2023年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析

全国硕士硕士入学统一考试英语（一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions;

Rea.th.followin.text.Choos.th.bes.word(s.fo.eac.numbere.blan.an.mar.A.B..o..o.AN

SWE.SHEE.l.(l.points)

Rea.th.followin.text.Choos.th.bes.word(s.fo.eac.numbere.blan.an.mar.A.B..o..

o.ANSWE.SHEE.l.(l.points)

Th.ethica.judgment.o.th.Suprem.Cour.justice.hav.becom.a.importan.issu.rece

ntly.Th.cour.canno._l.it.legitimac.a.guardia.o.th.rul.o.la._2.justice.behav.lik.politici

ans.Yet.i.severa.instances.justice.acte.i.way.tha._3,th.court,.reputatio.fo.bein.ind

ependen.an.impartial.

Justic.Antoni.Scalia.fo.example.appeare.a.politica.events.Tha.kin.o.activitma

ke.i.les.likel.tha.th.court,.decision.wil.b._4,a.impartia.judgments.Pble.i

.tha.th.justice.ar.no._5_b.a.ethic.code.A.th.ver.least.th.cour.shoul.mak.itsel._6_t.th.c

od.o.conduc.tha._7_t,th.res.o.th.federa.judiciary.

Thisandothersimilarcases8thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla

9betweenthecourtandpolitics.

Th.framer.o.th.Constitutio.envisione.la._10_havin.authorit.apar.fro.politics.T

he.gav.justice.permanen.position._ll_the.woul.b.fre.t._12,thos.i.powe.an.hav.n.ne

e.t._13.politica.support.Ou.lega.syste.wa.designe.tse.Ia.apar.fro.politic.precisel.be

caus.the.ar.s.closel._14_.

Constitutiona.la.i.politica.becaus.i.resultfro.choice.roote.i.fundamenta.socia.

_15.perty.Whe.th.cour.deal.wit.socia.polic.decisions.th.la.i._16,i.in

escapabl.political-whici.wh.decision.spli.alon.ideologica.line.ar.s.easil._17,a.unjus

Th.justice.mus._18,doubt.abou.th.court,.legitimac.b.makin.themselve._19,t.t

h.cod.o.conduct.Tha.woul.mak.ruling.mor.likel.t.b.see.a.separat.fro.poIitic.and._20

_.convincin.a.law.

l.[A]emphasize.[B]maintain.[C]modify.[0,recognize

2.[A]when.[B|lest.[C]before,[□.unless

3.[A]restored.[B]weakened.[C]established.[□.eliminated

4.[A]challenged.[B]compromised.[C]suspected.[D.accepted

5.[A]advanced.[B]caught.[C]bound.[D]founded

6.[A]resistant.[B]subject.©immune,[D]prone

7.[A]resorts.[B]sticks.[C]loads.[D]applies

8.[A|evade.[B]raise.[C]deny.[Djsettle

9.[A]line.[B]barrier.[C]similarity.[D]conflict

10.[A]by.[B]as.[C]though.[D]towards

ll.[A]s..[B]since.[C]provided.[D]though

12.[A]serve.[B]satisfy.[CJupset.|D]replace

13.[A]confirm.[B]express.[C]cultivate.[D]offer

14.[A]guarded.|B|followed.[C]studied.[D]tied

15.[A]concepts.[B]theories.[C]divisions.[D]conceptions

16.[A]excludes.[B]questions.[C]shapes.[D]controls

17.[A]dismissed.[B]released.[C]ranked.[D]distorted

18.[A]suppress.[B]exploit.[C]address.[D]ignore

19.[A]accessible.[B]amiable,[C]agreeable.[D]accountable

2O.[A]b.al.mesns.[B]atal.costs.[C]i..word.[D]a..result

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Rea.th.followin.fou.texts.Answe.th.question.belo.eac.tex.b.choosin.A.B..o.D.Mar.yo

u.answer.o.ANSWE.SHEE.l.(4.points)

Text1

Com.o.-

Everybody’.doin.it.Tha.whispere.message.hal.invitatio.an.hal.forcing.i.wha.mos.o.u.thin.o.w

he.w.hea.th.word.pee.pressure.I.usuall.lead.t.n.good-drinking.drug.an.casua.sex.Bu.i.he.ne.bo

o.Joi.th.Club.Tin.Rosenber.contend.tha.pee.pressur.ca.als.b..positiv.forc.throug.wha.sh.call.th.

anization.an.official.us.th.povve.o.grou.dynamic.t.hel.individual.improv.t

hei.live.an.possibl.th.word.

