新编MBA英语综合教程（第二版）课件 Unit 3 Human Resource Management、Unit 4 Business Communication

Unit

ThreeHumanResourceManagementLead-inemployeecompensationandbenefits员工薪酬福利optimize[ˈɒptɪmaɪz]v.

使最优化,优先处置mandate[ˈmændeɪt]n.授权;命令;委任ever-increasinga.不断增长的mission[ˈmɪʃn]n.使命，任务retain[rɪˈteɪn]v.保持;留在心中，记住align…with使……结盟consign[kənˈsaɪn]v.委托，托付rungs['rʌŋz]n.职位的高层hierarchy[ˈhaɪərɑ:ki]n.层次;等级制度replenish[rɪˈplenɪʃ]v.补充legitimately[lɪ'dʒɪtɪmətli]adv.正当地，合理地scratchingout淘汰，排除掉livelihoods['laɪvlɪhʊdz]n.生计，谋生之道discriminate[dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt]v.区别;辨出B.Trytoanswerthefollowingquestionsabouthumanresourcemanagementbriefly.1.Whatis“humanresourcemanagement”?2.WhatarethemajorresponsibilitiesofaHRmanager?Key:

HumanResourceManagement(HRM)isthetermusedtodescribeformalsystemsdevisedforthemanagementofpeoplewithinanorganization.

Key:Theresponsibilitiesofahumanresourcemanagerfallintothreemajorareas:staffing,employeecompensationandbenefits,anddefining/designatingwork.3.Whatarethethreebasicchallengesforhumanresources?4.WhysmallbusinessesstarttorecognizetheimportanceofHRM?

5.HowimportantisHRMtoanorganizationaccordingtothepassage?Key:Thebasicmissionofhumanresourceswillalwaysbetoacquire,develop,andretaintalent;aligntheworkforcewiththebusiness;andbeanexcellentcontributortothebusiness.Key:Likelargecorporations,theytoofacepersonnelmanagementissuesthatcanhaveadecisiveimpactonbusinesshealth.Key:HRMofacompanycanoftenmeanthedifferencebetweenscratchingoutthebarestoflivelihoodsandsteadybusinessgrowth.IntensiveReading

PerformanceManagementEvolvesStart-upquestion▶Annualappraisalisfallingoutoffavorascompaniesopenlinesofcommunicationandprovideregularfeedbackandcoachingtoworkers.Whatdoyouthinkaboutitsfuturedevelopment?▶Howdoyouthinkitwillevolvesothatitcanbemorefunctional?

evolve[ɪˈvɒlv]v.（使）逐步发展；（使）逐步演变；（使）逐渐形成；（使）进化Thecompanyhasevolvedovertheyearsintoamulti-milliondollarorganization.该公司在数年内逐步发展成为一个拥有数百万美元资产的大企业。

transparent[trænˈsperənt]a.透明的Wearecommittedtobeingtotallytransparentaboutourcharges.我们致力于让收费完全透明。

feedback[ˈfiːdbæk]n.反馈信息，反馈意见

Haveyouhadanyfeedbackfromcustomersaboutthenewsoap?有关新款肥皂你有没有收到顾客的反馈意见？

assessment[əˈsesmənt]n.评估；估价；核定

Boththeirassessmentsofproductioncostswerehopelesslyinaccurate.他们两者对生产成本所作的估算都非常不准确。

reflective[rɪˈflektɪv]a.体现状态（或本质）的

Everythingyoudoorsayisreflectiveofyourpersonality.你的一言一行都体现你的个性。

engagement[ɪnˑɡeɪdʒmənt]n.敬业度；投入度Ahighlevelofbelongingcontributestoincreasedengagementatwork.归属感强会让人更投入工作。

specialize[ˈspeʃəlaɪz]v.专营,专门研究Ireservedatableforfourinarestaurantthatspecializesinseafood我在一家专营海鲜的餐馆订了张四人桌。

