北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语（含答案）

北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语一、完形填空TheViewfromtheSlowLaneAswepulledintothedriveway,Inoticedthatsomethingseemeddifferentaboutmymom.Shewasfacingawayfromme,hershouldersdroppedandherhandsrelaxed.Iparkedthecarandsheturnedtowardme.“Okay,we’rehome,”Isaid,___1____thatnowwashertimetogetoutandletmebeonmyown.Shesniffedandbrushedherhairbehindherearstorevealherbloodshoteyesandmoistcheeks.Shehadbeencrying.“Mom!”Iwhined(嘟囔着说),surprisedbythetearsrunningdownherface.“Whyareyoucrying?”Iasked.___2____,Ialreadyknewtheanswer.Ihadjustgotmylicense,whichI’dbeenlookingforwardtoformonths.Iwasfree—abletodrivemyselfwhereIneededtogo.ButnowthatIhaditinmypocket,Isuddenlyfelt___3____.Ihadbeensoquicktogrowup,completelyignoringtheemotionsthatmymommustbeexperiencingwithherfirstsonnearingadulthood.“Mybabyboyisgrowinguptoofast,”she___4____tosaybetweendeepbreaths.Myheartached.Ihatedtoseemymomcry,andIhatedmorethatIhadbeensoignoranttowardherfeelings.Ihadbeencountingdownthedays,___5____waitingtoenterthenextstageofmylife,whileshecounteddownwithfearandheartache.The___6____andfreedomIhadpreviouslyfeltweregone,replacedbyanoddsenseofmourning.Wehugged.Thenshelookedmeintheeyeandtoldmetodrivecarefully.“OfcourseIwill,”Ireassuredher.Sheunbuckledherseatbelt,openedthedoor,andsteppedout.Iwavedgoodbyeandpulledoutofthedriveway.Ihadbeenso___7____tostartspeedingandskirtingaroundcornersthatI’dforgottenjusthowbeautifultherideis.NowIcruised(漫游)downthepeacefultwo-laneroad,enjoyingthesights,sounds,andsmellsofthenaturethatsurroundsme.AtthatmomentImadeapromisetomyself,apromisetotakethings___8____andtonever,ever,catchmyselfspeedingagain.LifehadpassedmebywhileIlivedmydaysinfastforward,ignorantlywishingfortomorrowand___9____tonoticeallthebeautifulthingsalongtheway.Friendships,victories,heartbreaks—havespedbymebecauseIwastoobusylookingtowardthefuture.Itseemslifealsohasitsownspeedlimit,andifyoufindyourselfgoingtoofast,yourisk___10___themomentsthatmakeitsospecial.1. A.fearing B.implying C.remembering D.considering2. A.incase B.nowthat C.asthough D.eventhough3. A.guilty B.anxious C.annoyed D.disappointed4. A.tried B.managed C.intended D.hesitated5. A.unwillingly B.impatiently C.nervously D.thankfully6. A.luck B.honor C.delight D.gratitude7. A.afraid B.confident C.surprised D.excited8. A.easy B.slow C.wrong D.personal9. A.trying B.failing C.refusing D.pretending10. A.wasting B.losing C.missing D.deleting二、语法填空ZhangTiangraduatedfromuniversityandgotateacher’scertificatelastyear.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhewouldgotoabigcitytofindateachingjob.Likewise,hisfriendsall___11___(leave)hishometownforworkinShanghaiorBeijing.ZhangTianfeltdifferently,however.Hewantedtostartanewlifestyle.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhe___12___(inspire)bythemtogoandteach___13___hewasneededthemost.Forthatreasonheappliedandbecameavolunteerteacherinavillageschool.___14___(bring)withhimlotsofbooks,clothes,andtwopairsoftrainers,ZhangTiantravelledtothevillagewithaneagerheart.Heimaginedallsortsofexcitingthingsaboutliving___15___(dependent)andteachinginavillage.Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,___16___madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.Guesswhat?Paulwasonly1.6metrestall,too!Paulknewthatbeingshorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopractisemore.Duringallthosehoursofdoingjumpshotsonhisown,heusedBoguesashis___17___(inspire).Pauloncesaid,“IfBoguescouldmakeit,whynotme?”Ourcoachwasnotsosure.Paulhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,whichwasreallytoughonhim.