Rosenberg.th.recipien.o..Pulitze.Prize.offer..hos.o.exampl.o.th.socia.cur.i.action.I.Sout.Ca

ro)gra.calle.Rag.Agains.th.Haz.set.ou.t.mak.cigarette.uncoo

i.I.Sout.Africa.a.HIV-preventio.initiativ.know.a.LoveLmot.saf.se.amo

n.thei.peers.

Tmising,

an.Rosenber.i..perceptiv.observer.He.critiqu.o.th.lamenes.o.man.pubic-healt.cam

paign.i.spot-on.the.fai.tmobiliz.pee.pressur.fo.health.habits.an.the.demonstrat.se

riousl.flawe.understandin.o.psychology..Dar.t.b.different.pleas.don'.smoke!.plea

d.on.billboar.campaig.aime.a.reducin.smokin.amon.teenagers-teenagers.wh.desir

.nothin.mor.tha.fittin.in.Rosenber.argue.convincingl.tha.public-healtadvocate.ou

gh.t.tak..pag.fro.advertisers.s.skille.a.applyin.pee.pressure.

Bu.o.th.genera.effectivenes.o.th.socia.cure.Rosenber.i.les.persuasive.Joi.th.Cl

u.i.fille.wit.to.muc.irrelevan.detai.an.no.enoug.exploratio.o.th.socia.an.biologica.fa

ctor.tha.mak.pee.pressur.s.powerful.Th.mos.glarin.fla.o.th.socia.cur.a.it'.present

e.her.i.tha.i.doesn’.wor.ver.wel.fo.ver.long.Rag.Agains.th.Haz.faile.onc.stat.fundi

n.wa.cut.Evidenc.tha.th.LoveLduce.lastin.change.i.limite.an.mixed.

There'.n.doub.tha.ou.pee.group.exer.enormou.influenc.o.ou.behavior.A.emergin.bod.o.rese

work.o.friend.vi.socia.

communication.Thi.i..subtl.for.o.pee.pressure.w.unconsciousl.imitat.th.behavio.w.se.ever.day

Fa.les.certain.however.i.ho.successfull.expert.an.bureaucrat.ca.selec.ou.pee.group.an.stee.the

i.activitie.i.virtuou.directions.lt'.lik.th.teache.wh.break.u.th.troublemaker.i.th.bac.ro.b.pairi

n.the.wit.better-behave.classmates.Th.tacti.neve.reali.works.An.that,.ble.wit..socia.cu

r.engineere.fro.th.outside.i.th.rea.world.a.i.school.w.insis.o.choosin.ou.ow.friends.

21.Accordin.t.th.firs.paragraph.pee.pressur.ofte.emerge.as

[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

22.Rosenber.hold.tha.publi.advocate.should

[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

[B]learnfromadvertisers*experience

[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

23.1.th.author,.view.Rosenberg，.boo.fail.to

[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

24.Paragrap.5show.tha.ou.imitatio.o.behaviors

[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

25.Th.autho.suggest.i.th.las.paragrap.tha.th.effec.o.pee.pressur.i.

[A]harmful

[B]desirable

[C]profound

[D]questionable

Text2

.dea.i..deal-except.apparentl.,whe.Enterg.i.involved.Tpany..majo.energ.supplie.i.N

e.EngIvoke.justifie.outrag.i.Vermon.las.wee.whe.i.announce.i.wa.renegin.o..longs:andi

mitmen.t.abid.b.th.stric.nuclea.regulations.

Imise.i.woul.no.challeng.th.constituti

onalit.o.Vermont'.rule.i.th.federa.court.a.par.o..desperat.effor.t.kee.it.Vermon.Yanke.nuclea.

powe.plan.running.lt,..stunnin.move.

