河北省张家口市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省张家口市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912—1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld’sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparity(宇称理论)inphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu’scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914—2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918—2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson’scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”.TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria(疟疾).Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.1.Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________.A.composer B.producerC.actress D.mathematician2.WhatisTuYouyou’sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A.Shetreatedpeopleformalaria. B.Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions.C.SheisthefirstChinesNobelwinner. D.Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.3.Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommon?A.Theysharedthesameinterest. B.Theyeachconstructedatheory.C.TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize. D.Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.BAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasafightagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthefightagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills(毅力)!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.4.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor______.A.waswelltrained B.losthope C.feltfrightened D.madeuphismindtorun5.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toappreciatethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toshowhewasnotgoodatsports.C.Totellthereadersafunnystory.D.Toshareasweetmemory.6.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A.Hesucceeded. B.Hegaveuphalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend.7.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.CDoyouusetheweekendstocatchuponsleep?Ifso,youmaywanttorethinkthat.Sincethe1990s,scientistshaveunderstoodthatlackingsleepcanharmpeople’shealth.Thechangesitcausescanleadtoobesityanddiabetes.Yetinarecentsurvey,alittlemorethanoneineverythreeU.S.adultsreportedsleepingfewerthantherecommendedsevenhoursanight.Weekendsmayseemlikeagreattimetocatchuponsleep.Scientists,however,weren’tsurethatwouldwork.SoChristopherDiner,asleepphysiologistattheUniversityofColoradoandhiscolleaguesdecidedtotestitout.Theteamlookedatthreegroupsofpeopleintheirmid-20s.Forroughlytwoweeks,eachgroupfollowedasetsleepschedule.Onegroupsleptabouteighthourseverynight.Anothergrouponlygotaboutfivehoursofshuteyeanight.Thethirdgroupsleptsomefivehourseachweeknight,butcouldsleepwheneverandhowevermuchtheywantedovertheweekend.Thegroupswithlesssleepsnackedmoreatnight,gainedmoreweight,andsawtheirinsulin(胰岛素)sensitivitydropcomparedtothegroupgettingninehoursanight,saidthestudy.Thegroupthatreceivedtwodaystocatchuponsleepsawsomesmallimprovementsthatwerelostoncetheyreturnedtoashortersleepschedule.Peopleinthestudywhogottoolittlesleepeverynightgainedweight.Sodidtheweekendsleep-incrowd.“Intheend,wedidn’tseeanybenefitinanymetabolic(新陈代谢的)outcomeinthepeoplewhogottosleepinontheweekend,”ChrisDepner,anassistantresearchprofessorofthestudysaidinastatement.Insomecases,insulinsensitivityamongmembersofthegroupwiththeweekendtocatchupdeclinedmorethanthosewhoconsistentlysleptfivehoursanight,saidthestudy.8.WhydidDinerandhisteamconductthestudy?A.Toassistdoctors’work. B.Tofinishanassignment.C.Toprovetheirassumption. D.Toremovetheirdoubt.