热点八　夯五育思想　展全面之能

热点八夯五育思想展全面之能Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2025·河南二十名校联考)Inneighborhoodsacrosstheglobe—eveninAntarctica—itisnotuncommontofindaLittleFreeLibrary,orabook-sharingboxfilledwithacollectionoffreebookstotake,shareandenjoy.IfalocationontheSouthPolewasn'tenough,LittleFreeLibraryiscelebratingamajormilestone:its200，000thbox.Thenonprofitthatmanagesthese200，000minilibrariesworkstoincreaseaccesstoliteracy(识字)inurban,suburban,andruralcommunitiesallovertheworld.Thisincludesprogrammingtoexpandaccesstobooksamongdisadvantagedcommunities.“Wearehonoredtorecognizealltheworkdonebyourglobalnetworkoforganizersandsupporterstoreach200，000LittleFreeLibraries，”saidtheorganization'sexecutivedirectorGreigMetzger.“Workingtogetherlocallyasacommunityconnectedthroughtheselibraries,wehopetomakethisopportunityarealityforall.”TheworldwidenetworkofLittleFreeLibrariescovers128countriesandallsevencontinents.Schoolsreceivingtheselibrariesandbookswereselectedthroughanapplicationprocess,andallstudentsintheschoolsarewelcometotakethebookshomeatnocost.“Manyofourstudentshavenobooksathome,andtransportationbarrierspreventfamiliesfromreachingthepubliclibrary，”saidarepresentativefromparticipatingschoolSomersetLakesAcademyinWestPalmBeach,Florida．“ALittleFreeLibrarywillserveasacrucialbridge,providingongoingaccesstoliteratureforthesestudents,theirparents,andthecommunity.”“Literacyisthegatewaytolearningone'spastandpresent,andshapingthefuture，”saidDr.KennethO.TurnerJr,aschool'sprincipal.“LittleFreeLibraryisopeningthegatewaytoasmanypeopleaspossible.”Anyoneinterestedinjoiningthe“takeabook,leaveabook”movementofLittleFreeLibrarycanbuildorbuytheirownboxandregisteritonlinetobepartoftheofficialnetwork.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是“小小免费图书馆”在全球的推广及其在促进识字和阅读方面的重要作用。1．WhatdoesParagraph1suggestaboutthebook-sharingboxes？(

)A．They'reuniversal.B．They'reexpensive.C．They'rewell-maintained.D．They'reAntarctic-centered.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inneighborhoodsacrosstheglobe—eveninAntarctica—itisnotuncommontofindaLittleFreeLibrary,orabook-sharingboxfilledwithacollectionoffreebookstotake,shareandenjoy.”可知，图书共享箱在全球很普遍。故选A。2．WhydoesLittleFreeLibrarymanagetheseminilibraries？(

)A．Tomakeprofitsfrombooksales.B．Toboostliteracyacrosstheworld.C．Toassistlocalschoolsinself-reform.D．Toreplacetraditionalpubliclibraries.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thenonprofitthatmanagesthese200，000minilibrariesworkstoincreaseaccesstoliteracy(识字)inurban,suburban,andruralcommunitiesallovertheworld.”可知，小型免费图书馆管理这些微型图书馆是为了在全世界提高识字率。故选B。3．WhatcanbeknownaboutSomersetLakesAcademy'srepresentativeandDr.Kenneth？(

)A．Theyspeakhighlyofthenonprofit.B．Theyhavelargecollectionsofbooks.C．Theyhavedifficultyaccessinglibraries.D．Theyfailedtounlockstudents'possibilities.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“‘ALittleFreeLibrarywillserveasacrucialbridge,providingongoingaccesstoliteratureforthesestudents,theirparents,andthecommunity.’”以及第六段中“‘LittleFreeLibraryisopeningthegatewaytoasmanypeopleaspossible.’”可推知，SomersetLakesAcademy的代表和Dr.Kenneth都对小型免费图书馆这个非营利组织评价很高。故选A。4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph？(

