河南省天立教育集团2024-2025学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省天立教育集团2024-2025学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThepopularityofachieving10,000stepsadayindicatesthatmanyofushavewelcomedthemessage:walkingisbeneficialforoverallhealth.Thislow-impactactivity,requiringnospecialequipmentbeyondasturdypairofsneakers,improveshearthealth,lungcapacityandweightmanagementwhilehelpingpreventseveralage-relateddiseases,includingtype2diabetes.In2023,theBritishJournalofSportsMedicinepublishedtheresultsofadataanalysisoftendifferentstudiesthatinvestigatedtheimpactofwalkingspeedontheriskoftype2diabetes.Thisstudy,whichpooledstatisticsfromover500,000peopleintheUS,Japan,andtheUK,revealedthatboth“fairlybriskwalking”and“stridingwalking”wereassociatedwithalowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetes,independentofthetimespentwalking.Astimedidnotemergeasasignificantfactor,theresearcherssuggestthatencouragingpeopletowalkatfasterspeedscouldimprovethehealthbenefitsofwalking,beyondsimplyincreasingtotalwalkingtimeorhittingaspecificstepcount.Relationshipsbetweenwalkingspeedandthereductionoftype2diabetesrisk:Averagepace3-5km/h15percentreductioninriskFairlybriskpace5-6.5km/h24percentreductioninriskJustbelowjoggingpace6.5km/h39percentreductioninrisk·Thetimespentwalkingwasnotadecisivefactor;instead,eachincreaseinspeedofonekilometreperhourcorrelatedwithaninepercentreductioninrisk.·Speedsexceeding4km/hwereassociatedwithalowerriskofthedisease.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutwalkingfromthepassage?A.Itisdemanding. B.Itiswellreceived.C.Itcancureheartdiseases. D.Itrequiresnoequipment.2.Atwhatwalkingspeedcanoneachievea24percentreductionintheriskoftype2diabetes?A.3-5km/h. B.5-6.5km/h. C.6.5km/h D.Above6.5km/h.3.Whichaspectofwalkingcanmostbenefithealth?A.Equipment. B.Time. C.Speed. D.Stepcount.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了步行对健康的益处，尤其是不同步行速度与降低2型糖尿病风险之间的关系，指出步行速度比步行时间和步数更能影响健康收益。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thepopularityofachieving10,000stepsadayindicatesthatmanyofushavewelcomedthemessage:walkingisbeneficialforoverallhealth(每天走10,000步的流行表明，我们很多人都接受了这样一个信息：步行对整体健康有益)”可知，步行受到了人们的广泛欢迎。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文中表格“Fairlybriskpace5-6.5km/h24percentreductioninrisk(相当快的速度5-6.5公里/小时，风险降低24%)”可知，当步行速度为5-6.5km/h时，能降低24%患2型糖尿病的风险。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Astimedidnotemergeasasignificantfactor,theresearcherssuggestthatencouragingpeopletowalkatfasterspeedscouldimprovethehealthbenefitsofwalking,beyondsimplyincreasingtotalwalkingtimeorhittingaspecificstepcount(由于时间并非一个重要因素，研究人员建议，鼓励人们以更快的速度步行可以提高步行对健康的益处，而不仅仅是增加总步行时间或达到特定的步数)”可知，步行速度对健康的益处最大。故选C项。BTimWilson,18,designedaspecialsoftrobot:Itgivesrelaxinghugs.Tim’ssisterfrequentlyhadtroublegettingagoodnight’ssleepasachild.“Isawtheeffectsofpoorsleeponherlife,”hesays.Manyofhisclassmatescomplainedaboutsimilarproblems.Whenitwastimetodoahigh-schoolresearchproject,hedecidedtodealwith“arealneedintheworld”.Hissolution—ahuggable,co-sleepingrobot—broughthimaFirstAwardintheRoboticsandIntelligentMachinescategoryatBarkerCollegeinSydney,Australia.“Otherroboticsleepaidsexist.Butuntilnow,nonecouldhugback,”Timsays.Hestartedbybuildingamonkeyrobotandwentontocreateakoalarobot,too.Huggingtherobotcausesitsarmstoreturnthehugger’shugthankstotheflexible,inflatabletubes(可充气管子)intherobot’sarms.Afiberoutsidethetubesworkslikeamuscle.Hismachinesdomorethanreturnhugs.Therobot’sstomachgentlyrisesandfalls.