山东省潍坊市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省潍坊市2024-2025学年高一下学期期末质量监测英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABritain’sseasidetowns,oncebadlyhurt,arenowcomingbacktolife!Oldbuildingsstillstand,butnewartcentres,funactivities,andpopularplacesarebringingbacktheirpastglory.Herearefourtownstovisitthissummer.Scarborough,YorkshireScarboroughmaybeBritain’sfirstseasidespotforvacation.Inthe1600s,peoplecameforitshealth-givingsprings.Afteryearsofdownturn,it’snowimprovingthankstonewplans:hostingeverythingfrompoetryreadingstorockmusicfestivals,whilestillwelcomingvisitorstoitstop-ratedbeaches.Margate,KentEverycoastaltownwantstoattractvisitorsallyear,andMargatedoesthisbest.Whenbadweatherkeepspeoplefromthebeach,there’slotsofindoorfun-likeold-fashionedgamesandtheTurnerContemporaryartcentre.ButwhatreallyhelpsMargategrowisthestrongcommunityspirit,everyoneworkingtogether.Barmouth,WalesOnthewaytofamousNorthWalesspotslikeSnowdonia,don’tmissBarmouth!Thishiddentownsitswherearivermeetsthesea,withmountainsbehinditsbeaches.Itsslogan(口号)is“mountain,sand&sea”—justlookatthesunsetoverthewaterwithmountainsinthedistance.Manyvisitorsloveitsomuchthattheydecidetomovehereandbecomeresidents!Penzance,CornwallPenzancehasrecoveredslowly,notsuddenly.Overthelast10years,manynewprojectshavehelpedthetown.Themaineventsarethe10-dayGolowanfestival,whichfeaturesparadesandshows,andtheMontolwintercelebration.Visitorscantakeasleepertrain(atrainwithbeds)fromLondon,orflybyhelicoptertonearbyScillyIsles.Thelocalfoodisalsoverypopular!1.WhatattractedpeopletoScarboroughinthe1600s?A.Poetryreadings. B.Musicfestivals. C.Seasideattractions. D.Healthfulsprings.2.WhatisthemainfactorforMargate’sgrowth?A.Warmweather. B.Indooractivities. C.Localteamwork. D.Modernfacilities.3.Whichtownhasliveablenaturalconditions?A.Margate,Kent. B.Barmouth,Wales.C.Penzance,Cornwall. D.Scarborough,Yorkshire.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个英国值得在今年夏天前往游览的城镇。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthe1600s,peoplecameforitshealth-givingsprings.(在17世纪，人们前来此地是因为这里有着有益健康的温泉水)”可知，17世纪时，优质的温泉吸引了人们来到斯卡伯勒。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“ButwhatreallyhelpsMargategrowisthestrongcommunityspirit,everyoneworkingtogether.(但真正推动马格特发展的是浓厚的社区精神，即所有人齐心协力)”可知，马盖特发展壮大的主要因素是地方团队合作。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“OnthewaytofamousNorthWalesspotslikeSnowdonia,don’tmissBarmouth!Thishiddentownsitswherearivermeetsthesea,withmountainsbehinditsbeaches.Itsslogan(口号)is“mountain,sand&sea”—justlookatthesunsetoverthewaterwithmountainsinthedistance.Manyvisitorsloveitsomuchthattheydecidetomovehereandbecomeresidents!(在前往著名的北威尔士景点（如斯诺多尼亚）的途中，千万不要错过Barmouth！这座隐匿的小镇位于一条河流与大海交汇之处，其海滩背后是群山。它的宣传口号是“山、沙与海”——只需看看那远处山峦与水面交相辉映的落日景色即可。许多游客如此喜爱这里，以至于决定搬到这里并成为这里的居民！)”可知，Barmouth具备适宜居住的自然条件。故选B。