subjective[səbˈdʒektɪv]a.主观的Morespecificandlesssubjectivecriteriashouldbeusedinselectingpeopleforpromotionwithinthecompany.公司内部决定升职人选时，需要借助更具体、更客观的标准。

misalignment[ˌmɪsəˈlaɪnmənt]n.错位，未校准ThatmisalignmentbetweentheCEOandtheboardisunhealthy.执行总裁和董事会之间的那种错位不健康。

align[əˈlaɪn]v.（使）对准，（使）一致Domesticpriceshavebeenalignedwiththoseinworldmarkets.国内价格已调整到与世界市场一致。

accessible[əkˈsesəbəl]a.可进入的，可接近的；可得到的Amanagershouldbeaccessibletohisstaff.一个管理人员应该让职员感到平易近人。

expertise[ˌekspɜːˑtiːz]n.专门技能（知识）;专长Hehastheexpertiseinthemanagementofhotels.他有酒店管理知识。iterative[ˈɪtərətɪv]a.（通常为了改进）重复的，反复的Thenewrestaurantfinalizedtheirmenuafterayearofdinerfeedbackanditerativeimprovements.经过一年的食客反馈和反复改进，这家新餐厅最终确定了他们的菜单。

mirror[ˈmɪrɚ]v.反映Ournewspaperaimstomirrortheopinionsofordinarypeople.我们的报纸旨在反映普通民众的意见。

equivalent[ɪˈkwɪvələnt]a.等值的；相等的；等同的She'sdoingtheequivalentjobinthenewcompanybutformoremoney.她在新公司做同样的工作，但薪水比以前高。

agile[ˑædʒaɪl]a.（工作中）见机行事的，反应快速的Youmightsometimesneedanagilenegotiator.有时你需要一个随机应变的谈判代表。

accelerate[əkˈseləreɪt]v.(使）加快，（使）增速；促进；提前，（促使）早日发生Inflationislikelytoacceleratethisyear,addingfurtherupwardpressureoninterestrates.今年通货膨胀可能会加剧，迫使利率持续走高。

attribute[ˈætrɪbjuːt]n.特性；特质；属性Organizationalabilityisanessentialattributeforagoodmanager.组织能力是一个优秀经理必备的素质。

acumen[əˈkjuːmən]n.敏锐；精明Shehasconsiderablebusiness/financialacumen.她在商业／金融方面相当敏锐。

relish[ˈrelɪʃ]v.享受;喜欢Ialwaysrelishachallenge.我一向喜欢迎接挑战。falloutoffavorput...offhumancapitalspecializeinaone-way/two-waystreetinthis/thatregardfollowsuittalentacquisition失宠使……反感；使……疏远人力资本专营；专门研究单/双行道在这／那方面仿效；照着做人才招聘CompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.

1.Thechallengewitha(年度评估)isthatthey’reacollectionofindirect,out-of-contextfeedbackthatab(主管人)orbossissupposedtodeliverlongafteraprojecthasended,sothefeedbackisnolongereducationaloruseful.Key:annualreviews,supervisorCompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.

2.Evidenceisgrowingthatorganizationsaregettingbetteratrecognizingandvaluing a(全体员工)members,withtheapproachshiftingintwosignificantways,accordingtoKyleBrost,b(首席执行官)officeratSparkPolicyInstitute,aDenver-basedbusinessconsultancythatspecializesincorporateemployeeengagementtoolsandstrategies.Key:staff,chiefexecutiveCompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.

3.Paycorhas12-weeka(绩效)discussioncyclescalled“CONNECTsessions,”accordingtoCrone,whichbettermirrorthecompany’sb(商业模式)andincludeemployeereviews.Key:performance,businessmodelCompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.