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthetest?A.Byusingaquestionnaire. B.Bycomparingthreesleeppatterns.C.Bytrackingonegroupfortwoweeks. D.Bymakingcause-and-effectanalyses.10.Whatdoweknowaboutcatchinguponsleepaccordingtothestudy?A.Itrequiresfurtherstudy. B.Itmakesnodifferencetohealth.C.Itmayleadtoaregularsleeppattern. D.Itmaybringmoreharmthanbenefits.11.Whatmaythefollowingparagraphprobablyfocuson?A.Waysofcatchinguponsleep. B.Benefitsofexerciseforsleep.C.Suggestionsonhealthysleep. D.Disordersfromlackingsleep.DModernmedicineandthelatesttechnologycansavemanylives.Ifyouliveinacountrywherehealthcareisreadilyavailableandaccessible,thenyourchancesofrecoveringfromillnessesoraccidentsareverygood.ButformanypeopleintheUSwhoareuninsured(无保险的),theycan’taffordthesenewmedicaltreatments.That’swhyDoctorDemetrioAguilainNorfolkletspoorpatientspayforsurgery(外科手术)throughvolunteerwork.“ForyearsIhadbeendoingsurgeryforpatientsandtakingcareoftheirhealthproblems.ThenIwouldfindoutmonthslater,sometimesyearslater,thatIhadcausedtheirfinancialruin,”Aguilasaid.Seriousillnessescancompletelydepleteafamily’ssavings,leavingthemnochoicebuttogobankrupt(破产).ThenheformedHealingHandsM25asawaytogivepoorpatientsthemedicalfeestheyneedbydonatingtheirtimetocommunityservice.Theprocessisprettysimple.Theypracticepartnerswithlocalcharitableorganizations.Thepatientpicksthecharityanddonateshistimeandsweat;Aguiladeterminestheamountofvolunteerhoursthepatienthastocomplete.“We’veloweredthecostofhealthcare.We’vemadeitfairforeverybodyinvolved,”Aguilasaid.ThefirstpatienttoparticipateintheprogramwasJeffreyJensonwhoworkedfor560hourstopayforsurgeryonhisleg.Jensonaskedhisfriendsandfamilytohelphimcompletethehours.Jensonsaidthathisvolunteerworkgreatlyaffectedhislifeasmuchasthesurgery.“TheM25programisnotaboutmoney—it’saboutifpeoplecometogethertohelpotherpeople,thenthecommunitybecomesbetter,”saidJenson.Thisprogramisabigwinforthepatients,thelocalcommunity,andDrAguilawhoknowshehasdoneeverythinghecouldtohelphispatients.12.HowdoesAguilamakepoorpatientspayforsurgery?A.Incash. B.Throughaninsurancecompany.C.Bydoingvolunteerwork. D.Byservingthedoctor.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inparagraph2mean?A.Setaside. B.Useup. C.Cutdown. D.Addto.14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.WhatHealingHandsM25does.B.HowHealingHandsM25works.C.WhyAguilarunsHealingHandsM25.D.WhypatientschooseHealingHandsM25.15.WhatisJenson’sattitudetowardstheM25program?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Unconcerned.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Don'tthinkit'sanimpossibletasktopassyourreadingtests.Lotsofpeoplehavesharedtheirsuccessfulreadingsecretshere.___16___Readapassagetwicebeforelookingupanunknownword.Ifyou'rereadingtogainnewvocabulary,youshouldtreatitasa“fillintheblanks”exercise.Atfirst,you'llhavetoreadeveryparagraphtwice.___17___Thesecondtimeyoureadit,focusonthewordsyoudon'tknow.Tryandworkoutwhateachwordmeansfromthesentencesbeforeandafter.Ifyouhadtoguessthemeaning,whatwoulditbe?___18___WheneveryouarereadinginEnglishandlearnanewword,don'tletitslipaway!Writeitdownwithashortdefinition(定义)oralittledrawing.Somestudentsliketokeepaspecificnotebookforthistheirownpersonaldictionaries!Severalstudieshaveshownthatwritingapieceofinformationdownonpaperhelpsyoutorememberitmoreeasily.Readoutloud.Ifyou'regoingtoputtimeinyourreadingskills,youmayaswellgetsomeextrapracticeforyourspeakingskillstoo!___19___It'sagreatwaytogetusedtospeakingEnglishtoo.Divideyourtimeintoskimreadinganddeepreading.Youshouldspendsomeofyourreadingtime“skim-readingtexts”.Thisway,youlearnhowtogetageneralsenseofwhat'sgoingonwithoutunderstandingeverysingleword.___20___Thisiswhenyoureallyfocusonunderstandingeverythingthat'sgoingon.A.Writedownnewwords.B.Tryreadingsomepassagesoutloudtoyourself.C.It'snormaltoforgethowtoreadwordscorrectly.D.Readingresourcesshouldbealittlehardforyoutoskim.E.Youshouldspendtherestofyourreadingtime“deepreadingtexts”.F.Followthesetipstomakeuseofyourreadingtimeaseffectivelyaspossible.G.Thefirsttime,you’llprobablygetthegeneralideabutbeconfusedbyafewwords.