)A．Callformorecomments.B．Praisethemovement.C．Encourageparticipation.D．Explaintheapplicationprocess.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyoneinterestedinjoiningthe‘takeabook,leaveabook’movementofLittleFreeLibrarycanbuildorbuytheirownboxandregisteritonlinetobepartoftheofficialnetwork.”可推知，作者在最后一段的意图是鼓励人们参与小型免费图书馆的活动。故选C。B(2025·厦门高中毕业班第三次质量检测)Theabilitytoconnectaneventwithitsconsequences—expertsusethetermassociativelearning—isacrucialskillforadaptingtotheenvironment.Recentfindingsshowthatadultsfailtodemonstratethehighestlearningperformanceinthisarea．Thispavesthewayforafreshperspectiveonassociativelearningdisorders,whicharelinkedtothedevelopmentofmentalillnesslaterinlife.ResearchersfromRuhrUniversityBochumconductedgroundbreakingexperimentsacrossfouragegroups:babies(0－3),primaryschoolchildren(6－12),teenagers(13－19),andadults.Participantswererequiredtoidentifypatternsbetweenvisualpicturesandcorrespondingrewardsthroughcomputer-basedtasks.Severallearningsessionswerethenintegratedtoassessperformancestability.Theresearchteamwasamazedbytheresults:“We'dinitiallyassumedthatassociativelearningimprovescontinuouslywithincreasingage，”saysDr.CarolinKonrad.However,therewasaclearpeakinperformanceatprimaryschool:“Childrenatthisageachievedthebestresults,learnedmostconsistentlyandshowedtheleastvariabilityintheirlearningbehavior.”Althoughadultsandteenagerslearnedfasterthanbabies,theydidn'treachtheperformancelevelofprimaryschoolchildren.Italsoemergedthatrepeatedexposuretothelearnedmaterialplaysacrucialroleforbabiesandteenagerssinceanadditionallearningsessionledtoanimprovementinlearningperformanceintheseagegroups.Teenagersimproved40%afteradditionalpracticesessions,whereasadultsshowedminimalprogress.Thisfindinghighlightsthe“sensitiveperiod”phenomenon—thebrain'shigherplasticityduringchildhoodthatallowsmoreefficientknowledgeacquisition.Thestudyshowsthatassociativelearningispresentacrossthelifespanbutthattheratesandquantitiesoflearningvary.“Thismentalcapacitynotonlyhelpsusavoiddangersbutalsoinfluencesemotionalregulationpatterns，”concludesKonrad.“Earlyidentificationofassociativelearningdifficultiescouldserveasanindicatorforfuturementalhealthrisks.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差异，以及儿童期学习的高效性对心理健康的影响。5．Whichisanexampleofassociativelearning？(

)A．Ababygraspsanobjectplacedinitshand.B．Astudentworksharderaftergettinggoodgrades.C．Adriverkeepsspeedingupwhenreceivingaticket.D．Acookfollowshisrecipedespitecustomercomplaints.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theabilitytoconnectaneventwithitsconsequences—expertsusethetermassociativelearning—isacrucialskillforadaptingtotheenvironment.”

可知，联想学习是指将事件与其结果联系起来的能力，B选项中“学生因为取得好成绩而更加努力学习”符合这一定义，因为它体现了事件(取得好成绩)与结果(更加努力学习)之间的关联。故选B。6．Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointheexperiments？(

)A．Identifytherelationshipbetweendifferentgroups.B．Watchandrecordtheirownperformanceovertime.C．Assesstheirlearningprogressduringthesessions.D．Pairpictureswithrewardsthroughcomputer-basedtasks.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participantswererequiredtoidentifypatternsbetweenvisualpicturesandcorrespondingrewardsthroughcomputer-basedtasks.”

可知，参与者需要通过计算机任务将图片与奖励配对。故选D。7．Whatsurprisedtheresearchersaboutassociativelearning？(

)A．Adultspossessedgreateradaptability.B．Primaryschoolersoutperformedothers.C．Teenagerspeakedinlearningperformance.D.Babiesrequiredfrequentexposuretoknowledge.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，研究人员惊讶地发现，小学生阶段的孩子取得了最佳成绩，学习最稳定，学习行为的差异性最小。由此可知，小学生在联想学习中的表现优于其他年龄段的人群。故选B。8．Whyisthe“sensitiveperiod”phenomenonmentionedinParagraph4？(