4.Somecompaniesarefollowingsuitanddevelopingtheirowna(以员工为中心的)evaluationmodelsthatdon’tlookliketheb(一次性的)evaluationmodelthatold-linecompaniesweredoingdecadesago.Key:employee-centric,one-and-doneCompletethefollowingsentencesbyfillingeachofthenumberedblankswithoneortwocontentwordsusingChineseequivalentsinthebracketsasthereference.

5.“Allourstaffarea(招募),developedandmanagedagainstthePwCProfessional’sfiveattributesforleadership,whicharewholeleadership,b_____(商业头脑),technicalcapabilities,globalacumenandrelationships.”Key:recruited,businessacumenCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.1.Evidenceisgrowingthatorganizationsaregettingbetter________recognizingandvaluingstaffmembers,withtheapproachshiftingintwosignificantways,accordingtoKyleBrost,chiefexecutiveofficeratSparkPolicyInstitute,aDenver-basedbusinessconsultancythatspecializes

corporateemployeeengagementtoolsandstrategies.Key:at,inCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.2.Forexample,datasoftwarepackagessuchas7Geese,BambooHR,CRGemPerform,OfficevibeandSabaCloudallhavetoolstohelpmanagersprovidefeedback

aregular,year-roundbasis.Key:onCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.3.

thatregard,ouremployeediscussionsdon’trequirealaboriousform,butratheraquick-hitreviewofwhat’sbeenaccomplished,what’snextandhowthepersonisdeveloping.Key:InCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.4.Thecompanyconductsregularstaffengagementsurveys,Adamssays,andtheemployeeresponse

thereal-timefeedbackcultureisoverwhelminglypositive.Key:toCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.5.

respecttoofficeenvironmentsorcreativetasks,itmeanshavingaleaderthatfindsthetimetoreview,assessandconsultwithemployeesregularly.Key:WithCompletethefollowingsentenceswithonefunctionword.6.Itmaybetime-consuming,butthere’snosubstitute

interpersonalrelationshipswheremeaningfulfeedbackiscommunicated—andthat’swherereal-timefeedbacktoolscanhelp.Key:forCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Thechallengewithannualreviewsisthatthey’reacollectionofindirect,out-of-contextfeedbackthatasupervisororbossissupposedtodeliverlongafteraprojecthasended,so

(这些反馈意见不再具备教育意义或实用价值).Key:thefeedbackisnolongereducationalorusefulCompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Additionally,thesourcesandmeansforcollectingthisdata

(正变得越来越方便获取，以人为本，简便易懂).Key:arebecomingincreasinglyaccessible,human-centeredanduser-friendly

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Allowingforregularfeedbackconversations,versusthetraditionalannualreview,helpsindividualsto

(最大限度地发挥他们的优势，迅速弥补差距，并全年实时驱动学习和发展).Key:maximizetheirstrengths,quicklyclosegaps,anddrivelearninganddevelopmentinreal-timethroughouttheyear

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChinesegiveninthebrackets.Organizationsthatofferfeedbackasamatterofemployeesuccessandnotasameanstodisciplinewill(往往拥有更健康的文化，员工更高产、更快乐、更高效).Key:tendtohaveahealthierculturewithmoreproductive,happier,efficientemployees