BOur12-year-oldtelevisionbrokedown.Itsslowdeathbeganwithawarningthatflashedacrossthescreenonenight:Thisfunctionisnotavailablenow.Itriedcleaningtheremotecontrol,restartingtheTVandupdatingthesystem.Nothingworked.IthoughtaboutgettinganewTV,butwedidn’thavethemoneytoreplaceit.Ispenthoursonlineresearchingandconcludedthemotherboard(主板)wasneartheendofitslife.Motherboard.Thewordheldsignificance.Ihearditastwowords:motherbored.Withmyyoungerson,Henry,awayatcollege,myroleasamomhadtakenabigturn.Iwasstilltryingtogetusedtothischange.Iwas,honestly,alittlebored.IhadjustthoughtaboutwatchingHenry’sfavoriteTVshowJeopardyafterdinnertokilltime,butnowtheannoyingwarningruinedmyrelaxation.IwishedtheTVwouldfixitself,butthewarningcamemoreoftenastheweekwenton.Disappointed,Idecidedtosettledownwithabookinstead.IsearchedmybookshelfandfoundahistoricalnovelthatI’dbeengivenasagiftafewyearsagobutneverread.Thefirstfewnights,Iwasrestless.IfoughtthedesiretopickupmyphoneandresearchnewTVsorchecksocialmedia.ButonceIgotlostinthebook,everythingchanged.Anewlevelofrelaxationopened,andadeepsenseofpeacefilledmydayandevenmynight’ssleep.WemovedthebrokenTVoutofthelivingroom.NowwhenIthinkaboutthatannoyingwarning,Ifeelthankful.Irealizethatblessingssometimesenterourlivesdisguisedasproblems,andtheanswerisn’talwaysgettingsomethingnewbutrediscoveringgiftswealreadyhave.4.WhichpartoftheTVwasbroken?A.System. B.Screen. C.Motherboard. D.Remotecontrol.5.Whydidtheauthorhear“motherboard”as“motherbored”?A.Shewasannoyedatthewarning. B.Shefeltemptywithherson’sabsence.C.Sheadaptedtotheroleofbeingamom. D.ShefoundwatchingJeopardyawasteoftime.6.Whatdidtheauthorturntofinally?A.Herphone. B.Abook. C.NewTVs. D.Socialmedia.7.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Knowledgeispower. B.AllroadsleadtoRome.C.Itisnevertoooldtolearn. D.Goodcancomeoutofbad.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的12年旧电视因主板故障报废，儿子上大学后她感空虚，后通过读书找到宁静，感悟福祸相依。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ispenthoursonlineresearchingandconcludedthemotherboard(主板)wasneartheendofitslife.(我花了几个小时在网上研究，得出结论：主板即将报废。)”可知，电视的主板坏了。故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Withmyyoungerson,Henry,awayatcollege,myroleasamomhadtakenabigturn.Iwasstilltryingtogetusedtothischange.Iwas,honestly,alittlebored.(我的小儿子亨利去上大学了，我作为母亲的角色发生了很大的转变。我还在努力适应这种变化。说实话，我有点无聊。)”可知，作者因儿子不在身边感到空虚，所以将“motherboard”听成“motherbored”。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Disappointed,Idecidedtosettledownwithabookinstead.IsearchedmybookshelfandfoundahistoricalnovelthatI’dbeengivenasagiftafewyearsagobutneverread.(失望的是，我决定用一本书来安顿下来。我翻遍书架，找到了一本几年前作为礼物送给我但从未读过的历史小说。)”及第五段“ButonceIgotlostinthebook,everythingchanged.(但一旦我沉浸在书中，一切都变了。)”可知，作者最后转向了一本书。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Irealizethatblessingssometimesenterourlivesdisguisedasproblems,andtheanswerisn’talwaysgettingsomethingnewbutrediscoveringgiftswealreadyhave.(我意识到，福气有时会以问题的形式进入我们的生活，答案并不总是得到新的东西，而是重新发现我们已经拥有的礼物。)”可知，作者的经历表明坏事中可能蕴含着好事。所以D项Goodcancomeoutofbad.(坏事可以变成好事。)符合此意。故选D项。CWhenstudentsatBrownUniversityentertheircampusfitnesscenterandsteponacertaintreadmill(跑步机),theyaren’tonlyworkingout.They’realsoproducingelectricitytopowertheverybuildingthey’rein.Brown’sNelsonFitnessCenterrecentlyhousedaseriesofcardio(有氧的)machines,madebythecompanySportsArt,thatchangehumanenergyintoelectricity.Thegymequipmentcameaboutthankstoastudentprojectseveralyearsbefore.ElinaPipa,nowasenioratBrown,tookaclassonclimatesolutions.Thecourserequiredstudentstodevelopabusinesscaseforareal-worldclimatesolution.Whilesomemayhaveimagineddistantsituations,Pipachosetofocusonsomethingclosertohome:BrownUniversity’sownexercisecenter.Soon,Pipa’sideabecameareality.Gym-goerscanseetheimpactdirectly.Alongwithyourtimeormiles,theSportsArtequipmentalsoshowsthe“instantwatts(瓦特)”basedonyourpace.SportsArtsaysitsequipmentcanproduceupto220watthoursofelectricityperhourofworkout.Inaseparatetest,onereporterfoundthat30minutesofwalkingcreatedabout80watthoursofelectricity,enoughtopoweranLEDlightforaboutsixhours.“Itwassuperexcitingbecauseyoucouldseethatthereisanimpact,”shesays.“Whenyouseethatevenyourgymequipmentcandosomething,youstartunderstandingitispossibletohavehabitsinyourlifethatarepositivefortheenvironment.”Thisgymequipmentisinplacenow-withevenmoremachinesontheway,shesays.Thefactshowsthatstudentsdon’thavetowaituntiltheygraduatetotakeclimateaction.“Youdon’tneedtoreinventthewheeltohaveanimpact,”shesays.“Sometimesit’sabouttakinganexistingideaandrunningwithit.”8.WhatisspecialaboutBrownUniversityfitnesscenter?A.Itispoweredbyworkouts. B.Ithastraditionaltreadmills.C.Itofferstailoredfitnessplans. D.Itprovidesfreefitnessclasses.9.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.AtaskfromSportsArt. B.TheoriginofPipa’sidea.C.AprojectofBrownUniversity. D.Thesolutiontoabusinesscase.10.Whydoestheauthormentiontheseparatetestinparagraph3?A.Torecordtheprogressofusers. B.Tostressthebenefitsofwalking.C.Totellthemethodsofproducingpower. D.Toprovetheeffectivenessoftheequipment.11.WhatdoesPipasuggeststudentsdotohelptheenvironment?A.Formgoodhabits. B.Startwithinventions.C.Focusonacademicsfirst. D.Actoncurrentideasnow.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述布朗大学健身中心有SportsArt的发电健身器材，源于学生皮帕的想法，能将运动转为电力，表明学生可即刻采取环保行动。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenstudentsatBrownUniversityentertheircampusfitnesscenterandsteponacertaintreadmill(跑步机),theyaren’tonlyworkingout.They’realsoproducingelectricitytopowertheverybuildingthey’rein.(布朗大学的学生进入校园健身中心，踏上某台跑步机时，他们不仅在锻炼，还在发电为所在的大楼供电。)”可知，该健身中心的特别之处在于其由运动产生的电力供电。故选A项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thegymequipmentcameaboutthankstoastudentprojectseveralyearsbefore.ElinaPipa,nowasenioratBrown,tookaclassonclimatesolutions.Thecourserequiredstudentstodevelopabusinesscaseforareal-worldclimatesolution.Whilesomemayhaveimagineddistantsituations,Pipachosetofocusonsomethingclosertohome:BrownUniversity’sownexercisecenter.(几年前，由于一个学生项目，健身房设备应运而生。埃琳娜·皮帕现在是布朗大学的大四学生，她上了一节关于气候解决方案的课。该课程要求学生为现实世界的气候解决方案制定商业案例。虽然有些人可能会想象遥远的情况，但皮帕选择专注于离家更近的事情：布朗大学自己的健身中心。)”可知，该段主要讲述皮帕想法的起源。故选B项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“SportsArtsaysitsequipmentcanproduceupto220watthoursofelectricityperhourofworkout.Inaseparatetest,onereporterfoundthat30minutesofwalkingcreatedabout80watthoursofelectricity,enoughtopoweranLEDlightforaboutsixhours.(SportsArt称其设备每小时锻炼可产生高达220瓦时的电力。在另一项测试中，一名记者发现步行30分钟可产生约80瓦时的电力，足以让一盏LED灯亮约6小时。)”可知，提及测试是为了证明该设备发电的有效性。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thefactshowsthatstudentsdon’thavetowaituntiltheygraduatetotakeclimateaction.‘Youdon’tneedtoreinventthewheeltohaveanimpact,’shesays.‘Sometimesit’sabouttakinganexistingideaandrunningwithit.’