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskills,andwassomeone___18___workedreallyhardandhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.However,Pauldidn’tgetachance.Thisweek,TheLionswereplayingourmain___19___(compete),TheBears,ateam___20___recordthisseasonhadbeenperfect.Theyhadn’tlostasinglegame.Itwouldbeatoughone.Pauldidn’tknowhe’dsoongetthechancethathe’dbeenwaitingfor.三、阅读理解AThisTinyBoxWillHelpYouRelaxInTerribleSummerHeat!TraditionalAirConditioners(AC)areoutdated.Theycostalottoinstallandevenmoretorun.Theyarehuge,noisy,anddangeroustoclean.Youcan’tmovethemaroundthehousewithyouortakethemoutside!Thousandsofpeoplearenowusingamuchcheaperalternativetocoolthemselvesintheheatandcleantheirpersonalair.Withoveramillionunitssoldworldwide,thisdeviceisbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulgadgetsof2024.EVERYONEwantsthisawesomelookingboxforsummer!WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?MeetthenewAirFreez,aninnovativealternativetoACthatcoolsyoujustthesame!It’saperfectsolutionforthoseveryhotdaysandnights!TheAirFreezwasdesignedbytwoSwissengineerswhowerefedupwithsufferinghotsummers.TheyrealizedthatnoneofthetraditionalACunitsweremadetotravelwithus.So,theydesignedthislight-weight,portableAirCoolingbox.ItusesaverysmallamountofelectricityandallwithoutsacrificinganyofthemainbenefitsofatopACmodel!It’stiny,easytouseanditcancoolyouinseconds!WhatIsSoSpecialAboutThisLittleBox?ThemainbenefitsofAirFreezareitsportabilityandprice.Itisnolargerthanalunchbox.Besides,itcanbepoweredbyapocketsolarpanelorbatterypackandyouprobablyhavetheworld’smostportableACunit.ANDThereIsOneMoreThing.Thepriceisjustamazing.MostACunitscostatleast$300+ANDyouhavetopayforinstallationPLUScovertheexpensiveelectricitybillseachmonth.AirFreezcostslessthan$100(Actually$53foreachifyoubuymorethanonehere).Nomessyinstallation,noexpensiveelectricitybills.ForaCoolingunitofthisquality,thismustbethesinglebestprice-qualityACunitthereis!HowCanYouGetAnAirFreez?Nowthatyouareawareofthisamazingnewinvention,hereishowtogetone—orderitfromtheOfficialWebsiteforBESTPRICE.21.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAirFreez?A.Smartbutfragile. B.Costlybutmulti-functional.C.Lightbutenergy-saving. D.Hardyandenergy-saving.22.WhatcanwelearnaboutAirFreez?A.Itcostslessthan$53. B.Itrequiresnocomplexinstallation.C.Itdoesn’tconsumeelectricity. D.Itisalittlelargerthanalunchbox.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.ToadvertiseAirFreez. B.ToexplainthefunctionsofAirFreez.C.TointroducetheinventorsofAirFreez. D.TocompareAirFreezwithtraditionalAC.BIgotmarriedjustafterIgraduatedfromcollegeandfoundajobtosupportourfamilyatthenearbyMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).ItwasinthelaboratoryofProf.EdwardLorenzthatIlearnedwhatacomputerwasandhowtodevelopsoftware.Onedaymyhusbandsawanewspaperadvertisement.TheMITInstrumentationLaboratorywaslookingforpeopletodevelopsoftwareto“sendmantothemoon”.Deeplyattractedbothbytheideaandthefactthatithadneverbeendonebefore,Ibecamethefirstprogrammertojoinandthefirstwomanthelabhired.Atthebeginning,nobodythoughtsoftwarewassuchabigdeal.Butthentheybegantorealizehowmuchtheywererelyingonit.Oursoftwareneededtobeveryreliableandabletodetectanerrorandrecoverfromitatanytimeduringthemission.Mydaughter,Lauren,likedtoimitateme—playingastronaut.Oneday,shewaswithmewhenIwasdoingasimulation(模拟)ofamissiontothemoon.Shestartedhittingkeysandallofasudden,sheselectedaprogramwhichwassupposedtoberunbeforelaunch.Thecomputerhadsolittlespacethatitwipedthenavigationdatatakinghertothemoon.Ithought:myGod—thiscouldhappenbyaccidentinarealmission.Isuggestedaprogramchangetopreventaprelaunchprogrambeingselectedduringflight.Butthehigher-upsatMITandNASAsaidtheastronautsweretoowelltrainedtomakesuchamistake.Ontheverynextmission,Apollo8,oneoftheastronautsonboardaccidentallydidexactlywhatLaurenhaddone!TheLaurenbug!Itcreateddestructionandrequiredthemissiontoberearranged.Afterthat,theyletmeputtheprogramchangein.ItwastheprogramchangethathadacrucialinfluenceonthesuccessofthemissionofApollo11.DuringtheearlydaysofApollo,softwarewasnottakenasseriouslyasotherengineeringdisciplines(学科).ItwasoutofdesperationIcameupwiththeterm“softwareengineering”.Thenonedayinameeting,oneofthemostrespectedhardwareexpertsexplainedtoeveryonethatheagreedwithmethattheprocessofbuildingsoftwareshouldalsobeconsideredanengineeringdiscipline,justlikewithhardware.Itwasamemorablemoment.24.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.ShetaughtLaurentowritesoftware. B.Shegothermaster’sdegreefromMIT.C.SheisthefirstwomaneverhiredbyMIT. D.Shecreatedtheterm“softwareengineering”.25.WhatgreatlycontributedtoApollo11’ssuccessaccordingtothepassage?A.Thein-timeuploadofdata. B.Theprogramchange.C.Astronauts’richexperience. D.Experts'newattitude.26.WhatcanwelearnfromMargaret’sstory?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy. B.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.C.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. D.Smallthingscanmakeabigdifference.CFromlinguists’pointofview,grammarisasetofpatternsforhowwordsareputtogethertoformphrasesorclauses,whetherinspokenorwritten.Differentlanguageshavedifferentpatterns.Somescholarshavetriedtoidentifypatternscommontoalllanguages.Butapartfromsomebasicfeatures,fewoftheseso-calledlinguisticuniversalshavebeenfound.Thestudyofthesepatternsopensup“anongoingdebate”betweentwopositions,knownasprescriptivismanddescriptivism.Formuchofhistory,thevastmajorityoflanguagewasspoken.Butaspeoplebecamemoreinterconnected,writinggainedimportance.Writtenlanguagewasstandardizedtoallowbroadercommunicationandensurethatpeopleindifferentpartsaroundcouldunderstandeachother.Languagepuristsworkedtoestablishandpromotethisstandardbydetailingasetofrulesthatreflectedtheestablishedgrammaroftheirtimes.Andrulesforwrittengrammarwereappliedtospokenlanguageaswell.Speechpatternsthatdeviatedfromthewrittenruleswereconsideredsignsoflowsocialstatus.Andmanypeoplewhoaregrown-upsspeakinginthesewayswereforcedtoadoptthestandardizedform.Morerecently,however,linguistshaveunderstoodthatspeechisaseparatephenomenonfromwritingwithitsownregularitiesandpatterns.Mostofuslearntospeakatsuchanearlyagethatwedon’tevenrememberit.Weformourspokenskillsthroughunconscioushabits,notmemorizedrules.Andbecausespeechalsousesmoodandintonationformeaning,itsstructureisoftenmoreflexible,adaptingtotheneedsofspeakersandlisteners.Thiscouldmeanavoidingcomplexclausesthatarehardtounderstandinrealtime,makingchangestoavoidawkwardpronunciationorremovingsoundstomakespeechfaster.Thislinguisticapproachthattriestounderstandandmapsuchdifferenceswithoutdictatingcorrectonesisknownasdescriptivism.Ratherthandecidinghowlanguageshouldbeused,itdescribeshowpeopleactuallyuseitandtrackstheinnovationtheycomeupwithintheprocess.Butwhilethedebatebetweenprescriptivismanddescriptivismcontinues,thetwoarenotmutuallyexclusive.Atitsbest,prescriptivismisusefulforinformingpeopleaboutthemostcommonestablishedpatternsatagivenpointintime.Ultimately,grammarisbestconsideredasasetoflinguistichabitsthatareconstantlybeingnegotiatedandreinventedbytheentiregroupoflanguageusers.Likelanguageitself,it’sawonderfulandcomplexfabricwoventhroughthecontributionsofspeakersandlisteners,writersandreaders,prescriptivistsanddescriptivistsfrombothnearandfar.27.Theunderlinedword“deviated”inparagraph3probablymeans________.A.copied B.updated C.differed D.originated28.Accordingtothepassage,prescriptivism________.A.focusesonestablishedlanguagepatterns B.acceptsthedifferencesbetweenlanguagesC.followstheinnovationsinlanguagepatterns D.attachesmoreimportancetowrittenlanguage29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Anewunderstandingofgrammar. B.Theongoingdebatebetweenlinguists.C.Theimpactofgrammaronlanguage. D.Thehistoryofgrammar.