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.反馈正成为一条双向通道，员工个体可以给单位组织反馈。Key:Feedbackisbecomingatwo-waystreetwhereindividualsareabletobringfeedbacktotheorganization.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.普华永道还会长期跟踪反馈，并图示出领导力五个方面的进展。Key:PwCalsotracksfeedbackovertimeandchartsprogressacrossthefiveareasofleadership.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.这对每个人来说都是双赢的局面，既给员工真正的在工作中学习的机会，又能鼓励各级领导提升能力。Key:It’sawin-winforeveryone,allowingforrealopportunitiestolearnonthejobwhilealsoencouragingleadershipatalllevels.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.反馈应该被当作员工赋权的工具，而不是惩罚措施。Key:Feedbackneedstobetreatedasanemployeeempowermenttoolandnotasapunitivemeasure.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Paycorwantsitsemployeefeedbacksessionstobe“informal,iterative,frequentandbalanced,”Cronesays,withmanagersandemployeessharingresponsibilityforthereviews.“Forcompaniestobeagile,feedbackmustgetclosertoreal-time.”Employeesareencouragedtotakeanactiveroleintheprocess.克龙说，Paycor希望员工反馈会议“非正式、迭进、频繁、均衡”，经理和员工共同负责评估。“公司要反应迅捷，反馈必须更接近实时。”公司鼓励员工在评估过程中发挥积极的作用。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.“Asmoreworkiscompletedinself-guidedteams,teammemberstakemoreresponsibilityforfeedback,”shesays.“Themanagercontinuestobethefocalpointforcareerconversations,withperformanceassessmentcomingfromtheteam,andteammembersholdingoneanotheraccountable,supportingoneanotherwhenthereareobstaclesandpointingoutmissedexpectations.”“越来越多的工作在团队中自主完成，团队成员对反馈承担更多责任。”她说，“经理依然是职业对话的焦点，绩效评估来自团队，团队成员相互负责，遇到障碍时相互支持，并指出未达成的预期。”CheckyourcomprehensionA.Pleaseidentifytheparagraphscontainingthefollowinginformationaccordingtothetext.1.Theonce-yearlyemployeereviewisfallingoutoffavornow.2.Theproblemwithannualreviewsisthatthey’reindirectandout-of-context,sothefeedbackisnolongereducationalorhelpful.3.Theoldapproachtofeedbackisaone-waystreet,wheretheorganization’sleadersareall-knowingandtheemployeesjustneedtogetuptospeed.4.Organizationsarebecomingbetteratrecognizingandvaluingstaffmembers,withshiftingapproachintwoways.5.TheperformancemanagementandcareerdevelopmenttoolsinPwCfeedbackmodelenablemanagerstogatherinsightsfromeveryoneintheworkplace.6.StarbucksandArizona’sMotorVehicleDivisionhaveintroducedreal-timefeedbacktoolsinmostoftheirstoresandservicelocations.7.Real-timefeedbackpracticeisawin-winforeveryone,allowingforrealopportunitiestolearnonthejobwhilealsoencouragingleadershipatalllevels.8.TheemployeeandthemanagerinPaycorhaveanequivalentvoiceinpreparingfortheperformancediscussion.9.Thebusinessbenefitsofreal-timefeedbackarenumerous.10.Inthefuture,time-honoredtraditionssuchasmeaningfulface-to-faceinteractionswillprevail,mixedwith21stcenturytechnology.Key:1—82—43—74—55—156—197—168—109—2310—17ExtendedReadingTheUglyAreVanishingbutwithThem

GoesTalentLucyKellawayA.Questionsfordiscussion.1.Howdoyoudefinea“faceist”?

Open.（answerforreference:Apersonwhojudgesordiscriminatesanotherbecauseoftheirfacialfeatures.)2.Howdoesone’slookinfluenceone’scareer?Open.(Answerforreference:a.Itmighthaveapositiveinfluenceonone’scareer.Itallreinforceshowshallowsomeofourperceptionsare,however,andcertainlyhowunconscioustheyare.

