2026年国家电网专业技术人员考试(电力英语)历年参考题库含答案

2026年国家电网专业技术人员考试(电力英语)历年参考题库含答案一、词汇与语法结构（每题1分，共20分）1.The______isadevicethattransferselectricalenergyfromonecircuittoanotherthroughinductivelycoupledconductors.A.GeneratorB.TransformerC.CircuitbreakerD.Insulator答案B2.InACpowersystems,thevoltageandcurrentfluctuatesinusoidallywithtime.ThefrequencyofthepowergridinChinais______Hz.A.50B.60C.100D.220答案A3.The______ofatransmissionlineisamajorconcernbecauseitleadstoenergylossandheatingoftheconductors.A.InductanceB.CapacitanceC.ResistanceD.Reactance答案C4.Smartgridsutilizedigitaltechnologyto______thereliabilityandefficiencyofthepowersystem.A.reduceB.monitorC.enhanceD.ignore答案C5.Iftheprimaryvoltageofatransformerishigherthanthesecondaryvoltage,itiscalleda______transformer.A.step-upB.step-downC.isolationD.distribution答案B6.Reactivepowerismeasuredin______andisessentialformaintainingvoltagelevelsinthegrid.A.WattsB.JoulesC.Volt-AmperesD.Volt-AmperesReactive答案D7.Theprocessofconvertingmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyisperformedbya______.A.motorB.generatorC.capacitorD.reactor答案B8.HighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)transmissionisoftenusedforlongdistancesbecauseithaslower______lossesthanHVAC.A.coronaB.resistanceC.inductiveD.capacitive答案A9.Protectiverelaysaredesignedtodetectfaultsand______thecircuitbreakertoisolatethefaultysection.A.closeB.tripC.resetD.bypass答案B10.The______isthepointinapowersystemwheretheshort-circuitcapacityisminimum,oftenusedforsystemgrounding.A.neutralpointB.busbarC.loadcenterD.feeder答案A11.Bytheendofnextyear,thenewsubstation______.A.willcompleteB.willbecompletedC.hascompletedD.iscompleting答案B12.Theinsulatormaterialmusthavehighenough______towithstandtheoperatingvoltagewithoutbreakingdown.A.conductivityB.dielectricstrengthC.flexibilityD.density答案B13.______theloadincreases,thevoltagedropacrossthetransmissionlineincreases.A.AlthoughB.UnlessC.AsD.Before答案C14.Powerfactorcorrectionisusuallyachievedbyaddingcapacitorstothesystem,whichsupply______power.A.activeB.apparentC.leadingD.lagging答案C15.Theswitchgearisusedtocontrol,protectand______electricalequipment.A.generateB.isolateC.transmitD.distribute答案B16.Asynchronouscondenserisasynchronousmotorrunningwithoutamechanicalload,usedto______reactivepower.A.generateorabsorbB.onlygenerateC.onlyabsorbD.store答案A17.The______isresponsiblefortheoveralloperationandcontrolofthepowergrid.A.dispatcherB.electricianC.engineerD.technician答案A18.Whenafaultoccursonthetransmissionline,theimpedance______.A.increasesB.decreasesC.remainsconstantD.becomeszero答案B19.Renewableenergysources,suchaswindandsolar,are______innature,posingchallengesforgridstability.A.constantB.intermittentC.reliableD.predictable答案B20.Itisrecommendedthattheequipment______regularlytoensuresafety.A.inspectsB.inspectedC.beinspectedD.isinspecting答案C二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）Theintegrationoflarge-scalerenewableenergyintothepowergridpresentsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Windandsolarpowerareenvironmentallyfriendlyandcanhelpreducegreenhousegasemissions.However,theiroutputdependsonweatherconditions,makingthem21.______.Toaddressthis,modernpowersystemsareevolvinginto"SmartGrids."ASmartGridutilizesadvancedsensors,communications,andcontroltechnologiesto22.____theflowofelectricity.Itallowsfortwo-waycommunicationbetweentheutilityandtheconsumer.This23.____demandresponseprograms,whereconsumerscanadjusttheirusageduringpeakhours.OnecriticalcomponentoftheSmartGridisthePhasorMeasurementUnit(PMU).PMUsprovidehigh-speed,synchronized24.