Th.conflic.ha.bee.surfacin.sinc..whe.th.corporatio.bough.Vermont,.onl.nuclea.powe.pla

nt.a.agin.reacto.i.Vernon.A..pan.agree.tsee.p

ermissio.fro.stat.regulator.t.operat.pas..I..th.stat.wen..ste.further.requirin.tha.an.extensio.o.th

.plant'.iicens.b.subjec.t.Vermon.legislature’.approval.Tpan.wen.along.

Eithe.Emitments.o.i.simpl.didn,.forese.wha.wo

ul.happe.next..strin.o.accidents.includin.th.partia.collaps.o..coolin.towe.i.20.an.th.discover.o.a

.undergroun.pip.syste.leakage.raise.seriou.question.abou.botVermon.Yankee'.safet.an.Ente

rgy’.pan.mad.misleadin.statement.abou.th.pipe.Enrage.b.

Entergy'.behavior.th.Vermon.Senat.vote.2.t.las.yea.agains.allowin.a.extension.

Npan.i.suddenl.claimin.tha.th.agreemen.i.invali.becaus.o.th.

ernmen.ha.regulator.powe.ove.nuclea.issues.Th.lega.issue.

i.th.cas.ar.obscure.whereath.Suprem.Cour.ha.rule.tha.state.d.hav.som.regulator.authoritove.

nuclea.power.lega.scholarsa.tha.Vermon.cas.wil.offe..precedent-settin.tes.o.ho.fa.thos.power.

extend.Certainly.ther.ar.vali.concern.abou.th.patchwor.regulation.tha.coul.resul.i.ever.statse

tit.ow.rules.Bu.ha.Enterg.kep.it.word.tha.debat.woul.b.besid.th.point.

Tpan.seem.t.hav.conclude.tha.it.reputatio.i.Vermon.i.alread.s.damage.tha.i.

ha.notin.lef.t.los.b.goin.t.wa.wit.th.state.Bu.ther.shoul.b.consequences.Permissio.t.

ru..nuclea.plan.i..pobli.trust.Enterg.run.l.othe.reactor.i.th.Unite.States.includin.Pil

gri.Nuclea.statio.i.Plymouth.Pledgin.t.ru.Ppan.ha.applie.fo.feder

a.permissio.t.kee.i.ope.fo.anothe.2.years.Bu.a.th.Nuclea.Regulator.Commissio.(NR

C.pany'.mise.fro.Enterg.ar.w

orth.

26.Th.phras.urenegin.onn(Lin.3.para.l.i.closes.i.meanin.t.

[A]condemning.

[B]reaffirming.

[C]dishonoring.

[D]securing.

27.B..th.agreement.Eende.t.

[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.

|B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.

[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.

[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.

28.Accordin.t.Paragrap.4.Eblem.wit.its

[A]managerialpractices.

|B]technicalinnovativeness.

[C]financialgoals.

[D]businessvision

29.1.th.author'.view.th.Vermon.cas.wil.test

[A]Entergy'scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.

|B]thematureofstates*patchworkregulations.

[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.

[D]thelimitsofstates,powerovernuclearissues.

30.1.ca.b.inferre.fro.th.las.paragrap.that

[A]Entergy'sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.

|B]theauthorityoftheNRCwillbedefied.

[C]EntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.

|D]Vermont'sreputationmightbedamaged.

Text3

I.th.idealize.versio.o.ho.scienc.i.done.fact.abou.th.worl.ar.waitin.t.b.observe.an.collecte.b

.objectiv.researcher.wh.us.th.scientifi.metho.t.carr.ou.thei.work.Bu.i.th.everyda.practic.o.scie

nce.discover.frequentl.folIplicate.route.W.ai.t.b.objective.bu.w.canno.e

scap.th.contex.o.ou.uniqu.lif.experience.Peres.influenc.wha.w.experience.

wha.w.thin.ou.experience.mean.an.th.subsequen.action.w.take.Opportunitie.fo.misinterpreta

tion.error.an.self-deceptio.abound.

Ctoscience.Simiia.t.newl.stake.mmin.

claims.the.ar.ful.o.potential.B

..matur.discovery.Tcess.throug.whic.th.individua.researcher'.me.here.n

munity’.anyone.anywhere.anytime.Objectiv.knowledg.i.th.goal.no.th.starti

n.point.