“It’squitecomforting,”Timsays.Theroboteventriestomatchits“breathing”ratetothehugger’s.How?Asensor(传感器)insidemeasurestheCO₂breathedoutbythehugger.Therobotthentriestomirrorhowfasttheuserisbreathing.Butthatpartprovedtricky.Afterall,abedroomfanmightbeenoughtothrowoffthegaslevels.Soit’snotalwaysgoingtobemirroringtheuserexactly.Therefore,aniceslowbreathingrateispreset.Timbelieveshisrobotsmighthelppeopleinothersettings,too.Somepeoplebenefitfromemotionalsupportdogs,forexample.Butsomeplacesmightnotallowanimals.Inasupercleanhospital,ananimalmaybringarisktosickkids.“Beingabletorelaxkidssufferingfromillnessesisquiteachallengingthing,”Timshares.“Butmyproductcoulddoit.”4.WhatinspiredTimtodesigntherobot?A.Thewidespreadsleeptrouble.B.Hisdesiretowinaroboticscompetition.C.Thelackofroboticsleepaidsinthemarket.D.Hisinterestinstudyingbreathingpatterns.5.WhatmakesTim’srobotspecialcomparedwithothers?A.ItsequipmentforremovingCO2. B.Itssoftandhuggablematerial.C.Itsabilitytomonitortheheartrate. D.Itsfunctionofrespondingtohugs.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Noanimalsareallowedinhospitals.B.Timisconfidentabouthisrobots’future.C.Emotionalsupportdogsarenolongerpopular.D.Moreimprovementisneededforthehuggingrobots.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTim?A.Responsibleandflexible. B.Honestandhard-working.C.Creativeandconsiderate. D.Humorousandstrong-willed.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了18岁的蒂姆·威尔逊设计了一款特殊的软体机器人，这款机器人能够给人拥抱，帮助改善睡眠。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Tim’ssisterfrequentlyhadtroublegettingagoodnight’ssleepasachild.Manyofhisclassmatescomplainedaboutsimilarproblems.(蒂姆的姐姐小时候经常难以获得充足的睡眠。他的许多同学也都抱怨着类似的问题。)”可知，蒂姆的妹妹小时候经常睡不好觉，他的许多同学也抱怨有类似的问题，这激发了蒂姆设计这款机器人的灵感。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“‘Otherroboticsleepaidsexist.Butuntilnow,nonecouldhugback,’Timsays.(确实存在其他机器人睡眠辅助工具，但到目前为止，还没有任何一款能够给予拥抱回馈。)”可知，蒂姆的机器人与其他机器人睡眠辅助工具不同的是，它能够回应拥抱。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘Beingabletorelaxkidssufferingfromillnessesisquiteachallengingthing,’Timshares.‘Butmyproductcoulddoit.’(“能够让生病的孩子放松下来是一件很有挑战性的事情，”蒂姆分享道，“但我的产品可以做到。”)”可知，蒂姆认为他的机器人能够帮助放松生病的孩子，这很有挑战性，但他的产品可以做到。由此可以推断出，蒂姆对他的机器人的未来充满信心。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Whenitwastimetodoahigh-schoolresearchproject,hedecidedtodealwith‘arealneedintheworld’.(当到了做高中研究课题的时候，他决定去解决“世界上一个真正的需求”。)”以及“Hissolution—ahuggable,co-sleepingrobot—broughthimaFirstAwardintheRoboticsandIntelligentMachinescategoryatBarkerCollegeinSydney,Australia.(他的解决方案——一个可以拥抱的、可以一起睡觉的机器人——为他赢得了澳大利亚悉尼巴克学院机器人与智能机器类别的一等奖。)”可知，蒂姆决定解决世界上的一个真正需求并且由此创造了一个可以睡觉的机器人，由此说明他有创造力；根据文章第三段中的“Theroboteventriestomatchits‘breathing’ratetothehugger’s.(这个机器人甚至试图让自己的“呼吸”频率与拥抱者同步。)”可知，蒂姆设计的机器人甚至试图使其“呼吸”频率与拥抱者匹配，这说明他体贴周到。故C项“Creativeandconsiderate.(有创造力和体贴周到的)”符合题意。故选C。CItisrarethattheCEOpraisesthevirtuesofsleepinglate.Accordingtoonestudy,two-thirdsoftheCEOsoflargeAmericancompaniesareupby6o’clock,whileforaverageAmericans,theshareislessthanonethird.Forfuturecorporateleaders,themessageseemsclear:yousnooze(打盹),youlose.Mikehasnosuchambitions.Buthe’striedwithearlystarts,andfindstheybringthesenseofsatisfactionthatcomesfromarrivingbeforeyoureditor—mailboxcanbeclearedandproblemssolvedbeforethefloodofmeetings,leavingyoufeelingwellpreparedforthedayahead.Earlybirdsarecertainlythoughthighlyof.Rollingintotheofficelateisunacceptableinmostcompanies.Astudypublishedin2020foundnightowls(猫头鹰)wereregardedasbeing“lazy”and“immature”.However,risingearlyisnotallupside.Thosepreparedtoreceiveworkwhenthebossarrivesmaybeassignedmoreofit.Urgenttasksoftencomeupduringtheday,meaningearlyarrivalsmayendupworkingjustaslateasothercolleagues.Wakingbeforesunrisealsorisksmakingyouabore.Someearlyriserscan’thelpdescribinghowmuchtheygotdonewhilenightowlshitthesnoozebutton.Othersgohomeearlyratherthansocialize.Nightowls,bycontrast,letloose.Intheeyesofmany,latenightsarethepreserveofyouth,whileearlymorningsareviewedasfortheelderly.Ifyou’dliketochangeyourbodyclock,itispossibletoendindisappointment,asitislargelydeterminedbygenes.Perhapsthebestadviceistostopworryingaboutyourbodyclock.Mostpeopleareneitherearlybirdsnornightowls,butinbetween,strugglingbothinthemorningandlateevening.Thatiswhymostofficesoperatebetween9and5andwhytheyoughttohavebreakrooms.8.WhatadvantagedoesMikefindinearlystarts?A.Gettingreadyforthework. B.Enhancingcreativethinking.C.Reducingworkloadpressure. D.Improvingsocialrelationships.9.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A.Nightowlsfeelmorestressed. B.Risingearlyisaltogetherbeneficial.C.Risingearlyprobablymeansgettingmorework. D.Onearrivingearlycanendupinworkingearlier.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“hitthesnoozebutton”inparagraph5mean?A.Letoutayawn. B.Sleepalittlelonger.C.Turnoffthealarm. D.Getuptomakebreakfast.11.Whatistheauthor’sfinaladviceregardingthebodyclock?A.Accepttheirgeneticdetermination. B.Prioritizenighttimeproductivity.C.Adjustitthroughconsistenthabits. D.Balanceworkwithregularbreaks.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了多数美国大公司CEO早起，早起者受认可，但也有弊端，如可能多干活、让人觉得无趣。对此文章指出生物钟多由基因决定，不必纠结，多数人介于两者之间。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Mikehasnosuchambitions.Buthe’striedwithearlystarts,andfindstheybringthesenseofsatisfactionthatcomesfromarrivingbeforeyoureditor—mailboxcanbeclearedandproblemssolvedbeforethefloodofmeetings,leavingyoufeelingwellpreparedforthedayahead.(迈克并没有这样的抱负。但他曾尝试过提前开始工作，结果发现这样做能带来一种满足感，那就是在编辑的邮箱还未清理完毕、问题还未解决之前就完成了工作——这样能让你在众多会议之前做好充分准备，从而感觉一切都很有条理)”可知，迈克觉得早起可以为工作做好准备。故选A。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thosepreparedtoreceiveworkwhenthebossarrivesmaybeassignedmoreofit.(那些愿意在老板到来时就做好准备迎接工作的人可能会被分配到更多的工作任务)”可知，早起可能意味着要完成更多的工作。故选C。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Wakingbeforesunrisealsorisksmakingyouabore.(清晨起床就有可能让你变得乏味)”以及下文“Nightowls,bycontrast,letloose.(相比之下，夜猫子们则尽情享受夜晚的时光)”可知，夜猫子们享受夜晚的时光，所以清晨睡得较久。故划线词意思是“睡得较久”。故选B。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ifyou’dliketochangeyourbodyclock,itispossibletoendindisappointment,asitislargelydeterminedbygenes.Perhapsthebestadviceistostopworryingaboutyourbodyclock.Mostpeopleareneitherearlybirdsnornightowls,butinbetween,strugglingbothinthemorningandlateevening.(如果你想改变自己的生物钟，可能会事与愿违，因为这在很大程度上是由基因决定的。或许最好的建议就是别再为自己的生物钟而烦恼了。大多数人都既不是早起的鸟儿，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间的类型，白天和晚上都难以保持良好的状态)”可知，关于生物钟，作者的最终建议是接受其由基因决定的事实。故选A。D“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,”and“Everyonehastherighttoexpresshisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant(心胸狭窄的).Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaskafriend“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit’sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,“It’spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm.AnewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviously,thejudgesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirlikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,carefullyarrivedatafterthoroughinvestigationandconsideration.Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidenceIseveryonefreetoexpresshisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.12.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwouldberegardedasintolerant?A.Someonewhocan’tputupwithothers’tastes. B.SomeonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinionsC.Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers’opinions. D.Someonewhoseopinionharmsotherpeople.13.WhatdoesthewritermeanbytheexampleofthenewFordcars?A.ItisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrandlikeFord.B.Personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged.C.Everyoneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers’opinions.D.Itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic.14.Howdoesconsideredjudgmentdifferfrompersonalpreference?A.Itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt. B.Itreflectspubliclikeanddislikes.C.Itisaresultofalotofargument. D.Itisbasedoncarefulthought.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ShouldAllOpinionsBeAttachedImportanceto?B.WhyShouldWeNeverChallengeOthers’Opinions?C.AreOpinionsPersonalTastesorReasonedJudgments?D.HowdoestheSupremeCourtDeliverLegalOpinions?【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“观点”这一概念，分析了不同类型的观点，如个人偏好和经过深思熟虑的判断，并讨论了是否可以挑战他人观点。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Forexample,youmayaskafriend‘WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?’Andhemayreply,‘Inmyopinion,they’reugly.’Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit’sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.(例如，你可能会问一个朋友‘你觉得新款福特汽车怎么样?’他可能会回答，‘在我看来，它们很丑。’在这种情况下，质疑他的说法不仅心胸狭窄，而且很愚蠢。因为很明显，他所说的观点指的是他的个人偏好，是一个品味问题)”可知，不能忍受别人的品味会被认为是心胸狭窄的。故选A项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Forit’sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,‘It’spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.’(因为很明显，他所说的观点指的是他的个人偏好，是一个品味问题。正如那句老话所说，‘争论品味问题是没有意义的’)”可知，作者以新款福特汽车为例，是想说明个人品味是不应该被质疑的。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Obviously,thejudgesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirlikesanddislikes.

Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,carefullyarrivedatafterthoroughinvestigationandconsideration.(很明显，法官们并没有分享他们的个人喜好，他们的好恶。他们陈述了经过深思熟虑的判断，这是在经过彻底的调查和考虑后谨慎得出的)”可知，经过深思熟虑的判断是基于仔细思考的。故选D项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“‘Opinion’isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostattachgreatimportancetoit.(‘观点’这个词如今被随意使用。人们用它来指代个人喜好、信念和判断。这种随意的用法或许不会造成太大混淆——前提是人们不过分看重‘观点’。可惜，多数人恰恰将其奉为圭臬)”、第二段中“Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.(这个标签准确吗？挑战别人的观点是不宽容的吗？这取决于你对‘观点’的定义)”和第四段“Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.(大多数所谓的“观点”介于这两个极端之间。它们既非纯粹的个人喜好，也非严谨的判断，但可能混杂着二者的成分。这些或多或少带有随意性的看法或信念，其形成过程或许有证据支撑，或许没有)”可知，文章围绕“观点”是个人品味还是经过推理的判断展开论述。C选项“‘观点’是个人品味还是经过推理的判断?”准确地概括了文章的主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ourhomesusealotofenergyeveryday.Thisenergyisusedforpurposeslikelighting,heating,cooling,andoperatinghomeelectricaldevices.___16___Actually,morethanone-fourthoftheworld’scarbondioxide—agasthatmakestheEarthwarmer—comesfromtheenergyusedinbuildings.Toprotectourplanet,weneedtofindwaystouselessenergyathome.Manypeoplethinktheymustbuynew,expensiveequipmenttosaveenergy.