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Grammar:RulesorHabits. B.TheBeliefheldbyprescriptivists.C.Grammar:RulesofGrammar. D.Grammar:WritingRules.DIfyoulookacrosstheentirelifespan,whatyouseeisanaverageincreaseindesirablepersonalitytraits（特点）.Psychologistscallthisthe“maturityprinciple”andit’scomfortingtoknowthat,assumingyourpersonalityfollowsatypicalcourse,thentheolderyouget,thematureryouwillbecome.However,it’snotsuchgoodnewsforyoungadolescents,becauseatthispoint,somethingknownasthe“disruptionhypothesis”kicksin.ConsiderastudyofDutchteenagerswhocompletedpersonalitytestseachyearforsixorsevenyearsfrom2005.Theboysshowedatemporarydipinconscientiousness—orderlinessandself-discilplineinearlyadolescence,andthegirlsshowedatemporaryincreaseinneuroticism—emotionalinstability.Thisseemstobackupsomeofthestereotypeswehaveofmessyteenbedroomsandmoodswings.Thankfully,thisdeclineinpersonalityisshort-lived,withtheDutchdatashowingthattheteenagers’previouspositivetraitsrebound（反弹）inlateradolescence.Bothparentsandtheirteenagechildrenagreethatchangesoccur,butsurprisingly,theperceivedchangecandependonwhoismeasuring,accordingtoa2017studyofover2,700Germanteenagers.Theyratedtheirownpersonalitiestwice,atage11andage14,andtheirparentsalsoratedtheirpersonalitiesatthesetimes.Somedifferencesemerged:forinstance,whiletheteenagersratedthemselvesasdeclininginagreeability,theirparentssawthisdeclineasmuchshaper.Also,theteenssawthemselvesasincreasinglyextroverted（外向的）,buttheirparentssawthemasincreasinglyintroverted.Thismismatchcanperhapsbeexplainedbythebigchangesunderwayintheparent-childrelationshipbroughtonbyteenagers’growingdesireforautonomyandprivacy.Theresearcherspointoutthatparentsandteensmightalsobeusingdifferentreferencepoints—parentsaremeasuringtheirteenagers’traitsagainstatypicaladult,whiletheteenagersarecomparingtheirowntraitsagainstthosedisplayedbytheirpeers.Thisisinlinewithseveralfurtherstudies,whichalsorevealapatternofatemporaryreductioninadvantageoustraitsinearlyadolescence.Thegeneralpictureoftheteenageyearsasatemporarypersonality“disruption”thereforeseemsaccurate.Infact,we’reonlyjustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexmixofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsthatcontributetoindividualpatternsofpersonalitychange.Studiesalsooffersomecluesforhowwemightcreatemorenurturingenvironmentsforteenagerstoaidtheirpersonalitydevelopment.Thisisanapproachworthpushingfurthergiventhatteenagepersonalitytraitsarepredictiveofexperiencesinlaterlife.Forinstance,oneBritishstudyofover4,000teenagersshowedthatthosewhoscoreslowerinconscientiousnessweretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedlaterinlife,incomparisonwiththosewhoscoredhigher.Peoplefocussomuchonteachingteenagersfactsandgettingthemtopassexams,butperhapstheyoughttopayatleastasmuchattentiontohelpingnurturetheirpersonalities.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeanexampleof“disruptionhypothesis”?A.Akindergartenkidcriesoveratoy. B.Aboyinhighschoolcleanshisownroom.C.Ateenagegirlfeelssadforunknownreason. D.Acollegegraduatefeelsstressedoutbywork.32.AccordingtothestudyofGermanteenagers________.A.parentgivetheirteenstoomuchautomonyandprivacyB.teensaremoreoptimisticabouttheirpersonalitychangesC.teensandparentshavethesamepersonalityratingstandardD.parentsandteenscanlateragreeonteens’personalitydecline33.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat________.A.teensshouldpaylessattentiontotheirscoresinexamsB.developingteens’personalityhasalong-termeffectintheirlifeC.people’ssuccessinlaterlifedependsonteenagepersonalitytraitsD.environmentalfactorsoutweighgeneticonesforpersonalitychange34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspresentteenagerpersonalityeducation?A.Dissatisfied. B.Approving. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.E七选五PlayHelpsDevelopBigger,BetterBrains!Playingisaseriousbusiness.Childrenabsorbedinamake-believeworld,babyfoxesplay-fightingorkittensteasingaballofstringaren’tjusthavingfun.Playmaylooklikeacarefreewaytopassthetimebeforethehardworkofadulthoodcomesalong,butthere’smuchmoretoit.Ifplayisnotsimplyawaytohavefun,forwhatotherreasonshasitdeveloped?___35___Earlierthisyear,SergioPellisofLethbridgeUniversity,Canada,reportedthatthereisastrongpositivelinkbetweenbrainsizeandplayfulnessamongmammalsingeneral.___36___Theoppositewasalsofoundtobetrue.AccordingtoJohnByersofIdahoUniversity,thetimingoftheplayfulstageinyounganimalsprovidesanimportantcluetowhat’sgoingon.Ifyouplottheamountoftimeachilddevotestoplayeachdayoverthecourseofitsdevelopment,youdiscoverapatterntypicallyassociatedwitha“sensitiveperiod”—abriefdevelopmentwindowduringwhichthebraincanactuallybeadjustedinwaysthatarenotpossibleearlierorlaterinlife.___37___“Peoplehavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay,”saysMareBekofffromColoradoUniversity.Bekoffstudiedcoyotepupsatplayandfoundthatthekindofbehaviorinvolvedwasobviouslymorevariableandunpredictablethanthatofadults.Healsoreasonsthatsuchbehavioractivatesmanydifferentpartsofthebrain.___38___“There’senormouscognitiveinvolvementinplay,”saysBekoff.Hepointsoutthatplayofteninvolvescomplexassessmentsofplaymatesandtheuseofspecializedsignalsandrules.Hebelievesthatplaycreatesabrainthathasgreaterbehavioralflexibilityandimprovedpotentialforlearninglaterinlife.___39___A.Playjustlightseverythingup.B.Theimportanceofplayfulnessisdrawingmoreattention.C.Thelatestideasuggeststhatplayhasdevelopedtobuildbigbrains.D.Apopularexplanationisthatithelpschildrendeveloptheskillstheywilllaterneed.E.Thinkoftherelativeeasewithwhichkids—butnotbabiesoradults—absorblanguage.F.Notonlyismoreofthebraininvolvedinplay,butitalsoactivateshighercognitiveprocesses.G.Comparingfifteenordersofmammal,histeamfoundlargerbrainsarelinkedtogreaterplayfulness.F阅读表达TipsforDealingwithSeasonalAffectiveDisorderSeasonalaffectivedisorder(SAD)isatypeofdepressionthatsetsinorstartsinthewinter.Unlikeothertypesofdepression,itmayimproveasspringcomeson.Itisoftenaperiodicoccurringdisorder-you’llfeeldepressedeverywinterandbegintofeelbettereachspring.SADdepressioniscausedbyloweredlevelsofserotonin(血清素),themood-affectingbrainchemicalthatiscausedbyseasonalchangesindaylight.Shorterdaysmayalsodisruptthebody’sbiologicalclock,whichupsetsthebalanceofmelatonin(褪黑激素),thehormonewhichregulatesmoodandsleeppatterns.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisfarmorecommoninnorthernclimates,wheredayscanbeveryshortinwinter.SADaffectsmorewomenthanmenandismorelikelytooccurinpeopleunderage___40___thanthoseolderthanthat.Althoughanyamountofoutdoorlightcanhelpraiseserotoninlevels,gettinglightinthemorningseemstoofferthemostbenefit.Iftheweatherpermits,takeawalk.Inyourhomeoroffice,trysittingclosetoawindowthatfacessouth.Replacinglightbulbsinyourhomewithfullspectrumlightbulbscanhelpbecausetheygiveoutlightsimilartosunlight.StudieshaveshownthatincreasingyourexerciseroutinecancounteractSAD.Exerciseraiseslevelsofserotonin.Moderateexercise,whichmeansneithertoomuchnortoolittleexercise,suchaswalking,ridingastationarybikeorswimmingisagreatwaytogetstarted.Butanyactivitiesthatraiseyourheartrate,includingdailychores,canhelp,especiallyifyoucandothemoutdoorsornearasunnywindow.Yoga,joggingandTaichicanallhelpliftyourmood.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatisSAD?_____________________________________________________________________________41.WhoaremorelikelytosufferfromSAD?_____________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichofthefollowingstatementisfalse,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▶IncreasingexerciseroutinecanfightagainstSAD,andpeopleshoulddoalargeamountofexercisetogetstarted._____________________________________________________________________