北京大学英语阅读 2024-2025 学年第一学期期末试卷（模拟卷 含答案与解析）

北京大学英语阅读2024—2025学年第一学期期末试卷（模拟卷·含答案与解析）姓名：____________学号：____________院系：____________得分：__________使用说明：北京大学校内期末试卷不对外公开，本卷不是官方原卷，而是依据该校“英语阅读”类课程的教学目标——学术语篇的整体理解、篇章结构与论证逻辑分析、语境中的词义辨析、英汉转换——自主命题的模拟卷，题型、题量与难度对标大学英语四级后段至六级前段水平，供限时演练与查漏补缺使用。一、考试说明课程名称英语阅读（大学英语阅读类课程）适用学期2024—2025学年第一学期期末考试形式闭卷笔试，可使用纸质词典；不提供电子设备考试时间120分钟满分100分各部分分值与时序建议如下，实际考试可按个人强弱调整，但阅读部分建议始终保留55分钟以上。部分题型题量分值建议用时PartI词汇与结构（单项选择）1515分15分钟PartII完形填空（单项选择）1010分13分钟PartIII阅读理解（四篇、单项选择）2040分60分钟PartIV简答（限词作答）510分15分钟PartV英译汉（句子翻译）515分17分钟二、试题PartIVocabularyandStructure（15题，每题1分，共15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最符合句意的一项。1.Herconclusionrestedona______bodyofevidencecollectedovertwentyyears.

A)slenderB)substantialC)reluctantD)temporary2.Thenewfundingschemewasdesignedto______thegapbetweenurbanandruralschools.

A)broadenB)preserveC)narrowD)measure3.Hetendsto______hissources,quotingfrommemoryratherthanfromtheoriginalpapers.

A)verifyB)citeC)misrepresentD)summarize4.Thecommitteereacheda______decision:nooneobjected,andnooneabstained.

A)unanimousB)controversialC)tentativeD)partial5.Theevidenceis______atbest;wecannotbaseanationalpolicyontwosmallstudies.

A)conclusiveB)abundantC)anecdotalD)random6.Takingnotesbyhandforcesyouto______thematerialratherthancopyitdownwordforword.

A)skimB)paraphraseC)memorizeD)ignore7.Theuniversity’srarebookcollectionis______tothepubliconlytwiceayear.

A)relevantB)accessibleC)adjacentD)familiar8.Herearlyworkwaslargely______,butlatercriticscametorecogniseitsoriginality.

A)celebratedB)overlookedC)reprintedD)funded9.Thetwoaccountsoftheaccidentare______ononepoint:thecarwastravellingfartoofast.

A)contradictoryB)silentC)identicalD)dependent10.Weshouldnot______thedifficultyofthetask;itwilltakemonths,notweeks.

A)underestimateB)overtakeC)undergoD)overlook11.Theauthor’stonethroughouttheessayis______;sheneverallowsherselfamomentofenthusiasm.

A)restrainedB)exuberantC)sarcasticD)sentimental12.Asinglecarelesssentencecan______thecredibilityofanotherwisesolidreport.

A)enhanceB)undermineC)restoreD)duplicate13.Thelecturewas______byalivelydiscussionthatlastedwellpastnoon.

A)followedB)precededC)interruptedD)cancelled14.Manyfirst-yearstudentsfindithardto______theamountofreadingrequiredeachweek.

A)keepupwithB)lookuptoC)putupwithD)makeupfor15.Theclaimsoundspersuasiveuntiloneaskswhat______itsargumentactuallyrestson.