Oellectua.credit.But.unlik.wit.mi

munit.take.contro.o.wha.happen.next.Wpie.socia.structur.o.th.sci

munity.researcher.mak.discoveries.editor.an.reviewer.ac.a.gatekeeper.b.controllin.

cess.othe.scientistus.th.ne.findin.t.sui.thei.ow.purposes.an.finally.th.publi.(i

ncludin.othe.scientists.receive.th.ne.discover.an.possibl.accompanyin.technology.A..discover.

petin.belie

f.abou.th.scienc.an.th.technolog.involve.transform.a.individual,.mun

ity,.credibl.discovery.

Tcess.First.scientifi.wor.tend.t.fo

cu.o.som.aspec.o.prevailin.Knowledg.tha.i.viewe.a.incomplet.o.incorrect.Littl.rew

ar.accompanie.duplicatio.an.confirmatio.o.wha.i.alread.know.an.believed.Th.goa.i

.new-search.no.re-search.No.surprisingly.newl.publishe.discover.claiin.an.credibl

.discoverie.tha.appea.t.b.importan.an.convincin.wil.alway.b.ope.t.challeng.an.pote

ntia.modificatio.o.refutatio.b.futur.researchers.Sv

oke.disbelief.Nobe.Laureat.an.physiologis.Alber.Azent-Gyorgy.onc.describe.disco

ver.a.

“seein.wha.everybod.ha.see.an.thinkin.wha.nobod.ha.thought.Bu.thinkin.wha.n

obod.els.ha.though.an.tellin.other.wha.the.hav.misse.ma.no.chang.thei.views.Som

etime.year.ar.require.fo.trul.nove.discover.claim.t.b.accepte.an.appreciated.

I.th.end.credibilit.

uces.tha.correspond.t.wha.philosophe.Annett.Baie.ha.describe.

mon.o.th.mind.

“W.plet.eac.other'.reasonin.an.eac.other'.concept

ion.c.reason."

31.Aces.o.discover.i.characterize.b.its

[A]uncertaintyandcomplexity.

[B]misconceptionanddeceptiveness.

[C]logicalityandobjectivity.

[D]systematicnessandregularity.

32.I.ca.b.inferre.fro.Pces.requires

[A]sliidinspecliuii.

[B]sharedefforts.

[C]individualwisdom.

[D]persistentinnovation.

33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit

[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.

[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.

[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.

[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.

34.Alber.Szent-Gydrgy.woul.mos.likel.agre.that

[A]scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.

[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.

[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.

[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?

[A]NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.

|B|CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.

[C]EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience.

[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.

Text4

I.th.trad.unionis.Jimm.Hbabl.represen.civi.serva

nt.Whe.Hoffa，.Teamster.wer.i.thei.prim.i.l960.onl.on.i.te.Aernmen.w

orker.belonge.t..union.no.36.do.I.

th.numbe.o.unionist.i.America?.publi.secto.passe.tha.o.thei.fello.member.i.th.pri

vat.sector.I.Britain.mor.tha.hal.o.public-secto.worker.bu.onl.abou.l5.o.private-se

cto.one.ar.unionized.

Ther.ar.thre.reason.fo.th.public-secto.unions.thriving.First.the.ca.shu.thing.d

ow.withou.sufferin.muc.i.th.wa.o.consequences.Second.the.ar.mostl.brigh.an.well

-educated..quarte.o.America*.public-secto.worker.hav..universit.degree.Third.th

e.no.dominat.left-of-centr.poIitics.Som.o.thei.tie.g.bac..lon.way.Britain'.Labo.Par

ty.a.it.nam.implies.ha.lon.bee.associate.wit.trad.unionism.It.curren.leader.E.Milib

and.owe.hi.positio.t.vote.fro.public-secto.unions.

A.th.stat.leve.thei.influenc.ca.b.eve.mor.fearsome.Mar.Baldassar.o.th.Publi.Po

lic.Instituto.Californi.point.ou.tha.muc.o.th.state,.budge.i.patrolle.b.unions.Th.te

achers.union.kee.a.ey.o.schools.th.CCPO.o.prison.an..variet.o.labo.group.o.healt.ca

re

I.man.ric.countrie.averag.wage.i.th.stat.secto.ar.highe.tha.i.th.privat.one.Bu.t

.i.benefit.an.wor.practices.Politician.hav.repeatedl.

backloaded.public-secto.pa.deals.keepin.th.pa.increase.modes.bu.addin.t.holid

ay.an.especiall.pension.tha.ar.alread.generous.