___17___Herearethreeeasythingsyoucando.Openawindow.Whentheweatherisnottoohot,suchasinspringoratnight,youdon’talwaysneedtoturnontheairconditioner.Openingawindowcanletfreshairinandmakeyourhomefeelcooler.Ifyouopentwowindowsonoppositesidesoftheroom,aircanflowthroughandmaketheroomfeelevenmorecomfortable.___18___Useceiling(天花板)fans.Fansdon’tmaketheaircooler,buttheymovetheairaround,whichhelpspeoplefeelcooler.___19___Insomeareas,usingfansinsteadofairconditioningcanreduceenergyuseandpollutionbyupto76%.Ifyouhaveafanathome,tryusingitmoreoften.Makeyourroofreflectsunlight.___20___Adarkroofabsorbsheat,butawhiteorsilverroofreflectsthesunlightaway.Thishelpsyourhomestaycoolerandreducestheneedforairconditioning.Youcantalktoabuilderaboutspecialreflectiveroofpaint.Itcanhelpyousavebothenergyandmoneyinthelongrun,A.Alightroofsavesmuchonenergybills.B.Theroofgetsalotofsunlightduringtheday.C.Theyusemuchlessenergythanairconditioners.D.Therefore,airconditionersarefarfromsatisfactory.E.However,usingtoomuchenergycancauseseriousproblems.F.Butinfact,therearesimpleandlow-costwaystoreduceenergyuse.G.Thissimpleactioncansaveupto45%ofcoolingenergy,dependingontheweather.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.C20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇环保类说明文，主要介绍了三种家庭节能措施。【16题详析】根据首段第二句“Thisenergyisusedforpurposeslikelighting,heating,cooling,andoperatinghomeelectricaldevices.(这种能量用于照明、加热、冷却和运行家用电器等目的)”以及空后的句子“Actually,morethanone-fourthoftheworld’scarbondioxide—agasthatmakestheEarthwarmer—comesfromtheenergyusedinbuildings.(事实上，世界上超过四分之一的二氧化碳——一种使地球变得更暖的气体——来自建筑中使用的能源)”可知，空既要承接第二句的能源话题，又要引出二氧化碳排放这一负面情况。选项E表示“然而，使用过多的能源会导致严重问题”满足承上启下的作用。故选E项。【17题详析】根据首段第二空前一句“Manypeoplethinktheymustbuynew,expensiveequipmenttosaveenergy.(许多人认为他们必须购买新的、昂贵的设备来节约能源)”以及空后的句子“Herearethreeeasythingsyoucando.(这里有三件你可以做的简单的事)”可知，空要引出“有办法减少能源使用”这一话题才能起到承上启下的作用。选项F表示“但事实上，有一些简单而低成本的方法可以减少能源的使用”符合要求。故选F项。【18题详析】根据“Openawindow.”部分首句“Whentheweatherisnottoohot,suchasinspringoratnight,youdon’talwaysneedtoturnontheairconditioner.(天气不是太热时，比如在春天或晚上，你不需要总是开空调)”以及空前的句子“Ifyouopentwowindowsonoppositesidesoftheroom,aircanflowthroughandmaketheroomfeelevenmorecomfortable.(如果你打开房间相对两侧的两扇窗户，空气就能流通，使房间感觉更舒适)”可知，空要说明天气的情况与开窗的方式结合在一起能节能以承接上文。选项G表示“这个简单的动作可以节省高达45%的冷却能源，具体取决于天气”符合要求，而且weather这个词是原词复现。故选G项。【19题详析】根据“Useceilingfans.”部分首句“Fansdon’tmaketheaircooler,buttheymovetheairaround,whichhelpspeoplefeelcooler.(风扇不会使空气变冷，但它们会使空气流动，这有助于人们感觉更凉爽)”可知，这是描述风扇的情况，空在其后，要和该句保持话题一致，即主语要用fans或they。选项C表示“它们使用的能源比空调少得多”符合要求，they是原词复现。故选C项。【20题详析】根据“Makeyourroofreflectsunlight.”部分中的“Adarkroofabsorbsheat,butawhiteorsilverroofreflectsthesunlightaway.

(深色屋顶会吸收热量，而白色或银色屋顶则会将阳光反射出去)”可知，这是描述屋顶颜色与吸热、反射阳光的关系。空在它之前，要总述屋顶与阳光的关系才能引出下文内容。B选项表示“屋顶在白天获得大量的阳光”符合语境。故选B项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Thepowerofpassionandperseverance(坚持不懈)At27,Ileftaverydemandingjobforanotherthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.What____21____mewasthatIQwasn’ttheonly____22____betweenmybestandworststudents—someofmystrongestperformersdidn’thavehighIQscores.Thatsetme____23____.Thingsoneneedstolearninseventhgradearesure____24____,butnotimpossible.Iwasfirmly____25____thateverystudentcouldlearnwelliftheyworkedhardenough.Ineducation,IQisconsidered____26____,butdoingwellinschoolandinlife____27____onmuchmorethanyourabilitytolearnquicklyandeasily.SoI____28____theclassroom,andwenttograduateschooltobecomeapsychologist.Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuper____29____settings,andineverystudy,myquestionwas:whoissuccessfulhereandwhy?MyresearchteamandIwenttoWestPointMilitaryAcademy.Wetriedtopredictwhichsoldierwouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwould____30____.WewenttotheScrippsNationalSpellingBeeandtriedtopredictwhichchildrenwould____31____farthestincompetitionandwin.Inallthosedifferentcontexts,onecharacteristic____32____asasignificantpredictorofsuccess.Itwasn’tIQ.Itwasgrit(毅力).Gritis____33____andperseveranceforverylong-termgoals.Gritis____34____yourfuture,dayinanddayout,andworkingreallyhardtomakethatfuturea____35____.Gritislivinglifelikeit’samarathon,notasprint(短跑比赛).21.A.depressed B.struck C.trapped D.embarrassed22.A.gap B.link C.balance D.choice23.A.imagining B.debating C.thinking D.dreaming24.A.fantastic B.tough C.typical D.interesting25.A.determined B.expected C.protected D.convinced26.A.automatic B.adjustable C.crucial D.common27.A.decides B.calls C.takes D.depends28.A.monitored B.left C.missed D.moved29.A.frightening B.boring C.challenging D.puzzling30.A.dropout B.putup C.turnaround D.payoff31.A.sacrifice B.advance C.qualify D.analyze32.A.faded B.remained C.happened D.emerged33.A.passion B.talent C.reason D.demand34.A.agreeingwith B.dealingwith C.goingwith D.stickingwith35.A.mark B.goal C.reality D.lesson【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了作者通过研究得出：成功的关键是毅力。毅力是对长期目标的激情和坚持，日复一日地坚持你的未来，并且努力工作使未来成为现实。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我印象深刻的是，智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距——我的一些表现最好的学生的智商分数并不高。A.depressed使沮丧；B.struck给……印象；突然想到；C.trapped把……困住；D.embarrassed使尴尬。由下文“IQwasn’ttheonly_______betweenmybestandworststudents—someofmystrongestperformersdidn’thavehighIQscores.”可知，智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距，这令我印象深刻，故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我印象深刻的是，智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距——我的一些表现最好的学生的智商分数并不高。A.gap差距；B.link联系；C.balance平衡；D.choice选择。由下文“betweenmybestandworststudents—someofmystrongestperformersdidn’thavehighIQscores.”可知，我的一些表现最好的学生的智商分数并不高，这说明智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距，故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我开始思考。A.imagining想象；B.debating辩论；C.thinking想；思考；D.dreaming做梦。由下文“Thingsoneneedstolearninseventhgradearesure_______,butnotimpossible.”和上文提到的智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距可知，在意识到智商并不是我最好的学生和最差的学生之间唯一的差距后，我开始对此思考，并进行研究，故选C。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人需要在七年级学习的东西确实很难，但学好并非不可能。A.fantastic极好的；B.tough艰难的，困难的；C.typical典型的；D.interesting有趣的。由下文“butnotimpossible.”可知，前后是转折关系，虽然七年级学习的知识很难，但是却能学好，故选B。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我坚信，如果每个学生足够努力，他们就能学好。A.determined有决心的；B.expected预料的；C.protected受保护的；D.convinced确信的。由下文“thateverystudentcouldlearnwelliftheyworkedhardenough.”可知，如果每个学生足够努力，他们就能学好，这是我坚信的事情，故选D。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在教育中，智商被认为是至关重要的，但是在学校和生活中做得好不仅仅取决于你快速轻松学习的能力。A.automatic主动的；B.adjustable可调整的；C.crucial关键的，至关重要的；D.common共同的。由下文“yourabilitytolearnquicklyandeasily.”和常识可知，智商被认为是至关重要的。故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在教育中，智商被认为是至关重要的，但是在学校和生活中做得好不仅仅取决于你快速轻松学习的能力。A.decides决定；B.calls打电话；C.takes拿走；D.depends取决于。由下文“onmuchmorethanyourabilitytolearnquicklyandeasily.”和上文提到的“everystudentcouldlearnwelliftheyworkedhardenough.”