A)assumptionB)authorityC)evidenceD)traditionPartIICloze（10题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。Sleepwaslongregardedasapassivestate,anightlyshutdowninwhichthebodysimply(16)______fromtheday’sactivity.Researchoverthepasttwodecadeshasoverturnedthatview.Duringsleepthebrainisbusy:it(17)______memories,discardswhatseemsunimportant,andrehearsespatternsofactivitythatwillbeneededthenextday.Studentswho(18)______anight’ssleepbeforeanexam,hopingtogainafewextrahoursofstudy,mayfindthatthosehoursare(19)______:whattheyreadislessfirmlyfixedthanitwouldotherwisehavebeen.Theprocessappearstodependonthe(20)______betweentwokindsofsleep.Deepsleep,whichcomesearlyinthenight,seemsto(21)______newinformationinplace,whilethelightersleepoftheearlymorninghoursisthoughtto(22)______itintolastingform.Thismayexplainwhyanalarmthatcutsoffthelasttwohoursofsleepcandomore(23)______thanonethatwakesasleeperatthreeinthemorning.Noneofthismeansthatsleepcan(24)______hardwork;awell-restedstudentwhohasneveropenedthetextbookwillstillfail.Whatitmeansisthatsleepbelongstostudyitself,nottotheinterval(25)______periodsofstudy.16.A)retreatsB)recoversC)benefitsD)suffers17.A)erasesB)delaysC)consolidatesD)invents18.A)cutshortB)giveupC)putoffD)lookforwardto19.A)countedB)wastedC)borrowedD)misplaced20.A)conflictB)distanceC)interactionD)difference21.A)hideB)lockC)divideD)throw22.A)compareB)returnC)convertD)translate23.A)goodB)favourC)justiceD)damage24.A)replaceB)accompanyC)imitateD)reward25.A)behindB)beyondC)betweenD)withinPartIIIReadingComprehension（四篇，20题，每题2分，共40分）PassageAAgenerationofstudyadvicehastaughtstudentstoreadfaster:skimtheabstract,scanforkeywords,extractthemainideainninetyseconds,moveon.Speed,wearetold,isthepriceoflivinginanageofinformationoverload.Yetagrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatforcomplextexts,speedisnotavirtuebutatax.Considerwhathappenswhenyoureadadifficultparagraphslowly.Younoticethattheauthorhasusedthesamewordtwiceinthreesentences,andyouwonderwhy.Youcatcha“however”thatquietlyreversestheclaimmadetwopagesearlier.Youfeeltheargumentresistyouataparticularpoint,andyoustoptoaskwhethertheresistancecomesfromaweaknessinthetextorfromyourownunfamiliaritywiththesubject.Noneoftheseexperiencessurviveatfourhundredwordsperminute.Theyrequirewhatpsychologistscall“desirabledifficulty”:apaceslowenoughthatthemindmustwork,andworkvisibly.Thecaseforslowreadingisnotnostalgia.Itrestsonasimpleobservationaboutmemory.Informationthatismerelyencounteredleavesafainttrace;informationthatisprocessed,questionedandconnectedtowhatonealreadyknowsleavesadeeperone.Studentswhoannotate,argueinthemarginandsummariseintheirownwordsconsistentlyoutperformstudentswhohighlight,eventhoughhighlightingfeelsmoreefficient.Thedifferenceisnotamatteroftalent.Itisdepthofengagement.Thisiswhythemostusefulreadingtechniquemaybetheleastfashionable:readasection,closethebook,andwritedownwhatitsaidintwoorthreesentenceswithoutlooking.Theexerciseisuncomfortablepreciselybecauseitexposeswhatyoudidnotunderstand.Thatexposure,repeated,iswhatturnsapageofEnglishintoknowledgeyoucanactuallyuse.26.Whatistheauthor’smainargument?

A)Speedreadingshouldbeabandonedinallacademiccontexts.

B)Forcomplextexts,slowerandmoredeliberatereadingproducesbetterlearning.

C)Annotatingatextmattersmorethansummarisingit.

D)Studentstodayreadfarlessthanearliergenerationsdid.27.Thephrase“notavirtuebutatax”(Paragraph1)suggeststhatspeed

A)isaskillfewstudentscanmaster

B)isofficiallyrequiredbyuniversities

C)costsreadersunderstandingtheywouldotherwisegain

D)increasestheamountofmaterialonecancover28.AccordingtoParagraph3,whydoeshighlightingfeelmoreefficientthanannotating?

A)Ittakeslittletimeandgivesasenseofhavingstudied.

B)Itisrecommendedbymosttextbooks.

C)Ithelpsreadersrememberexactwording.