(这一事实表明，学生不必等到毕业再采取气候行动。她说：‘你不需要重新发明轮子来产生影响，有时只需要采纳现有的想法并付诸实施。’)”可知，皮帕建议学生立即行动，利用现有想法助力环境。故选D项。DWhenfacinganenemy,animalsgenerallytendtofight,fleeorsimplystopmoving.Butbabycaterpillars(毛毛虫)dosomethingelsecompletely:theyvibrate(振动).Newly-borncaterpillars,verytiny,liveandfeedaloneontheverytipsofleaves.Inarecentstudy,scientistsfoundthatthecaterpillarsareratherprotectiveoftheirlittlehabitat.Ifanothercaterpillarmovesintotheirterritory(领地),thesetinycreaturesstartwildlyshakingtheirheadsandbodiesagainsttheleaf.Thebehaviorssignalthattheirleaftipisoff-limitstoanunexpectedvisitor.Thisresearch“takesmeintohowcomplexthesensoryworldofevenatinycreatureis—aworldthathumansarejustnotawareof,”saysJayneE.Yack,anauthorofthenewstudy.Thescientistsusedclose-upvideosandaninstrumentthatcouldpickupaleaf’svibrationswithouttouchingittoexplorethecaterpillars’shakyworld.“Forsuchsmallcaterpillars,theirvibrationsarelikelionroars,”Yacksays.“Youhavetotaketheheadphonesoffyourearsbecausethey’resoloud.”Theflexibleleaftipmayalsoincreasethesound,sheadds.Thesewildvibrationscouldbeabluff(虚张声势);somespidersmakesimilarmoves.“It’sadistinctpossibilitythatthey’recopyingaspidertopreventsomebodyelsefromtakingovertheirpreciousleaftip,”Yacksays.Likesingingbirds,“thesecaterpillarsarealsodeclaringownershipoftheirterritoriesandcompetingwithenemies—inthiscasebysendingvibrationsthroughtheleafsurfaceratherthantheair,”saysAndrewMason,whostudiesanimalcommunicationandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thisstudygivesusawindowontothisotherwiseundetectableworld.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“off-limits”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Relevant. B.Forbidden. C.Limited. D.Accessible.13.Whatcanwelearnaboutcaterpillarsfromparagraph3?A.Theyaretoosmalltotrack. B.Theyvibrateinvariousways.C.Theirvibrationsareverypowerful. D.Theirworldissimplerthanexpected.14.Whatmightbethepurposeofcaterpillarscopyingspiders?A.Toattractpartners. B.Tomaketraps. C.Toprotectterritories. D.Toattackenemies.15.WhatdoesAndrewMasonthinkofthestudy?A.Breakthrough. B.One-sided. C.Risky. D.Typical.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，新生毛毛虫会通过强烈振动保护叶尖领地，可能模仿蜘蛛，这为了解其感知世界提供了新视角。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ifanothercaterpillarmovesintotheirterritory(领地),thesetinycreaturesstartwildlyshakingtheirheadsandbodiesagainsttheleaf.Thebehaviorssignalthattheirleaftipisoff-limitstoanunexpectedvisitor.(如果另一只毛毛虫进入它们的领地，这些小家伙就会对着叶子疯狂地摇头晃身。这些行为表明，它们的叶尖对不速之客是off-limits。)”和最后一段“thesecaterpillarsarealsodeclaringownershipoftheirterritoriesandcompetingwithenemies—inthiscasebysendingvibrationsthroughtheleafsurfaceratherthantheair(这些毛毛虫也在宣布对自己领地的所有权，并与敌人竞争——在这种情况下，它们通过叶子表面而不是空气发送振动)”可猜测，新生毛毛虫会通过强烈振动宣布对自己叶尖领地的所有权，禁止其他毛毛虫进入自己的领地，off-limits意为“禁止的”，与B选项Forbidden语义一致。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Forsuchsmallcaterpillars,theirvibrationsarelikelionroars,’Yacksays.‘Youhavetotaketheheadphonesoffyourearsbecausethey’resoloud.’(亚克说：‘对于这么小的毛毛虫来说，它们的振动就像狮子的吼叫。你必须摘下耳机，因为声音太大了。’)”可知，毛毛虫的振动非常强烈。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“‘It’sadistinctpossibilitythatthey’recopyingaspidertopreventsomebodyelsefromtakingovertheirpreciousleaftip,’Yacksays.