可知，努力学习是比较重要的，这说明在学校和生活中做得好不仅仅取决于你快速轻松学习的能力，还取决于努力学习，dependon固定搭配，意为“取决于”，故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我离开了教室，去读研究生，成为了一名心理学家。A.monitored监测；B.left离开；C.missed错过；D.moved移动。由下文“wenttograduateschooltobecomeapsychologist.”可知，我去读研究生，成为了一名心理学家，这说明我离开了学校，故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始在各种极具挑战性的环境中研究儿童和成年人，在每一项研究中，我的问题都是：谁在这里取得了成功？为什么？A.frightening可怕的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.challenging有挑战性的；D.puzzling令人困惑的。由上文“Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuper”和下文“settings”以及下文提到的“MyresearchteamandIwenttoWestPointMilitaryAcademy.”“WewenttotheScrippsNationalSpellingBee”我到一些具有挑战性的环境中研究可知，我在各种极具挑战性的环境中研究儿童和成年人，故选C。【30题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们试图预测哪些士兵会继续接受军事训练，哪些会退出。A.dropout辍学，退出；B.putup张贴；C.turnaround转身；D.payoff还清。由上文“Wetriedtopredictwhichsoldierwouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwould”和上文提到的我研究的问题是：谁在这里取得了成功？为什么？可知，我预测哪些士兵会继续接受军事训练，哪些会退出，以此来研究谁会取得成功，以及为什么。故选A。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来到全美拼字比赛，试图预测哪些孩子在比赛中进步最快并获胜。A.sacrifice牺牲；B.advance前进，进步；C.qualify使有资格；D.analyze分析。由下文“farthestincompetitionandwin.”可知，我预测哪些孩子在比赛中进步最快，然后获胜，故选B。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些不同的背景下，一个特征出现，成为成功的重要预测因素。A.faded褪色；B.remained提醒；C.happened发生；D.emerged出现。由下文“asasignificantpredictorofsuccess.”“Itwasgrit(毅力)”和上文提到的我进行一系列的研究可知，经过研究，我发现，一个特征，即毅力，出现成为成功的重要预测因素，故选D。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毅力是对长期目标的激情和坚持。A.passion激情；B.talent天赋；C.reason原因；D.demand要求。由下文“andperseveranceforverylong-termgoals.”可知，毅力需要对长期目标有激情，且坚持，故选A。【34题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：毅力就是日复一日地坚持你的未来，并且努力工作使未来成为现实。A.agreeingwith同意；B.dealingwith解决；Cgoingwith相配；D.stickingwith坚持。由下文“yourfuture,dayinanddayout”和上文提到的毅力是长期目标的激情和坚持可知，毅力是对长期目标的坚持，即需要日复一日地坚持。故选D。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毅力就是日复一日地坚持你的未来，并且努力工作使未来成为现实。A.mark记号；B.goal目标；C.reality真实，现实；D.lesson课。由上文“workingreallyhardtomakethatfuturea”可知，努力工作是为了使未来成为现实，故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asanecologicalbarrierandagoldenwaterway,theYangtzeRiverplays____36____importantroleinChina’ssocialandeconomicdevelopment.Accountingfor43.1percentofthenation’stotalpopulationand47percentofitsGDP,theYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisoneofthe____37____(active)regionsinChina.Atpresent,agreenindustrysystemisbeingshapedalongtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt,____38____thegreentransition(转变)oftraditionalindustriesspeedingup.Theregionisdevelopingsectorssuchaselectricvehicles,____39____(support)bygreenfundsandbondstofinancetechnologicalinnovation(革新).Inthefuture,thebeltneeds____40____(strengthen)ecologicalprotection,includingfurtherimprovingregulationand____41____(reduce)pollutionandcarbonemissions.Inter-provincialcooperationisessentialforgreengrowth.____42____(similar),workingtogetherwithBeltandRoadInitiativepartners____43____(be)ofgreatsignificance.Finally,itshouldalsoupgradetraditionalindustries,improveresourceuseandbuildagreen-techinnovationsystem,____44____canbetterpromotesustainabledevelopment.Bymakinguseof____45____(it)strengthsingreenindustries,theregioncancontributetoglobalpollutioncontrolandclimateaction.【答案】36.an37.mostactive38.with39.supported40.tostrengthen41.reducing42.Similarly43.is44.which45.its【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了长江作为生态屏障和黄金水道意义重大，其经济