D)Itrequiresnounderstandingofthetextatall.29.Whatdoes“desirabledifficulty”refertointhepassage?

A)Alevelofchallengethatmakeslearningeffortfulandthereforemoredurable.

B)Atextsodifficultthatreadersmustconsultadictionaryconstantly.

C)Ateachingmethoddesignedonlyforadvancedstudents.

D)Thediscomfortofreadinginaforeignlanguage.30.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethat

A)readingspeedisirrelevantineverylearningsituation

B)thevalueofareadingmethodliesinhowdeeplyitengagesthemind

C)notestakenwhilereadingshouldbeasdetailedaspossible

D)difficulttextsshouldalwaysbereadtwicebeforebeingsummarisedPassageBOnasummernight,acitycanbefivetoeightdegreeswarmerthanthefarmlandtwentykilometresaway.Theeffect,knownastheurbanheatisland,isnotacuriosityofmeteorology;itisapublichealthproblem.Heatisalreadythedeadliestweatherhazardinmanycountries,andthepeoplemostexposedtoit—theelderly,thepoor,outdoorworkers—areoftenthosewiththeleastcapacitytoescapeit.Threemechanismsproducetheeffect.First,citiesarepaved.Asphaltandconcreteabsorbsolarradiationduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyaftersunset,sothecitykeepsradiatingheatlongafterthefieldshavecooled.Second,citiesarebuiltup.Tallbuildingstrapradiationbetweenthemandreducethewindthatwouldotherwisecarryheataway;anarrowstreetcanbeseveraldegreeshotterthananopensquareablockaway.Third,citiesgenerateheatoftheirown:vehicles,airconditioners,factoriesandserversalladdwarmthtotheair,andairconditioners,ironically,coolinteriorsbydumpingheatoutdoors.Vegetationisthemosteffectivecountermeasure,andthecheapest.Amaturetreeshadesthegroundbeneathitand,moreimportantly,coolstheairbyevapotranspiration—theprocessbywhichplantsreleasewatervapour,whichabsorbsheatasitexpands.Asinglelargetreecandotheworkofseveralsmallairconditioners.Yetplantingprogrammesoftenfailbecausetreesaretreatedasdecorationratherthaninfrastructure:theyareplantedwherethereisspace,notwhereheatisworst,andtheyarenotmaintainedthroughthedryyearswhentheymostneedwater.Reflectivesurfacesofferasecondroute.Paintingroofswhite,orinstallingmaterialsthatsendsunlightbackintotheatmosphere,canlowerthesurfacetemperatureofaroofbytwentydegreesormore,reducingbothindoorcoolingdemandandtheheatthebuildingreleasesatnight.Theobstaclehereisnottechnologybutmoneyandcoordination:roofsbelongtoindividualowners,whilethebenefit—acoolercity—issharedbyeveryone.Neithermeasureaddressesthedeeperquestionofwhomthecityisfor.Acoolerneighbourhoodisnotaluxurytobeaddedaftertheroadsarebuilt;itispartofthebasicserviceacityowesitsresidents.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A)Toexplainthecausesoftheurbanheatislandandevaluateresponsestoit.

B)Toarguethatlargecitiesshouldgraduallybeabandoned.

C)Tocompareruralandurbanweatherpatternsindetail.

D)Todescribehowairconditionersaremanufactured.32.AccordingtoParagraph2,tallbuildingsraisetemperaturesmainlyby

A)generatingheatthroughtheirlightingsystems

B)blockingwindandtrappingradiation

C)absorbingwaterfromthegroundbeneaththem

D)reflectingsunlightontothestreetsbelow33.Theword“ironically”(Paragraph2)pointsoutthatairconditioners

A)aretooexpensiveforpoorfamiliestoown

B)arerarelyusedindenselybuiltneighbourhoods

C)maketheoutdoorairhotterwhilecoolingrooms

D)consumemoreenergythanfactoriesdo34.Whydotree-plantingprogrammesoftenfail,accordingtotheauthor?

A)Treesgrowtooslowlytomakeanymeasurabledifference.

B)Treesareplacedandmaintainedasdecorationratherthanasheatinfrastructure.