Despiteourbeliefthatwethinkandbehaveinarationalway,theevidenceoftensuggeststheexactopposite.b.Itmighthaveanegativeinfluenceonone’scareer.Peoplemightattributeone’ssuccesstohis/hergoodlooks.)3.Howdoyouinterpret“beinguglycansometimesbeanadvantage”?Open.(Answerforreference:Accordingtotheauthor,ifyouaretryingtorobabankitisgoodifyoulookabitscary.Itcanalsohelpyougethiredoversomeonehandsome—butonlywhenthepersondoingthehiringseesyouascompetition.)4.CanwecombatfaceismintheInternetage?Whyorwhynot?Open.(answerforreference:ItiseasiertocombatfaceismintheInternetagethanbefore.TheNetprovidespeoplemoreopportunitiesdespitetheirgoodorbadlooks.)B.“Personalappearanceisadouble-edgedswordforwomen—ifwomenaretooattractiveitcanworkagainstthemandtheyaresometimesnottakenseriously,bymenandwomen.”Doyouagree?Preparea10-minutepresentationonthetopicof“Dogoodlookspromoteorposeathreattoone’scareer?”anddeliveritintheclass.ListeningA.ListentoapersonfromHRdepartmenttalkingaboutinterviewingapplicantsinajobrecruitment.Whatcaninterviewersdotocarryoutasuccessfulinterview?Listenandfillinthetablebelow.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided.SituationWhatinterviewerscandoWhenapplicantsarenervous…Toavoidtheoreticalinterview…Becausetimeislimited…IfCVsarenotinformativeenough…Toavoidtoopersonaldecision…Togetmoreinsightintotheapplicant…Makeanefforttoputtheintervieweeattheirease.Introduceahands-onactivity.CheckCVsbeforeaninterviewtoseeifcandidateshaveappropriatequalifications…Askquestionswhichshouldrevealhowthey’dreactindifferentcircumstancesandwithavarietyofcolleagues.Inviteaboutfiveotherpeoplefromdifferentdepartments.Getboggeddowninaskingchallengingquestionsrelevanttoparticulardutiesinthejobdescription.B.AdrainFuenham,SundayTelegraphnewspapercorrespondent,isdiscussingmotivationalchallengewithLarryGill,vicepresidentofBP.Listentotheinterviewandcompletetheinformationonmanagementtechniques.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovided.Managementtechniquestorepairandrestoremotivation:ManagementtechniquesDescription1.Meaningfulworktogive2.Informationandresourcestogive3.Trainingtoensure4.Careerdevelopmenttodemonstrateemployeesasmuchmeaningfulworkaspossibleemployeestheinformationandresourcesneededtodoagoodjobthroughongoingtraining,thatemployeeshavethenecessaryskillstomeettherequirementsofthatjobacommitmenttocareerdevelopmentandpromotionfromwithinManagementtechniquesDescription5.Asenseofteamspirittofoster_____________________6.Recognitiontopubliclyrecognizeandcongratulate______________________________Celebrate___________andcreate_________7.Feedbacktoprovide____________________________________.Encourage____________________________________.8.Paytopay_________________________________________.Considersuchfactorsasasenseofteamspiritregularandspecificfeedbacksuccessheroesemployeesforgoodworkfeedbackfromstaffpeoplewhattheyareworthmarketforces,predatorycompetitorsandthecontributioneachindividualmakesC.DickGrote,oneofourprofession’sforemostthinkersonthetopicofperformancemanagement,andtheauthorofmanybooks,istalkingabouthismanagementexperienceinthefieldofperformanceappraisal.Listentotheinterviewandcompletetheinformationinthefollowingsentences.1.DickGroteisworkinginthefieldof______________________.2.ThelessonGroteleantwhenhereceivedhisfirstperformanceappraisalwas_______________________________________________________________________________________________.3.WhenhebecameanHRmanager,hebelievedtheappraisalprocesswas__________________________________.4.TheconcepthehadadoptedfromB.F.Skinnerwas__________________________.5.Theproblemofweb-basedappraisalsystemsis__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.takenseriously;andvaluableheneededtogetmetomoveoutoftheworldofschoolandintotheworldofworkemployeerewardsbehaviormodificationthatitaddsasignificantlevelofcomplexity;companiesandvendorsarenotreallyusingthoseappraisalsoftwareproducts.D.Doesmoneymotivate?ProfessorEdLocke,awell-knownbehavioralscientist,presentshisownpointofview.Listentothetalkandfillinthemissinginformationinthespaceprovided.EquityTheory