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manychildrenmaybefondofanimals,butfeweverthinkofmakingthestudyofanimalsastheircareer.Evenfewerwillbe____21____bythewholeworld,enjoyingthetitleofUnitedNationsMessenger(使者)ofPeace.Butonewomanhas____22____allthat.ShehaslivedwithchimpsintheAfricanforestformanyyearsandmadegreatdiscoveries.JaneGoodall’slifelong____23____inanimalsbeganatanearlyage.Bytheageof10or11,Goodall____24____goingtoAfricatolivewithanimals.Thiswasquiteastrangedreaminthosedays,asyounggirlsdidn’tthinkofhavingsuch“wild”actions.Butshewas____25____byhermother.Shetoldherthatifshereallywantedsomething,sheshouldworkhard,takeadvantageof____26____andnevergiveuplookingforaway.WhenaclosefriendinvitedGoodalltoKenyain1957,shereadily____27____it.Withinafewmonthsofherarrival,shemetthefamousanthropologist(人类学家)DrLouisLeakey,whosoondecidedthatGoodallwasthe____28____personhewaslookingfortobegina____29____ofwildchimpsontheshoreofLakeTanganyikainTanzania.Inthebeginning,studyingthechimpswasnoteasyforher.Theanimalsfledfromher_____30_____.Withastrong_____31_____,shesearchedtheforesteveryday,tryingnottogettooclosetothechimpstoosoon.Graduallythechimpsbecameusedtoherpresence.InOctober1960,sheobservedachimpmakingandusing_____32_____tofishfortermites(白蚁).Thisdiscoverythrew_____33_____onthepopularideaatthetimethatmanwastheworld’sonlytoolmaker.ThelongerGoodall’sresearchcontinues,themoreitbecomesobviousthatchimpsarevery_____34_____tohumans.Sincethemid-1980s,Goodallhasbeenlecturingaroundtheworldtoraisepeople’ssenseaboutenvironmental_____35_____.“Let’sliveinthenewagewithhope,respectforalllivingthings,understandingandlove.”shesaid.21.A.recognised B.known C.accepted D.admitted22.A.founded B.proved C.achieved D.realised23.A.study B.interest C.sense D.dream24.A.wasfondof B.wastiredof C.insistedon D.dreamedof25.A.encouraged B.prevented C.advised D.forced26.A.knowledge B.youth C.hope D.chances27.A.accepted B.refused C.received D.considered28.A.only B.last C.special D.first29.A.project B.study C.centre D.career30.A.insurprise B.inahurry C.asexpected D.infear31.A.will B.body C.desire D.mind32.A.nets B.tools C.holes D.spoons33.A.doubt B.light C.questions D.beliefs34.A.close B.similar C.friendly D.helpful35.A.improvement B.protection C.pollution D.destruction第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内的单词的正确形式。YuRong,aChineseartist,thinksofanewwaytointroduce___36___ancientstoryofHuaMulaninherpicturebook.Inthebook,IAmHuaMulan,shetellsthestoryby___37___(combine)paper-cuttingwithinternationalartisticstyles.SheplacesShaanxipaper-cutsoverwestern-stylepencilsketches(素描)___38___(create)atypicalpresentationofChineseelements(元素),whichturnsouttobea___39___(success)andimpressivebreakthrough.HuaMulan,___40___storyhasbeentoldbygenerationsinChina,isafighterfromtheNorthernWeiDynasty(386-534).Asadevoteddaughter,shedressedherselfasamantoserveinthearmy___41___placeofherfather.Mulan’scharacteristics,suchascourage,kindnessandadisinterestedattitudetowardfameandfortune,made___42___(she)oneofthemostrespectedhistoricalChineseheroics.Mulan’sstoryhasbeenadapted___43___(frequent)inmodernmedia,includingTVshows,videogamesandliterature.Forexample,in1998,DisneyproducedafilmnamedMulan,which___44___(consider)agreatsuccessbycriticsandthepublic.Tobettertellthestory,YuRongtakesinspirationfromherseveral___45___(visit)tositesofancientbattlesandHenanProvince’sYujuOpera.Afteryearsofpreparationshefinallymadethisextraordinarywork.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假设你是红星中学高二(1)班李华，你校《英语报刊》人物专栏征稿。请你用英语介绍一位你喜欢的人物。内容包括以下三部分：1.对该人物的简单介绍；2.喜欢该人物的理由；3.从该人物身上得到的启示。注意：词数不少80。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Mygreat-grandfathermygrandfatherandmyfatherarefarmers,andsoareallmyfamily.MyfatherhasafixedideathatIwouldbecomeafarmertoo.AlthoughIrespecthimandamindeedskilledatdoingsomefarmwork,Idon’tagreethatIshouldautomaticallyfollowinmyfather’sfootsteps.WhenIwasateenager,myfatherhappenedtotakemetoanairportwhichbelongedtooneofhisfriends.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadseenanaeroplaneinreallife.KnowingthatIhadneverbeenonboard,myfather’sfrien