(亚克说：‘它们很有可能在模仿蜘蛛，以防止其他生物占据它们宝贵的叶尖。’)”可知，毛毛虫模仿蜘蛛的目的是保护领地。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段AndrewMason所说“Thisstudygivesusawindowontothisotherwiseundetectableworld.(这项研究为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们得以了解这个原本无法察觉的世界。)”可知，他认为这项研究具有突破性。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Iusedtohateworkingout,butnowit’smyfavoritepartoftheweek.Herearesimpletipstoencourageyourselfintolovingexercise.Remember,everypersonisdifferent,andwhatworksforonemightnotworkforanother.____16____Someofuslovedoingexercisebyourselves,whilesomeofusaresocialbutterflies.____17____Makeexerciseachancetohangoutwithfriends.Doingsomethinghardistoughandtiresome.Doingsomethinghardwithfriendsisfunnyandcompetitive.Thereissomethinginbehavioralsciencecalledcoupling.____18____Intermsofworkingout,thismeansaddinganotheractivitytoyourworkout.Forexample,ifyoulovemusic,youcanlistentosongsasyourunoutdoors.____19____Well,that’swhatthesciencesays,butitwasn’teasytofeelthatatthebeginningofmyexercisejourney.That’swhyitwassuperimportanttotreatmyselfafteragoodworkout.Treatingyourselfconnectsexercisewithsomethinggoodhappeningtoyou,likevisitingyourfavoritecoffeeshoporwatchingyourfavoriteTVshow.Oneofthebestthingstostartexercisingistotakeiteasy.Ifyouworkouteverysingleday,you’relikelytoburnout.Therefore,takeiteasy.Startwithmovementsyouliketodo.Goonwalks,listentoyoursongsandenjoysomefreshair.Doexercisetwoorthreetimesaweek.Thismightbeoneofthemostimportanttips.____20____A.Youhavetoslowdownbeforetakingoff.B.Workingoutcangiveyoufeel-goodemotions.C.Theyliketheeffort,thesweat,andthehardwork.D.Trythemoutandseeifanyofthetipsworkforyou.E.It’swhenyouputtwoseeminglyunrelatedthingstogether.F.Ifyoudon’tlikeworkingoutalone,makeitagroupactivity.G.However,thereissomesciencebehindexercisingandbrainhealth.【答案】16.D17.F18.E19.B20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些能让人爱上运动的简单方法，并强调了运动对身心健康的益处。【16题详析】根据上文“Herearesimpletipstoencourageyourselfintolovingexercise.Remember,everypersonisdifferent,andwhatworksforonemightnotworkforanother.(这里有一些简单的方法来激励自己爱上运动。记住，每个人都不一样，对一个人有效的方法可能对另一个人并不适用)”可知，这里在引出一系列的建议。因此，空处应该是一个总结性的句子，鼓励读者尝试这些方法。D项中的“tips”与开头“Herearesimpletips”相呼应。所以D项“试试这些建议，看看有没有适合你的。”符合语境。故选D。【17题详析】根据上文“Someofuslovedoingexercisebyourselves,whilesomeofusaresocialbutterflies.(我们中的一些人喜欢独自锻炼，而另一些人则是社交达人)”以及下文“Makeexerciseachancetohangoutwithfriends.(让锻炼成为和朋友一起出去玩的机会)”可知，上文提到有“社交达人”不喜欢独自锻炼，下文建议和朋友一起锻炼，空处需要承接上文并引出集体活动的建议。F项中的“don’tlikeworkingoutalone”与上文“someofusaresocialbutterflies”相呼应，“makeitagroupactivity”与下文“hangoutwithfriends”相衔接。所以F项“如果你不喜欢独自锻炼，那就把它变成一项集体活动。”符合语境。故选F。【18题详析】根据上文“Thereissomethinginbehavioralsciencecalledcoupling.(行为科学中有个概念叫耦合)”以及下文“Intermsofworkingout,thismeansaddinganotheractivitytoyourworkout.(就运动而言，这意味着在锻炼中增加另一项活动)”可知，空处需要解释“耦合”的定义。E项中的“puttwoseeminglyunrelatedthingstogether”与下文“addinganotheractivitytoyourworkout”相呼应，都是对“耦合”的解释。所以E项“它是指把两个看似不相关的东西放在一起。”符合语境。故选E。【19题详析】根据下文“Well,that’swhatthesciencesays,butitwasn’teasytofeelthatatthebeginningofmyexercisejourney.That’swhyitwassuperimportanttotreatmyselfafteragoodworkout.(嗯，科学是这么说的，但在我开始锻炼的时候，要感受到这一点并不容易。