Equitytheory

proposesthatindividualsestimatetheratioofwhathasbeencontributed(i.e.,inputs)towhathasbeenreceived(i.e.,outcomes)forboththemselvesandachosenreferentother(Adams,1965).Inputsaretheemployee'scontributions(e.g.,education,performance,workexperience),whileoutcomesconstituterewardsthatemployeesreceiveinexchangefortheircontributions(e.g.,compensation,promotions,careerdevelopmentopportunities).Ifanimbalancebetweeninputsandoutcomesoccurs,individualsarelikelytoreducethediscrepancybyadjustingtheirattitudes,contributions,oroutcomestorestorethebalancebetweenthetworatios.PointofviewSupportingevidence1.Asamediumofexchange,

2.Further,3.Casestudy:fourmethodsformotivatingemployeeperformance:(1)

(2)(3)(4)ConclusionSuchevidencedemonstratesthat:Moneyisthecrucialincentivetoworkmotivation.itisthevehiclebywhichemployeescanpurchasenumerousneed-satisfyingthingstheydesire.moneyalsoperformsthefunctionofascorecard.moneygoalsettingparticipationindecisionmakingredesigningjobstogiveworkersmorechallengeandresponsibilitySuchevidencedemonstratesthat:moneymaynotbetheonlymotivator,butitisdifficulttoarguethatitdoesn’tmotivate.Writing备忘录Memorandum备忘录

备忘录是商务信函中的一种，主要用于公司内部对公司的职员、部门通报信息，如会议安排、情况报告、问题处理等。在英语中称之为memorandum,复数为memoranda，简称memo。除了可以采用书面形式之外，备忘录也可以通过email发出。英文备忘录的一般格式如下：▶To:▶From:▶Date:▶Subject:▶Body:Memorandum备忘录

其中To项是收件人，在其姓名前可以加上Mr.,Mrs.,Dr.或Allstaff等，在其姓名后可加上职位和部门。From项是发件人，其姓名前一般不加尊称，但姓名后同样可以加上职位和部门。Subject即内容主题，一般用简短的几个字做简略陈述，不需要是一个完整的句子，几个词或词组即可。Body即内容，是备忘录的主要部分，写作应力求简明、确切。首先应直入主题，列出最重要的信息，然后可以具体说明事由、情况，提出意见和建议等。最后可以根据具体情况或重申主题或表示意愿或感谢。需要指出的是，备忘录的末尾不需要签名。A.Readthefollowingsampleofmemorandumandfamiliarizeyouwiththewaymemorandumiswritten.B.Writeamemobasedonthefollowingsituation.Situation:YouareVincentMills,theHumanResourcesManagerofyourcompany.YouhavejustreceivedamemofromyourManagingDirectorasfollows.Pleasewritehimareply.DATE:TO:FROM:SUBJECT:9th,JulyVincentMills,HumanResourcesManagerPhilipGroves,ManagingDirectorSeminarsonJapaneseCultureandManagementImetMs.Moriwake,theJapaneseconsultant,whosummarizedthethreemainthemesofherseminars.●TheemphasisonthegroupisimportantforJapanesecorporations.Also,asanislandnationwithoutnaturalresources,peoplemustlearntogetalongwitheachother.ThisisnecessaryforthesurvivalofJapaneseculture.●Humanrelationshipsarealsodiscussedintheseminars.Toachieveharmony,peoplemakesacrificesforthesakeofthegroupandtrytoagreewitheachother.Lifetimeemploymentisalsocommon.Employeesofthesameagewhoarehiredtogetheralsogetpromotedtogetheruntilretirement.●InJapanesecorporationseveryoneistrainedtobeageneralistandcanthereforetakeoverseveraldifferentduties.Managementbyconsensusisalsocommon.Decisionsaremadebyallemployeesandnotjustbyonetopexecutive.I’vecontactedeveryoneinvolvedandanymorningoftheweekstartingthe6thofAugustwouldsuit.Ms.Moriwake,couldstartateightinthemorningandworkthroughtilltwelve(withacoffeebreak).ShecouldlunchwiththeparticipantsallowinginformalchattingaboutJapanesecultureoverlunch.Ibelieveourexecutivesshouldattendtheseseminars.AbetterunderstandingofJapanesecultureandmanagementwillcertainlyhelptheminthenegotiationsinJapan.Ms.Moriwakehasagreedtoourtermsandisexpectingyoutoconfirmwithherthisweek.VMTipsforTranslation词义的选择WarmupExercisesComparethefollowingChinesesentencesandtheirEnglishversions.PayspecialattentiontothedifferentwaysoftranslatingthesameChineseword“火热的”.1．火热的太阳把大地烤得寸草不生。Theworldgrewbarrenintheburningsun.2．她那颗冰冷的心在他火热的话语下冰雪消融。Herfrozenheartisbeingthawedbyhisenthusiasticwords.3．年轻人都有一颗火热的心。Youthhaveferventhearts.4．蒙通联和武里南联的比赛以火热的气氛和高分经典进球而闻名。MatchesbetweenMuangthongUnitedandBuriramUnitedarefamousfortheirfieryatmosphereandhigh-scoringclassics.