Rcation.wher.cha

rte.schools.academie.an.meri.pa.al.face.drawn-ou.battles.Eve.thoug.ther.i.plent.o.

evidenc.tha.th.qualit.o.th.teacher.i.th.mos.importan.variable.teachers.union.hav.f

motin.goo.ones.

A.th.cos.t.everyon.els.ha.becom.clearer.politician.hav.begu.t.clam.down.l.Wis

consi.th.union.hav.rallie.thousand.o.supporter.agains.Scot.Walker.th.hardlin.Rep

ernor.Bu.man.withi.th.publi.secto.suffe.unde.th.curren.system.too.

Joh.Donahu.a.Harvard'.Kenned.Schoo.point.ou.tha.th.norm.o.cultur.i.Wester.civi

.service.sui.thos.wh.wan.t.sta.pu.bu.i.ba.fo.hig.achievers.Th.onl.America.public-se

cto.worker.wh.ear.wel.abov.$250,00..yea.ar.universit.sport.coache.an.th.presiden

.o.th.Unite.States.Bankers.fa.pa.packet.hav.attracte.muc.criticism.bu..public-secto.

ble.fo.Amenca.

36.1.ca.b.learne.fro.th.firs.paragrap.that

[A]Teamstersstillhavealargebodyofmembers.

|B|JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant.

[C]unionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.

[D]thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.

37.Whic.o.th.followin.i.tru.o.Paragrap.2?

[A]Public-sectorunionsareprudentintakingactions.

[B]Educationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership.

[C]LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.

[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.

38.I.ca.b.learne.fro.Paragrap..tha.th.incom.i.th.stat.secto.is

[A]illegallysecured.

[B]indirectlyaugmented.

[C]excessivelyincreased.

[D]fairlyadjusted.

39.Th.exampl.o.th.union.i.Wisconsi.show.tha.unions

[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.

[B]canchangepeople'spoliticalattitudes.

|C|maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.

[D]aredominantinthegovernment.

40.Joh.Donahue'.attitud.toward.th.public-secto.syste.i.on.of

|A]disapprovaI.

[B]appreciation.

[C]tolerance.

[D]indifference.

PartB

Directions:

I.th.followin.text.sorr.sentence.hav.bee.removed.Fo.Question.41-45.choos.th.mos.suitab

l.on.fro.th.lis.A-..eac.o.th.numbere.blanks.Ther.ar.tw.extr.choices.whic.d.no.fi.i.an.o.th.bl

anks.Mar.you.answer.o.ANSWE.SHEETl.(1.points)

Tplan.windo.an.realis.tha.yo.ar.flying.h

ighe.tha..bird.No.thin.o.you.laptop.thinne.tha..brown-pape.envelope.o.you.cellphon.i.th.pal.o.

you.hand.Tak..momen.o.tv/.t.wonde.a.thos.marvels.Y.true.

Th.secon.hal.o.th.20t.centur.sa..collectio.o.geniuses.warnors.entrepreneur.an.visionarie

.labou.tcreat..fabulou.machin.tha.coul.functio.a..typewrite.an.printin.press.studi.an.theatre.p

aintbrus.an.gallery.pian.an.radio.th.mai.a.wel.a.th.mai.cairier.(41)

Tpute.i.a.amazin.device.th.firs.medidu

ction.mean.o.distribution.sit.o.reception.an.plac.o.prais.an.critique.Tpute.i.th.21s.centu

ry'.cultur.machine.

Bputer.w.mus.als.trea.wit.caution.(42).cal.i..sec

re.wa.fo.tw.reasons.Fmercia.agenda.a.wor.t.ke

e.the.i.passiv.consumptio.mode.Sputer.t.uploa.

ar.no.eve.awar.o.th.significanc.o.wha.the.ar.doing.