C)Residentsdisliketreesinnarrowstreets.

D)Evapotranspirationisfarlesseffectivethanreflectiveroofs.35.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhattheauthorregardsacoolneighbourhoodas

A)atechnicalproblemtobesolvedbyengineersalone

B)amatterofindividualresponsibility

C)abasicentitlementofurbanresidents

D)anunaffordablegoalforpoorercitiesPassageCWelikestoriesinwhichasinglemindchangestheworld.Newtonundertheappletree,Einsteinatthepatentoffice,anovelistaloneinarentedroom:theimageissofamiliarthatwerarelyaskwhatitleavesout.Whatitleavesoutisalmosteveryoneelse.ConsiderthediscoveryofthestructureofDNA.ThetextbookversionfeaturesWatsonandCrick,twoyoungmeninCambridge,andafamousphotograph.ThefullerversionincludesRosalindFranklin’sX-raywork,whichthepairusedwithoutherknowledge;MauriceWilkins,whosharedtheNobelPrizewiththem;anddecadesofchemistrythatmadethephotographinterpretableatall.Thediscoverywasnotamomentofindividualinsightbutapointatwhichseverallinesofworkcrossed.Thismattersbeyondthehistoryofscience.Whenweattributeanachievementtooneperson,wemakethreequietmistakes.Weunderestimatetheroleofaccumulatedknowledge,sincethe“genius”isusuallystandingonagreatmanyshoulders.Wemisjudgehowideasactuallytravel,treatingconversation,disagreementandborrowedtechniqueasdistractionsratherthanasthemechanismitself.Andwedesigninstitutionsbadly:ifcreditisgivenonlytothevisiblename,thepeoplewhomakediscoveriespossible—technicians,librarians,reviewers,translators—havelittleincentivetostay.Noneofthisisanargumentforcommittees.Groupscanbeslow,timidanddominatedbytheloudestvoice;historyisfullofbrilliantindividualswhomtheirinstitutionsignored.Thepointisnarrowerandmorepractical:themythmisleadsusaboutwhereourownworkcomesfrom,andthereforeabouthowtoorganiseit.Studentswhobelieveinthelonegeniustendtohidetheirdraftsuntiltheyarefinished,avoidaskingforhelp,andreadcriticismasanattack.Studentswhounderstanddiscoveryasaconversationdotheopposite,andtheirworkimprovesfaster.Themythisflattering.Ittellsusthatifwearetalentedenough,wewillnotneedanyone.Theevidencesuggestssomethinglessromanticandmoreuseful:talentshowsitselflargelyinhowwelloneusesotherpeople’swork.36.Theauthor’smainpointisthat

A)scientificdiscoveriesarenowalwaysmadebylargeteams

B)theideaofindividualgeniusisamisleadingaccountofhowachievementsareproduced

C)WatsonandCrickdeliberatelystolecreditfromRosalindFranklin

D)universitiesshouldpaytechniciansandlibrariansmore37.TheDNAexampleisusedtoshowthat

A)competitionisthemaindriverofscientificprogress

B)NobelPrizesarefrequentlyawardedtothewrongpeople

C)discoveriesemergewhereseverallinesofresearchmeet

D)Cambridgewasthecentreofbiologyinthe1950s38.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthe“threequietmistakes”mentionedinParagraph3?

A)Underestimatingaccumulatedknowledge

B)Misunderstandinghowideasspread

C)Buildinginstitutionsthatrewardonlythevisiblename

D)Assumingthatgroupworkisalwaysmoreproductivethanindividualwork39.InParagraph4,studentswhobelieveinthelonegeniusaredescribedaslikelyto

A)sharedraftsearlyandinvitecriticism

B)hidetheirworkandavoidaskingforhelp

C)joinlargeresearchteamsassoonaspossible

D)readmorewidelyintheirfieldthantheirclassmates40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthe“lonegenius”storycanbestbedescribedas