正确选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。汉英两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。在汉英翻译过程中，句式选定之后最大量的工作是从英语中选择恰当的词汇来表达汉语中的词义。词的选择主要应从两方面着手：1.根据上下文正确理解原文的词义词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲，英译汉时情况如此，汉译英时也是如此。例如“poor”这个词的基本含义是“贫穷的”，但是究竟怎样翻译，还需要根据具体的上下文来定。Inmypooropinion,youshouldlethergo.鄙意你应当放她走。OthermediaclosertothescenedismissedCarterasapoorloser.对此事比较了解的其他媒体认为，卡特是一个输不起的人。Shetookmeinhercabinandtoldmethatshewasapoorsailorandalwayswenttobedimmediatelyupongettingonboard.她把我带到她房间内，告诉我说，她有晕船的毛病，所以总是一上船就上床睡觉。Hewasn'tevenslightlydisturbedbytheoutcriesofwealthyalumniwhosesonswereforcedtoleavethecollegebecausetheywerepoorstudents.尽管那些由于孩子学习成绩太差被勒令退学的有钱的老校友大叫大嚷，他一点也不为所动。TheDepartmentofJusticewasreluctanttobringpoorcasesintocourt.司法部不愿意把没有把握打赢的官司拿到法庭上去。从以上例句中可以看出，因为汉语和英语在用词方面有不同的习惯，有的英文单词在某种场合下可以译成汉语的某个词，而在另一种场合下则不能这么译。经常出现同一个英语单词可能对应几个汉语词汇的翻译；同样的，汉语可用同一个词表达的地方，译成英语要换成不同的词。这时，根据上下文确定词义是关键。2.辨析词义和正确选词1）注意词的广义和狭义英语中不少同义词有广义和狭义的区别，运用也各不相同。农业是国民经济的基础。Agricultureisthefoundationofnationaleconomy.农林牧副渔相结合的方针theprincipleofcombiningfarming,forestry,animalbreedingandfishery第一句原文中的“农业”一词是广义，指一切农业经济，包括农业、畜牧业、林业和渔业，所以译作agriculture。而在第二句中，原文中的“农”与“林牧副渔”并列，是指耕作的农业，而不是整个农业经济，所以译为farming。DavidQu,asenioreconomistatBloomberg,saidthepremier’sremarksonMondayemphasizedthatChina’spolicyprioritywillfocusonensuringstablegrowthwhileaddressingstructuraleconomicproblemsthatareassociatedwithpeople’slivelihoods,technologicalinnovations,greentransitionandriskprevention.彭博高级经济学家曲天石（DavidQu）表示，总理周一的讲话强调，当前的工作重点是稳定增长，同时解决经济中与民生、技术创新、绿色转型和风险防范相关的结构性经济问题。Headdressedafewintroductoryremarkstotheaudience.他对观众说了几句开场白。Hewasimpressedwiththebusinessplanbecauseitaddressedarealneed.他对这项商业计划印象很深，该计划满足了实际需求。Veryfewofthesestudiesactuallyaddressthedistinctionbetweenplanningandcontrol.