Al.animal.download.bu.onl..fe.upload.Beaver.buil.dam.an.bird.mak.nests.Ye.fo.th.mos.pa

rt.th.anima.kingdo.move.throug.th.worl.downloading.Human.ar.uniqu.i.thei.capacit.t.no.onl.

mak.tool.bu.the.tur.aroun.an.us.the.t.creat.superfluou.materia.good..paintings.sculptur.an.arc

hitectur..an.superfluou.experience..music.literature.religio.an.philosophy.(43)

Fo.al.th.possibilitie.o.ou.ne.cultur.machines.mos.pecpl.ar.stil.stuc.i.downloa.mode.Eve.a

ductio.remains.wit.smai.numbe.o.peopl.u

ploadin.materiaL.mentin.o.o.modifyin.tha.content.an..hug.percentag.re

mainin.conten.t.jus.consume.(44)

T.ou.homes.Th.hardes.tas.tha.televisio.ask.o.anyon.i.t.tur.th.po

we.of.afte.h.ha.turne.i.on.

(45)

Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof

"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.

[A.O.course.i.i.precisel.thes.superfluou.thing.tha.defin.huma.cultur.an.ultimateLw

ha.i.i.t.b.human.Downloadin.an.consumin.cultur.require.grea.skills.bu.failin.t.inov

.beyon.downloadin.i.t.stri.onesel.o..definin.constituen.o.humanity.

|B]Applicationslike,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,words

andothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoadd

stickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.

[C]Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillennium

theyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsof

peopleeveryday.

[D]Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloading

anduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whoseoutcomewill

shapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.

[E]Thechallengethecomputermountstotelevisionthusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformat

beingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordplayersbeingreplacedbyCDplayers.

[F]Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepast

half-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-

television-andtelevisionisdefinedbydownloading.

[G]Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,to

encouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.

PartC

Directions:

R.Chinese.Yo

u.translatio.shoul.b.writte.clearl.o.ANSWE.SHEE.2.(l.points)

Sinc.th.day.o.Aristotle..searc.fo.universa.principle.ha.characterize.th.scientifi.enter

prise.I.monalitie.define.science.Newton，.law.o.motio.an.

D.singl.explicator.fram.work.

.(46)I.physics.on.approac.take.thi.impuls.fo.unificatio.t.it.extreme.an.seek..the

or.o.everything

一.singl.generativ.equatio.fo.al.w.see.I.i.becomin.les.clear.however.tha.suc..theor.w

oul.b..simplification.give.th.dimension.an.universe.tha.i.migh.entail.nonetheless.uni

ficatio.o.sort.remain..majo.goal.

Thi.tendenc.i.th.natura.science.ha.lon.bee.eviden.i.th.socia.science.too.(47)Her

e.Dmo.origin.i.seem.reasonab

l.tsuppos.tha.cultura.diversitcoul.als.b.trace.t.mor.constraine.beginnings.Jus.a.th.b

ewilderin.variet.o.huma.courtshi.ritual.migh.al.b.considere.form.o.sexua.selection.

perhap.th.world1.er

ne.b.universa.features.(48)T.filte.ou.wha.i.uniqu.fro.wha.i.share.migh.enabl.u.t.und

ple.cultura.behavio.aros.an.wha.guide.i.i.evolutionar.o.cognitiv.terms

That.a.least.i.th.hope.Bparativ.stud.o.linguisti.trait.publishe.onlin.toda.s

upplie..realit.check.RusseI.Gra.a.th.Universit.o.Aucklan.an.hi.colleague.conside.th.e

volutio.o.grammar.i.th.ligh.o.tw.previou.attempt.tfin.universalit.i.language.

Th.mos.famou.o.thes.effort.wa.initiate.b.Noa.Chomsky.wh.suggeste.tha.human

.ar.bor.wit.a.innat.Ianguage-

acquisitio.capacit.tha.dictate..universa.grammar..fe.generativ.rule.ar.the.sufficien.t.

unfol.th.entir.fundamenta.structur.o..language.whic.i.wh.childre.ca.lear.i.s.quickly.

(49)Thesecond,byloshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachto

universalityidentifyingtraits[particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymany

languagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitive

constraints

Gra.an.hi.colleague.hav.pu.the.t.th.tes.b.examinin.fou.famil.tree.tha.betwee.the.repr

esen.mor.tha.2,00.1anguages.(50)Chomsky,.gramma.shoul.sho.pattern.o.languag.

chang.tha.ar.independen.o.th.famil.tre.o.th.pathwa.tracke.throug.it.Wherea.Greenb

ergia.universalit.predict.stron.co-dependencie.betwee.particula.type.o.word-orde.r

elations.Neithe.o.thes.pattern.i.born.ou.b.th.analysis.suggestin.tha.th.structure.o.th.

erne.b.universals

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

.Sin.tyou.university.Writ.the.a.einai.i.th.nam.o.th.St

udents.Unio.to

1)extendyourwelcomeand

2)providesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifehere.