A)uncriticallyadmiring

B)criticalbutnotdismissiveofindividualtalent

C)entirelydismissiveofindividualachievement

D)indifferentanddetachedPassageDEverytechnologythatremoveseffortseems,atfirst,tobeapuregain.Amapthattellsyouwheretoturnsavesyoufromgettinglost;awordprocessorthatcorrectsyourgrammarsavesyoufromembarrassment;asearchenginethatanswersaquestionsavesyouatriptothelibrary.Multiplythesesmallsavingsbythethousandsofdecisionsapersonmakesinaweek,andthecaseforconvenienceappearsunanswerable.Buteffortisnotonlyacost.Inmanydomainsitisthemechanismbywhichaskillisacquired.Thedriverwhonavigatesbymemorybuildsamentalmapofthecity;thedriverwhofollowsavoicefromthedashboarddoesnot,andstudiesofwayfindingsuggestthatthedifferencepersistsforyears.Thewriterwhostrugglestophraseanideadiscoverswhattheideaactuallyis;thewriterwhoacceptsthefirstsuggestionmayneverfindout.Conveniencedoesnotmerelyspareusthework.Itcanalsospareusthelearning.Thisisnotanargumentagainsttools,whichwouldbebothfoolishanddishonest,giventhatthisessaywastypedonakeyboardwithaspell-checker.Itisanargumentaboutattention:weshouldnoticewhichdifficultiesweareremoving,becausesomeofthemaretheonesworthkeeping.Ausefultestistoaskwhatataskwouldteachifitwereperformedthehardway,andwhetheronealreadyknowsit.Removingadifficultythatteachesnothing—retypinganaddress,convertingcurrenciesinone’shead—issimpleprogress.Removingadifficultythatbuildsjudgementissomethingelse.Thecommerciallogicoftechnologydoesnotmakethisdistinction.Productscompeteonease,andeaseismeasuredinsecondssaved,notincapacitiespreserved.Usersrarelyaskforobstacles,andfirmsthatsupplythemgooutofbusiness.Sothechoicefallstoindividuals,anditmustbemadedeliberately:somefrictionisworthdefending,notbecausedifficultyisnoble,butbecausecertainabilitiesonlygrowwhereitexists.41.Whichstatementbestsummarisestheauthor’sargument?

A)Conveniencealwaysharmslearninginthelongrun.

B)Technologycompaniesshouldbemorestrictlyregulated.

C)Someeffortisessentialtolearning,sonotallfrictionshouldberemoved.

D)Peopleshouldavoidusingmapsandspell-checkers.42.TheexamplesofdriversandwritersinParagraph2areusedtoshowthat

A)memoryislessreliablethananavigationdevice

B)skillsareacquiredthroughtheveryeffortthatconvenienceremoves

C)technologyinevitablymakespeoplelazy

D)professionalwritersrelyonfewertoolsthanothers43.Theauthormentionstypingwithaspell-checkerinorderto

A)admitthatheisnotacarefulwriter

B)criticisewordprocessorsasunreliable

C)showthathedoesnotopposetoolsingeneral

D)provethatcorrectspellingnolongermatters44.The“usefultest”inParagraph3involvesaskingwhether

A)thetaskcanbedonefasterbyamachine

B)otherpeoplehavealreadysolvedtheproblem

C)thetoolisaffordableforordinaryusers

D)thedifficultyteachessomethingthepersonstillneedstolearn45.Thetoneofthelastparagraphisbestdescribedas

