏病的一种新方法——培育“心脏补丁”的研究进展。5．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1？(

)A．Torevealafinding.B．Toofferasolution.C．Topresentaproblem.D．Tooutlinearesearch.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，本段通过数据揭示了当前心脏病治疗后的严峻问题，为后文介绍“心脏补丁”解决方案做铺垫。故选C。6．Whatisthefirststepingrowingheartpatches？(

)A．Launchingaclinicaltrialinhumans.B．Testingtheheartpatchesonanimals.C．Culturingheartpatchesinlabdishes.D．Generatingstemcellsfrombloodcells.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theprocessbeginsbytakingbloodcellsandreprogrammingthemintoaspecifictypeofstemcellcapableofdevelopingintoanycelltypewithinthehumanbody.”可知，培育“心脏补丁”的第一步是从血细胞中生成干细胞。故选D。7．WhatisthepurposeofusingultrasoundandMRIscans？(

)A．Tocreatea3Dmodeloftheheart.B．Tolocatedamagedareasintheheart.C．Todesigntheshapeofthecustomheart.D．Toprovidereal-timeguidanceforoperations.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheyenvisionafutureprocedurewhereultrasoundandMRI(超声波和核磁共振)scansareusedtoidentifydamagedsections.”可知，使用超声波和核磁共振扫描的目的是定位心脏受损部位。故选B。8．Whatisthemajorchallengeinemployingheartpatches？(

)A．Promotingglobalaccessibility.B．Reducingproductioncosts.C．Securingfunctionalintegration.D．Findingasuitablematerial.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Themajorchallengewiththismethodisestablishing‘electricalconnectivity’betweenthenewpatchandtheexistinghearttoensuretheybeatinharmony.”可知，使用心脏补丁的主要挑战是确保补丁与原有心脏的电信号同步，即功能整合。故选C。C(2025·湖南多校联考)Inrecentyears,therehavebeendebatesaboutwhetheranimalshaveconsciousnesslikewehumansdo.Tolookintoit,wemustfirstunderstandwhatconsciousnessactuallymeans.Aconsciousbeingcanbeconsideredtobehavingsubjectiveexperiencesoftheworldanditsownbody.Ifyouarehavingamentalexperience,youareconscious.Wetake“experience”toindicatetheconscioussensationduringstatesofwakefulprocessingofsensoryperception,imageryordreaming.Amotionsensormightbeabletosensetheenvironment,butitisprobablynotawarethatitcoulddoso.Sincenon-humansubjectscannotverballyreporttheirexperiences,thereisverylimitedknowledgeofhowtheirmentalprocessworks.However,byobservinganimalbehaviour,wecanseethattheyreacttotheenvironmenttoo:fight,flight,orcuriosity.Itislogicaltosaythatanimalspossessconsciousnessthewayhumansdo.Accordingtoexperts,consciousnessdepletes(耗费)somethinginthewakingbrain,andwecannotkeepitupindefinitely.Theneedtosleepisthusnotforceduponusbyourenvironment,butbytheneedsofthebrainitself.Ifsleepingservestobringbackthethingthatisdepletedbecauseofourconsciousness,itisreasonabletothinkthatanimalsthathavetosleepareconsciouswhentheyareawake.Besides,animalsalsopossessaspecialemotionthatmanypeoplethinkonlyhumansshow—empathy.Oneecologistwitnessedahumpbackwhalesweepingasealoutofthewaterandontoitsfintokeepitawayfromnearbykillerwhales.Thoughincidentslikethisseemextraordinarytous,animalshaveprobablybeendoingitformillionsofyears.Thestudyofanimalconsciousnesshastremendousimplications.Mustdifferentspeciesbetreateddifferentlydependingontheirdisplayofmoraltraits,theirabilitytoexperienceandshowemotion,andtheirspecificlevelofconsciousness?Mustwehaveabillofanimalrightsinplacethatcanguideusinwhatisproperandlawfulconductinrelationtospecificspecies?Thesearejustsomequestionsresearchersandpolicymakers,withfurtherresearch,willbeabletoaddress.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对意识的定义，以及动物行为、睡眠需求和情感表现等方面的分析，探讨了动物意识的存在及相关影响。9．HowisParagraph2developed？(

)A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Bygivingdefinitions.C．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.D．Bypresentingarguments.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，第二段主要通过对“意识”进行定义来展开，例如解释“有意识的生物”具有主观体验、心理体验等。属于下定义的方式。故选B。10．Whichisaproofofanimalconsciousness？(

)A．Theyarecapableofstayingawakeduringtheday.B．Theyuseaspeciallanguageduringcommunication.C．Theyareabletorespondtothesurroundings.D．Theytendtodependoneachotherforsurvival.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中