这就是为什么在锻炼后奖励自己非常重要)”可知，这里在讲述锻炼后的奖励对人的心理作用。B项中的“feel-goodemotions”正是锻炼的益处，引出后文。所以B项“锻炼能给你带来愉悦的情绪。”符合语境。故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Oneofthebestthingstostartexercisingistotakeiteasy.(开始锻炼最好的方法之一就是放轻松)”以及“Thismightbeoneofthemostimportanttips.(这可能是最重要的建议之一)”可知，上文强调开始锻炼要放轻松，空处需要总结上文的建议。A项中“slowdownbeforetakingoff”与上文“takeiteasy”相呼应，都是在强调要循序渐进。所以A项“在起飞前你必须减速。”符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwasthefirstdayoffifthgrade.AsIwalkedintoschool,myhandswere____21____andmylegsfeltweak.Iwasalways____22____onthefirstdayofschoolandIhadneverhadamaleteacherbefore.Somehow,Iknewthisyearwouldbe____23____.Mr.H,hepreferredtobecalled,quickly____24____myuneasinesswithhisfriendlywelcome.Ichosea(n)____25____nearthefrontoftheclassroom.MymomalwaysthoughtIlostmy____26____whenIsatfarfromtheteacher;besides,Iwasalsonearsighted.Mr.Hwasencouraging.Whetheryouwerethebestorworststudent,hemadeyoufeel____27____.Smileyfaceswerehis____28____,alwaysappearingonourhomeworkexercisesandtestpapers.Learningbecameexcitingwithhisfun____29____.IrememberthedayMr.H____30____,“Wehavenewstudentsjoining,”holdingacage(笼子)withthreelittlemice.Everyonescreamed.(尖叫).Perhapswe____31____thenewcomers,butwewerecheerfultohavethem.Oneevening,afriendcalledwiththebreaking____32____—ourgymwasonfire.Mymindstarted____33____.CouldMr.Hbeinside?MyparentsandIhurriedintothecarand____34____theschool.Thankfully,thefirewascontrolled,andnoonewashurt.Mr.Htoldusanewgymwouldbebuiltandremindedustostay____35____andlookonthebrightside.21.A.waving B.folding C.shaking D.clapping22.A.anxious B.silent C.careful D.energetic23.A.regular B.strange C.important D.different24.A.calmed B.guessed C.increased D.caused25.A.exit B.seat C.entrance D.corner26.A.connection B.concentration C.balance D.direction27.A.special B.proud C.wise D.busy28.A.goal B.plan C.mark D.suggestion29.A.imagination B.ideas C.texts D.appearance30.A.promised B.added C.insisted D.announced31.A.scared B.doubted C.ignored D.punished32.A.result B.problem C.plot D.news33.A.checking B.battling C.racing D.changing34.A.lookedaround B.ranthrough C.passedby D.headedtoward35.A.friendly B.positive C.polite D.patient【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.B27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了五年级开学第一天，作者因从未有过男老师当自己的老师而感到不安，但新老师Mr.H友好的欢迎让作者放松下来。Mr.H鼓励学生，教学方式有趣，给作者留下深刻印象。一次学校体育馆着火，所幸无人受伤，Mr.H还提醒大家保持积极心态。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走进学校时，我的手在颤抖，腿也发软。A.waving挥动；B.folding折叠；C.shaking颤抖；D.clapping鼓掌。根据下文“mylegsfeltweak”以及下文“Iwasalways...onthefirstdayofschool”可知，作者在开学第一天很紧张，所以手会颤抖，shaking符合语境。故选C项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在开学第一天总是很焦虑，而且我以前从未有过男老师当自己的老师。A.anxious焦虑的；B.silent沉默的；C.careful仔细的；D.energetic精力充沛的。结合前文手颤抖、腿发软以及“hadneverhadamaleteacherbefore”可知，作者因为这些原因在开学第一天感到紧张、焦虑，anxious符合语义。故选A项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不知为何，我知道今年会有所不同。A.regular常规的；B.strange奇怪的；C.important重要的；D.different不同的。根据上文“Ihadneverhadamaleteacherbefore.”可知，之前没有男老师当自己的老师，结合句首“Somehow”可推知作者感觉今年和以往不同，different符合语境。故选D项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr.H，他更愿意被这样称呼，用他友好的欢迎迅速安抚了我的不安。A.calmed使平静，安抚；B.guessed猜测；C.increased增加；D.caused引起。