Yo.shoul.writ.abou.l0.word.o.ANSWE.SHEET2.D.no.sig.you.nam.a.th.en.o.th.letter

.Us."L.Ming.instead.

Donotwritetheaddress(10points)

PartB

52.Directions.writ.a.essa.o.l60-20.word.base.o.th.followin.drawing.I.you.essa.yo.should

1)describethedrawingbriefly

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

L【答案】B

【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句体现的是"―法官体现得像政治家”的

状况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，因此应当选

Gmaintain”维持，保持“，其他显然语义不通。

2.【答案】A

【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应当是有界线的，因

此这里应当是当法官像政治家同样行事，模糊了两者之间的区别时，就失去了其

作为法律卫士的合法性。只有B,when表达这个意思。

3.【答案】B

【解析】第二段给时详细事例阐明，法官出目前政治活动中会使法官形象受

损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。只有B,weaken能表达这个意思。

4.【答案】D

【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们

就会认为其审判不公正，因此选D,beacceptedas...”被认为是〃。

5.【答案】C

【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样B勺问题，部分原因在于"法官没有一道

德规范〃。后一句话说，至少法院应当遵守行为规范，这显然是深入阐明上一句

话。因此上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C,bound.

6.【答案】B

【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应当是说遵守行为规范,subject与t。

连用，表达"服从某物，受…支配"。故本题选

Bo

7.【答案】D

【解析】分析句子构造可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰阐明前面

的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守合用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。applyto

"合用于"符合题意。resortt。"求援于〃；stickto"坚持（原则等）〃语意不

通。

8.【答案】B

【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一种问题：法院和政

治之间与否还存在着界线。提出问题，产生问题月只能选raise。

9.【答案】A

【解析】根据第8题可知，空内应填line,“界线"。barrier"障碍"，

similarity"相似性"，conflict"冲突〃都不合题意。

10.【答案】B

【解析】根据句意，宪法的起草者们预想的是将司法从政治中分出来，让其

享有独立的）权力。envisionas"将…想象成。因此选B。

11.【答案】A

【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。本选项答案确实定需结合前句意思，制宪者意

在使法律不受政治B勺任何影响，这样一来，法官就可以免受掌权者的影响了c此

空就是考察由此所带来B勺成果，故选［A］。

12.【答案】C

【解析】此题承接上题，可知法律不受政治的影响，从而法官也不用紧张掌

权者

(thoseinpower)o

13.【答案】C

【解析】此题承接上题，结合句意，可知该半句重要体现"法官也无需政治

支持了。"选项C最符题意。

14.【答案】D

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。原句体现"我们B勺法律体系是法律完全不受政

治B勺影响，是由于这两者是紧密。。。。结合句意思,［D］最合题意.