____ofvoltageandcurrentphasorsacrossthegrid.Thisdatahelpsoperatorsmonitorsystemstabilityinreal-timeand25.____potentialblackouts.Energystorageisalsovital.Batteriescanstoreexcessenergywhengenerationishighand26.______itwhendemandpeaksorgenerationdrops.Thishelpsbalancesupplyanddemand.Furthermore,cybersecurityisamajor27.____.Asthegridbecomesmoreinterconnectedanddigital,itbecomesmorevulnerabletocyber-attacks.Protectingtheinfrastructure28.____maliciousactivitiesisatoppriorityforutilities.Inconclusion,whilethetransitiontoamoderngridiscomplex,itisessentialfora29.____andefficientenergyfuture.Itrequirescollaborationbetweenengineers,policymakers,andconsumerstoensurethe30.____ofthepowersystem.A.stableB.intermittentC.continuousD.cheap答案BA.stopB.disconnectC.monitorD.ignore答案CA.enablesB.preventsC.delaysD.cancels答案AA.estimationB.calculationC.measurementD.generation答案CA.causeB.preventC.ignoreD.start答案BA.wasteB.loseC.releaseD.destroy答案CA.benefitB.advantageC.concernD.feature答案CA.fromB.withC.byD.through答案AA.reliableB.expensiveC.dangerousD.simple答案AA.failureB.collapseC.reliabilityD.shutdown答案C三、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Passage1HighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)transmissionsystemshavebecomeacrucialtechnologyformodernpowergrids.UnliketraditionalAlternatingCurrent(AC)transmission,HVDCispreferredfortransmittinglargeamountsofpoweroververylongdistances(typicallyover600km)orviasubmarinecables.TheprimaryadvantageofHVDCislowerlosses.InAClines,lossesoccurduetoresistance,butalsoduetotheskineffectandchargingcurrents(reactivepower)whichincreasewithdistance.HVDCeliminatesreactivepowerlosses,makingitmoreefficientforlong-haultransmission.Additionally,HVDCallowsfortheasynchronousconnectionoftwoACgridsthatoperateatdifferentfrequenciesorphases.Thismeansthatafaultinonegridwillnoteasilycascadetotheother,enhancingoverallsystemstability.However,HVDCsystemsrequireconverterstationsatbothendsofthelinetorectifyACtoDCandtheninvertDCbacktoAC.Thesestationsareexpensiveandcomplex,requiringhigh-powerelectronicdeviceslikethyristorsorIGBTs.Therefore,thehighcapitalcostofconverterstationsoftenlimitstheuseofHVDCtospecificapplicationswherethedistancesavingsoutweightheterminalcosts.31.Accordingtothepassage,HVDCispreferredoverACforwhichofthefollowingapplications?A.Short-distanceurbandistributionB.HouseholdwiringC.Long-distanceorsubmarinetransmissionD.Low-voltagemotorcontrol答案C32.WhydoesHVDChavelowerlossescomparedtoACoverlongdistances?A.Itusesthinnerwires.B.Iteliminatesreactivepowerlosses.C.Itoperatesatalowervoltage.D.Itdoesnotrequireconverterstations.答案B33.WhatisthefunctionofconverterstationsinanHVDCsystem?A.Tostepupthevoltageonly.B.ToconvertACtoDCandDCbacktoAC.C.Tofilteroutharmonics.D.Tostoreenergy.答案B34.HowdoesHVDCcontributetosystemstability?A.Itincreasesthefrequencyofthegrid.B.Itallowsasynchronousconnection,preventingfaultcascading.C.Itgeneratesreactivepowerautomatically.D.Itreducestheneedforcircuitbreakers.答案B35.WhatisthemaindisadvantageofHVDCmentionedinthetext?A.Itcausesmoreradiointerference.B.Itcannottransmithighpower.C.Theconverterstationsareexpensiveandcomplex.D.Itrequiresverythickcables.