根据下文“withhisfriendlywelcome”可知，Mr.H友好的欢迎让作者不安的情绪得到了安抚，让作者平静下来，calmed符合语境。故选A项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在教室前面附近选了一个座位。A.exit出口；B.seat座位；C.entrance入口；D.corner角落。根据后文“MymomalwaysthoughtIlostmy...whenIsatfarfromtheteacher”可知，作者是选了座位，seat符合语义。故选B项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈总是认为如果我坐得离老师远，我就会注意力不集中；此外，我还近视。A.connection联系；B.concentration注意力；C.balance平衡；D.direction方向。根据下文“whenIsatfarfromtheteacher”可知，妈妈认为坐得离老师远会导致作者注意力不集中，concentration符合语境。故选B项。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论你是最好的学生还是最差的学生，他都让你觉得自己很特别。A.special特别的；B.proud骄傲的；C.wise明智的；D.busy忙碌的。根据上文“Mr.Hwasencouraging.”可知，Mr.H鼓励学生，让每个学生都觉得自己是特别的，special符合语境。故选A项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：笑脸是他的标记，总是出现在我们的家庭作业练习和试卷上。A.goal目标；B.plan计划；C.mark标记；D.suggestion建议。根据下文“alwaysappearingonourhomeworkexercisesandtestpapers”可知，笑脸经常出现在作业和试卷上，成为了Mr.H的一种标记，mark符合语境。故选C项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有趣的想法让学习变得令人兴奋。A.imagination想象；B.ideas想法；C.texts课文；D.appearance外表。根据上文“Learningbecameexciting”以及下文“Wehavenewstudentsjoining,”holdingacage(笼子)withthreelittlemice.Everyonescreamed.”可知，Mr.H有趣的想法使得学习变得令人兴奋，ideas符合语境。故选B项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得Mr.H宣布“我们有新同学加入”的那一天，他拿着一个装有三只小老鼠的笼子。A.promised承诺；B.added补充说；C.insisted坚持；D.announced宣布。根据下文“Wehavenewstudentsjoining”可知，Mr.H是在宣布这件事，announced符合语境。故选D项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我们吓到了新成员，但我们很高兴有它们。A.scared使害怕；B.doubted怀疑；C.ignored忽视；D.punished惩罚。根据上文“Everyonescreamed.”可知，大家尖叫可能吓到了小老鼠，scared符合语境。故选A项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，一个朋友打电话带来了突发消息——我们的体育馆着火了。A.result结果；B.problem问题；C.plot情节；D.news消息。根据下文“ourgymwasonfire”可知，这是朋友带来的消息，news符合语境。故选D项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的脑子开始飞速运转。A.checking检查；B.battling斗争；C.racing快速运转；D.changing改变。根据下文“CouldMr.Hbeinside?”可知，作者担心Mr.H，所以脑子开始快速运转，race“（头脑、思想因为害怕、兴奋等）急速跳动，快速转动”符合语境。故选C项。【34题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和父母急忙上车，朝学校驶去。A.lookedaround环顾四周；B.ranthrough快速穿越，快速阅读；C.passedby经过；D.headedtoward朝……前进。根据上文“Ihurriedintothecar”以及得知体育馆着火，可知，作者和父母应该是朝学校驶去，headedtoward符合语境。故选D项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mr.H告诉我们会建一个新的体育馆，并提醒我们保持积极，往好的方面看。A.friendly友好的；B.positive积极的；C.polite礼貌的；D.patient耐心的。根据下文“lookonthebrightside”可知，Mr.H提醒大家保持积极的心态，positive符合语境。故选B项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AlbertEinstein,whoisthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,____36____(consider)oneofthesmartestmen.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigure____37____(love)bymanypeople.At16,EinsteintriedtoenteruniversityinSwitzerland,____38____failedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentranceexam.Oneyearlater,hemanaged____39____(pass)theexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.In1902,EinsteintookajobintheSwisspatentoffice,wherehecontinuedtostudy,earning____40____doctor’sdegreeinphysics.In1905,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,he____41____(gradual)becamefamousthroughouttheworld____42____thenewIsaacNewton.In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics.WhenHitlercametopower,Einstein,____43____wasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.Tothepublic,hewasseenasakindandfunnyman.Einsteinoftenencounteredpeopleonthestreetwhowouldstophimandaskhimtohelpexplainthings.Aftermanysuch____44____(occasion),hefinallystartedsaying,“Pardonme!Sorry!AlwaysIammistakenforProfessorEinstein!”On18April1955,Einsteinpassedaway,_____45_____(leave)theworldmourningthelossofabrilliantscientist.