这些研究没有一个真正提出计划与控制的区别。address一词作动词时有“解决、发表演讲、满足、提出”等意思。英语中大量词语，在不同语境中有不同含义，因此，精确运用常用词在翻译中显得非常重要。2）注意词的感情色彩由于人们对事物的态度不同，就会使用含有不同感情色彩的词，或肯定、赞扬，或否定、鄙视。这种感情色彩需要相应地在译文中表达出来。他们讲唯心论，我们讲唯物论。Theypreachidealism,whereasweadvocatedmaterialism.同是一个“讲”字，译文中一处用preach，另一处用advocate，一贬一褒，反映了对两种世界观的不同态度。Girlswereallsmilesuponhearingthegoodnews.姑娘们听到这个好消息个个笑逐颜开。听到这个好消息，姑娘们都满脸堆笑。显然第二个译文里“满脸堆笑”含有明显的贬义，与原文“wereallsmiles”明显的褒义用法不对应。3）注意词的语体色彩语体是同一语言使用者在不同场合使用的该语言的变体，其实质是根据场合选用同义词，它们或是随便，或是亲昵，或是刻板，或是典雅，或是商谈式的，或是命令式，的等等。英汉翻译选词时应注意词的语体色彩。在英语商业文书中，常常用到严谨而规范的书面语，如“bymeansof”“inviewof”“acknowledge”等。在汉语商务文书中也常可见到“系”“拟”“予”等古词语构词，以及“洽商”“鉴于”“函告”等合成动词。Wefeelthatthepriceyouquotedisonthehighside;withaviewtolongfriendlyrelationsbetweenourcompanies,wemayaccept(yourofferwith)a10%reductioninprice.我方觉得你方所报价格偏高，鉴于我们之间的长期友好关系，我方还是可以接受贵方下调10%的价格。汉语的“鉴于”一词语体色彩较为正式，对应英语商业文书中的withaviewto。Inacompetitivemarket,thepricethatbalancessupplyanddemandiscalledequilibriumprice.在竞争性市场上，能够使需求和供应保持平衡的价格即均衡价格。句中的“equilibriumprice”是商务英语术语，意为“均衡价格”，应该采用规范用语。4）注意词的搭配意义汉英两种语言在长期使用过程中形成了各自的固定词组和搭配用法，翻译时必须注意两者的不同，而不能把汉语词的搭配用法生搬硬套到译文中。A.定语和中心词的搭配淡茶/淡酒/淡水/淡季weaktea/lightwine/freshwater/lowseason同是一个“淡”字，与不同的名词搭配，译成英语需选用不同的词。B.动词和宾语的搭配下车/下面条/下结论/下决心/下命令/下棋togetoffacar/tocooknoodles/todrawaconclusion/tomakeadecision/toissueorders/toplaychess由于与不同的宾语搭配，同是一个“下”字，译成英语选用了不同的动词。Heisthelastmantocome.他是最后来的。Heisthelastmantodoit.他绝不会干这事。Heisthelastmanforsuchajob.他最不配做这个工作。ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方遇到你。以上前三个例句中，同一个英语词last前后搭配的词几乎相同，但是通观全句，才能确定具体的语境意义。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontotheitalicizedwords.1）Asmallabscessesattherootofaneyelash,orsties,whichcommonlyoccurincrops,areusuallytreatedwithwarmcompressestodrainthepus.麦粒肿，是睫毛根部的小脓肿，一般成群出现，常以热敷排脓的方法治疗。2）Nyalasareshyandnocturnal,inha