)A．Toshowlearningabilitydifferencesacrossallages.B．Toadviseadultstolearnefficientlyinagradualway.C．Tostressthesignificanceoflearningduringchildhood.D．Todemonstratethebrain'sabilitytoadaptinadulthood.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thisfindinghighlightsthe‘sensitiveperiod’phenomenon—thebrain'shigherplasticityduringchildhoodthatallowsmoreefficientknowledgeacquisition.”可知，儿童时期大脑的高可塑性使知识学习更高效。由此可知，第四段中提到“敏感期”是为了强调儿童时期学习的重要意义。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)(2025·江西联合检测)Ididn'tgrowupasanathletickid.Inelementaryschool,mymommademe__1__soccerandbasketballteams.ButI'drather__2__myheadinabook.Thesefeelingscontinuedinearlyadulthood.Ididn'tworkout__3__foryears.WhenIdid,Ididn'tfindany__4__init.AsIgotolder,itchanged.Istartedtakinggroupfitnessclasses,__5__differenttypesofworkouts.Istartedliftingweights,andfeltthrilledinmy__6__toliftafewmorepounds.Runningcamelater.Istartedalone,andthenjoinedalocalrunninggroup.Thepeoplemadethe__7__flyby,andIlovedit.Myown__8__gotmethinkingaboutthefactthatyoucanfindyourwaytofitnessatany__9__.Overthepastmonth,I'vespentalotoftimewithactiveolderpeoplelearningaboutthe__10__they'vefoundinexercise.I'vealsotalkedtoexpertswhosefocuswas__11__onfitnessfortheold.Aswe'veinterviewedourolderathletesover50abouttheirfitnessjourneys,theircommoncommentisthatexercisecancreateand__12__socialties.AtamallinAnnapolis,Snyderandtwoofherfriends,bothintheir70s,areinawalkinggroup.Whentheymissseeingfellowrunnersontheir__13__route,theyarequicktocheckinandensureeveryoneisOK.Shecalledthewalkingcommunityabig__14__family.Actually,shehasbeendoingthewalkingfor20years.Sheandtheotherwomentoldusitwasthewalkingcommunity__15__fortheoldthatkeepsthemgoing.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小不喜欢锻炼，没有从中找到任何乐趣。随着成长，作者开始参加团体健身课程，探索不同类型的锻炼。也开始反思一些关于锻炼的事实。1．(

)A．watchoutforB．reachoutforC．makeupforD．signupfor答案：D解析：根据后文“soccerandbasketballteams”可知，指母亲让作者报名参加足球队和篮球队。故选D。2．(

)A．strikeB．slideC．stick

D．swing答案：C解析：根据后文“myheadinabook”以及上文“Ididn'tgrowupasanathletickid.(我不是一个喜欢运动的孩子。)”可知，作者不喜欢运动，宁愿埋头看书。故选C。3．(

)A．clearlyB．voluntarilyC．directlyD．quickly答案：B解析：根据上文“Ididn'tgrowupasanathletickid.(我不是一个喜欢运动的孩子。)”可知，作者不喜欢运动，不会自愿去锻炼。故选B。4．(

)A．consequenceB．functionC．courageD．joy答案：D解析：根据上文“WhenIdid,Ididn'tfindany”以及后文作者长大后才开始运动，说明一开始没有找到乐趣。故选D。5．(

)A．exploringB．overcomingC．skippingD．attaching答案：A解析：根据后文“differenttypesofworkouts”可知，指作者探索不同类型的锻炼。故选A。6．(

)A．requestB．luckC．abilityD．approach答案：C解析：根据后文“toliftafewmorepounds”可知，指再举起几磅的能力。故选C。7．(

)A．gaps

B．milesC．conversationsD．differences答案：B解析：根据上文“Runningcamelater.Istartedalone,andthenjoinedalocalrunninggroup.”可知，作者开始参加跑步，所以此处指跑步的英里数。故选B。8．(

)A．return

B．failureC．journeyD．occasion答案：C解析：根据后文“gotmethinkingaboutthefactthatyoucanfindyourwaytofitness”以及上文讲述了作者自己的锻炼经历，所以是这些锻炼历程让作者开始反思。故选C。9．(

)A．costB．distanceC．schoolD．age答案：