答案CPassage2Acircuitbreakerisaswitchingdevicethatcanbeusedtomanuallyorautomaticallyopenandcloseanelectricalcircuit.Itsprimaryfunctionistoprotectelectricalequipmentandpersonnelfromdamagecausedbyovercurrentsorshortcircuits.Unlikeafuse,whichmeltsandmustbereplacedafteranoperation,acircuitbreakercanbereset(eithermanuallyorautomatically)toresumenormaloperation.Circuitbreakersarecategorizedbythearcquenchingmediumtheyuse.Oilcircuitbreakerswerecommoninthepastbutarebeingphasedoutduetoenvironmentalconcernsandmaintenancerequirements.SulfurHexafluoride(SF6)circuitbreakersarewidelyusedinhigh-voltageapplicationsbecauseTheoperatingmechanismofacircuitbreakeriscritical.Itmustbecapableofopeningthecontactswithinafewcyclesofthefaultdetectiontominimizedamage.Thetripcoilisenergizedbytheprotectiverelay,whichsensestheabnormalcurrentorvoltage.Oncethetripcoilisenergized,themechanicallinkagereleasesthestoredenergy(usuallyfromaspringorcompressedair)toforcethecontactsapart.36.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenacircuitbreakerandafuse?A.Afuseisfaster.B.Acircuitbreakercanbereset,whileafusecannot.C.Afuseisusedforhighvoltage,abreakerforlowvoltage.D.Abreakercannotbeusedforshortcircuits.答案B37.Whichtypeofcircuitbreakeriscommonlyusedformedium-voltageapplicationsduetoitscompactsize?A.OilcircuitbreakerB.AirblastcircuitbreakerC.SFD.Vacuumcircuitbreaker答案D38.WhyisSFA.Itischeapandreadilyavailable.B.Ithasexcellentdielectricstrengthandarc-quenchingproperties.C.Itisnon-toxic.D.Itdoesnotrequireasealingmechanism.答案B39.Whatcomponentenergizesthetripcoiltoinitiatetheopeningofthecircuitbreaker?A.ThespringB.ThetransformerC.TheprotectiverelayD.Theoperatingmechanism答案C40.Accordingtothepassage,oilcircuitbreakersarebeingphasedoutbecauseof______.A.highcostB.slowoperationC.environmentalconcernsandmaintenanceD.inabilitytohandlehighcurrent答案CPassage3DistributedGeneration(DG)referstoelectricpowergenerationfacilitiesthatarelocatedclosetotheloadtheyserve,typicallyconnectedtothedistributionlevelofthegrid.Thesesourcesoftenincluderenewableenergytechnologieslikesolarpanels,windturbines,andsmallhydroplants,aswellascombinedheatandpower(CHP)systemsusingnaturalgasorbiomass.TheriseofDGchallengesthetraditionalradialstructureofthedistributiongrid.Historically,powerflowsunidirectionallyfromthesubstationtotheconsumer.WithDG,powercanflowinreverse,fromtheconsumerbacktothegrid.This"bidirectionalflow"complicatesprotectionschemes,astraditionalovercurrentprotectionmaynotoperatecorrectly.VoltageregulationisalsomorechallengingbecausetheinjectionofpowerfromDGcanraiselocalvoltagelevelsbeyondlimits.Tomanagetheseissues,distributionautomationsystemsarebeingupgraded.Advancedinvertersforsolarandwindsystemscanprovide"gridsupport"functions,suchasvoltageregulationandfrequencyresponse.Furthermore,utilitiesareimplementingstricterinterconnectionstandardstoensurethatDGunitsdisconnectautomaticallyduringgridoutages(islandingprotection)toprotectlineworkers.41.WhatisDistributedGeneration(DG)?A.Generationlocatedatthetransmissionlevel.B.Generationlocatedclosetotheloaditserves.C.Onlynuclearpowerplants.D.Generationthatonlyusescoal.答案B42.HowdoesDGaffectthetraditionaldistributiongrid?A.Itsimplifiestheprotectionschemes.B.Itcausespowertoflowunidirectionallyonly.C.Itintroducesbidirectionalpowerflow.D.Itreducestheneedforsubstations.答案C43.WhydoesDGcomplicatevoltageregulation?A.Itlowersthefrequency.B.Itcanraiselocalvoltagelevels.C.Itincreasestheresistanceoflines.D.Itmakesthegridpurelyresistive.答案B44.Whatis"islandingprotection"?A.Protectingtheislandfromstorms.B.EnsuringDGunitsdisconnectduringoutagestoprotectworkers.C.Connectingthegridtoanisland.D.Amethodtostoreenergyonanisland.答案B45.Whatfunctioncanadvancedinvertersprovidetohelpthegrid?A.Theycangeneratereactivepoweronly.B.Theycanprovidevoltageregulationandfrequencyresponse.C.Theycanreplacethesubstationtransformer.D.Theycanincreasethelineresistance.答案B四、翻译（每题4分，共40分）A.英译汉46.Thepowerfactorisdefinedastheratiooftherealpowerflowingtotheloadtotheappare