15.【答案】A

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。文中说"宪法具有政治性，是因其的选择都是

植根于诸如自由，财产之类B勺基本社会。。。中。”自由，财产是西方社会E勺某

些基本社会理念或概念故选［A］。

16.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。首先分析该句，可知空白处添加上一动词可构

成一定语从句，限定"thelaw"。另一方面，文中语境体现"当法律处理社会政

策决策问题时，。。。B勺法律不可防止的具有政治性。四个选项中，［C］为最佳答

案。

17.【答案】A

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。可由文中语境得知，该半句重要体现"这也就

解释了为何背离思想路线的决策被看作是不公正的，从而被轻易的。结合语

境，以及四个选项的意思，可知［A］最佳。

18.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。由文中语境可知该句重要体现"法官必须…。

有关法庭（裁决的）公正合理的质疑。”四个选项中，仅［C］符合题意。

19.【答案】D

【解析】本题考察短语搭配及相似短语辨析。四个选项均可与连用，其中

accessibleto易靠近的;可归属的;可得到时可归因时

amiableto可亲，多指人和蔼可亲，易于靠近

agreeableto欣然同意B勺;适合H勺，合适时

accountableto对…负责

此题的理解需承接整个句，首先此空所在后半句乃一方式状语，承接前半句

阐明法官怎样来处理有关法庭（裁决的）公正合理的质疑。将此四个选项分别代入,

可得出对的答案［D］,法官只有对对行为准则负责，也即是遵照一定B勺行为准则

才可保证其裁决的公正与合理。

20.【答案】D

【解析】此题考察逻辑搭配。此句承接上句，意在阐明由此带来的成果也

即是文中所说的"…使得裁决看起来完全不受政治的影响，如法律一般令人

信服。"结合四个选项意思，可知选［D］。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

21.【答案】D

【解析】文章首段包括了两方面B勺内容，作者先简朴简介Peerpressure,再

弓I出TinaRosenberg在她的］新书JointheClub中对于peerpressure的）见解,

这篇文章是以一篇书评H勺形式出现。而题目"根据第一段，同伴压力时出现常常

是.，问H勺仅仅是同伴压力，并无波及到TinaRosenberg或者她的新书，因此

答案则应重要波及文章对于peerpressure的简介，而非Tina对于peer

pressureH勺见解。首段第三句说"（同伴压力）一股弓I起不好B勺事情，如酗酒嗑

药，乱交"，故答案选D,阐明同伴压力出现导致的成果，这里B勺答案使用了同义

替代的方式。

22.【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词"public・healthadvocates"可以定位到第三段

最终一句话"Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocates

oughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeer

pressure",即应当向广告商学习，这里重要是对于短语"takeapagefrom"

的理解，答案选B

23.【答案】A

【解析】根据题干”在作者看来,Rosenberg的书没能，所选答案是要

找出作者看来这本书的缺陷是什么。文章第四段第一句话说"不过，在…方面，

Rosenberg不太有说服力"，紧接着说"JointheClub中太多无关的细节।而

对于使同伴压力能产生如此大作用的社会和生物原因并未做足够的探究"，这句

话充足阐明了在作者心目中这本书的局限性在哪儿，故答案选A

24.【答案】C

【解析】这是一道细节题。文章第五段首句告诉我们peergroups确实会

对行为产生很大的影响，第二句详细阐明影响的内容，即好的）习惯和不好的习惯

都会通过社会交际在朋友圈中传递，最终一句则对这种影响进行了总结，“这是

同伴压力的细微体现，我们无意识地模仿平常所见到的行为"。而分析题干和选

项，我们发现该题是对"imitationofbehavior”进行归纳，回到原文,找到〃我

们无意识地模仿平常所见到H勺行为"，答案即刻清晰，这里是对unconsciously

一词进行了释义，因此C选项对时。

25.【答案】D

【解析】这道题考察作者对于peerpressure所能带来的影响B勺态度，作者

通过最终一段第一句话首先向我们表明他对"专家和其他官方人员与否能成功选

择同伴来引导他们的行为朝好的方向发展〃时不愿定，接下来以教师指导学生的

例子为阐明，得出结论"Thetacticneverreallyworks."（这个方略历来没有真

正起作用）。通过作者的这样一番描述，可以看出，作者对于peerpressure与否

能有效果是质疑的，故答案选D。

Text2

26.【答案】C

【解析】

reneging日勺原形是renege,本议是"食言""否认"之意，为反向意义词。

而四个选项中A中的］condemning意为"训斥""处刑"B中的reaffirming

意为"重申""再肯定再断言〃，C中的dishonoring的意为〃拒付，不兑付"，

在意思和方向上都符合D中securing意为"保证，使保险〃的含义。本文重要

在说Entergy这个企业不兑现自己的诺言，因此应选C项。

27.【答案】D

【解析】

本题答案定位在文中第三段每二句话，

A..pan.agree.t.see.permis

sio.fro.stat.regulator.t.operat.pas..°a..conditio.of,可以理解为"为了"，.

项中的"purchas."一词就是对文中"sale"B勺替代。

28.【答案】A

【解析】

题干："根据第四段Entergy企业似乎在它时•…上存在着问题"，题目中已

清晰把答案范围确定在第四段，通过阅读第四段我们可以看到Entergy企业出

现了一系列的事