【答案】36.isconsidered37.loved38.but39.topass40.a41.gradually42.as43.who44.occasions45.leaving【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了爱因斯坦的生平成就与人格魅力，并强调了他从考试失败到科学巨匠的奋斗历程，以及纳粹时期作为犹太人的遭遇。【36题详析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他被认为是最聪明的人之一。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，consider“认为”和主语AlbertEinstein之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填isconsidered。【37题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：爱因斯坦不仅是天才，还是一个勇敢而善良、深受爱戴的人物。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作figure的后置定语，love“喜爱”和figure逻辑上是被动关系，因此用love的过去分词形式。故填loved。【38题详析】考查连词。句意：16岁时，爱因斯坦试图进入瑞士的大学，但因入学考试综合部分的分数太低而失败。根据“triedtoenter”和“failed”可知，前后存在转折关系，需用并列连词but“但是”连接谓语。故填but。【39题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一年后，他成功通过考试，于1896年入学，1900年毕业。managetodo为固定短语，意为“成功做到某事”，因此用pass“通过”的不定式形式。故填topass。【40题详析】考查冠词。句意：1902年，爱因斯坦在瑞士专利局工作，期间继续学习，并获得了一个物理学博士学位。空处表示泛指，意为“一个物理学博士学位”，应用不定冠词，且doctor的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。【41题详析】考查副词。句意：此后，他逐渐闻名世界，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。空处修饰动词became，副词gradually符合题意，意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。【42题详析】考查介词。句意：此后，他逐渐闻名世界，被誉为新一代的艾萨克·牛顿。结合“thenewIsaacNewton”可知，固定搭配becomefamousas“作为……而出名”符合题意。故填as。【43题详析】考查定语从句。句意：希特勒上台后，爱因斯坦作为犹太人发现学术机构对他关闭了大门。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Einstein作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。【44题详析】考查名词的数。句意：经历多次这样的场合后，他终于开始说：“抱歉！对不起！大家总是把我误认为爱因斯坦教授！”空处作After的宾语，many后可数名词occasion“场合”应用复数形式。故填occasions。【45题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1955年4月18日，爱因斯坦逝世，让世界为失去这位卓越的科学家而哀悼。空处句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用leave的现在分词形式。故填leaving。第三节单词拼写(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)根据汉语及首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。46.Icouldn’tp________(说服)himthathisplanwouldn’twork.（根据中英文提示拼写单词）【答案】persuade【详析】考查动词。句意：我无法说服他，他的计划是行不通的。根据中英文提示可知用动词persuade，且couldn’t后跟动词原形。故填persuade。47.Weshouldc________(承诺)ourselvestoprotectingculturalrelics.（根据中英文提示拼写单词）【答案】commit【详析】考查动词。句意：我们应该承诺保护文物。根据中英文提示“承诺”以及首字母“c”，此处应填入动词“commit”，“commitoneselftodoingsth.”为固定搭配，意为“承诺做某事”，结合空前should情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填commit。48.Hesaidhewasgoingtobeond________(值班)attheofficethisafternoon.（根据中英文提示拼写单词）【答案】duty【详析】考查名词。句意：他说他今天下午要在办公室值班。根据中英文提示可知用名词duty，构成短语onduty，表示“值班”之意。故填duty。49.Itisas________(肤浅的)viewwhichfailstorealisehowexploringspacehelpsus.（根据中英文提示拼写单词）【答案】shallow【详析】考查形容词。句意：这是一种肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们有何帮助。根据汉语提示可知，“肤浅的”为“shallow”，作定语。故填shallow。50.Theclimateism________(温和的)allyearround,soit’salwaysagoodtimetovisit.(根据中英文提示拼写单词)【答案】mild【详析】考查形容词。句意：气候一年四季都很温和，所