A)alarmedandaccusatory

B)playfulandironic

C)neutralanddetached

D)cautiouslypragmaticPartIVShortAnswer（5题，每题2分，共10分）根据所读文章作答，每题不超过15个单词，不必抄写原文整句，但须句意完整、语法正确。46.AccordingtoPassageA,whatshouldareaderdoafterfinishingasection?（2分）47.AccordingtoPassageB,nametwoofthethreemechanismsthatproducetheurbanheatislandeffect.（2分）48.WhydoestheauthorofPassageBsaythatthebenefitofreflectiveroofsis“sharedbyeveryone”?（2分）49.AccordingtoPassageC,howdostudentswhobelieveinthelonegeniususuallytreattheirdrafts?（2分）50.InPassageD,whatdistinctiondoestheauthorsaycommerciallogicfailstomake?（2分）PartVTranslation（5题，每题3分，共15分）将下列句子译成汉语。要求忠实原意、行文通顺，注意分句之间的逻辑关系，不要逐词硬译。51.Informationthatismerelyencounteredleavesafainttrace;informationthatisprocessed,questionedandconnectedtowhatonealreadyknowsleavesadeeperone.52.Heatisalreadythedeadliestweatherhazardinmanycountries,andthepeoplemostexposedtoitareoftenthosewiththeleastcapacitytoescapeit.53.Yetplantingprogrammesoftenfailbecausetreesaretreatedasdecorationratherthaninfrastructure.54.Whenweattributeanachievementtooneperson,wemakethreequietmistakes.55.Conveniencedoesnotmerelyspareusthework.Itcanalsospareusthelearning.三、参考答案客观题答案与解析如下。建议先按120分钟完成整卷，再逐题对照；抄答案式的“对答案”收益很低，重点看解析中标注的定位位置与干扰项类型。PartIVocabularyandStructure（15分）题号答案解析1Basubstantialbodyofevidence指“大量而扎实的证据”；slender意为“微薄的”，与twentyyears矛盾。2Cnarrowthegap为固定搭配“缩小差距”；broadenthegap是“扩大差距”，与政策目的相反。3C后半句“凭记忆引用而非查原文”说明是“曲解、误引”来源，用misrepresent；cite本身不含贬义。4A“无人反对、无人弃权”即全体一致，unanimous；tentative是“试探性的”，与语境冲突。5Catbest提示“最多只能算……”，anecdotal（轶事性的、个例传闻的）与两项小样本研究相呼应；conclusive语义相反。6Bratherthancopyitdownwordforword提示用“改写、转述”，paraphrase。注意区分memorize（记住）与paraphrase（换说法）。7Bbeaccessibletothepublic指“向公众开放”；adjacent是“相邻的”，不接tothepublic表开放。8Bbut转折：早期被“忽视”，后来才被认可，选overlooked；celebrated与转折逻辑矛盾。9C冒号后同一个结论“车开得太快”说明两份陈述在这一点上“完全一致”，identical。10Aunderestimatethedifficulty意为“低估难度”；overtake指“超越”，与difficulty不搭配。11A“从不允许自己有一刻热情”即语气克制，restrained；exuberant恰好相反。12Bunderminecredibility是“损害可信度”的固定搭配；enhance语义相反。13Abefollowedby表示“之后接着发生了”；precededby次序颠倒，易错点。14Akeepupwiththereading指“跟得上阅读量”；putupwith是“忍受”，语义与搭配均不合。15Crestonevidence指“以证据为依据”，是全句论证的落点；assumption虽可搭配，但与“追问依据”的对比重点在evidence。PartIICloze（10分）题号答案解析16Brecoverfromtheday’sactivity指身体从白天的活动中恢复；与下文“并非被动关机”形成对照。17C与discards、rehearses并列，三个动词描述大脑夜间工作，用consolidatesmemories“巩固记忆”。18Acutshortanight’ssleep指“缩短睡眠”；后文“多挤出几小时”正是缩短夜间睡眠的动机。19B冒号后解释：读过的内容不如正常睡眠时记得牢，说明这几小时是“白费的”，wasted。20C两种睡眠之间的“相互作用”，interaction；后文分别说深睡与浅睡各自的功能，正是相互配合。21Block...inplace为固定表达“把……固定到位”；hide与inplace语义重复且不通。22CconvertAintoB“把A转化为B”，与intolastingform搭配；translate需接语言类宾语。23Ddomoredamagethan是固定搭配“造成的损害更大”，与前半句“砍掉最后两小时”一致。24A分号后说“没翻开书的学生照样不及格”，说明睡眠不能“替代”努力，replace。25Cbetween用于两者之间：睡眠属于学习本身，而不是两段学习之间的“间隔”。PartIIIReadingComprehension（40分）题号答案解析26B首段“speedisnotavirtuebutatax”与全文对慢读、深加工的论证共同指向B。A的all过于绝对；C是第三段的一个例证而非主旨。27Ctax在此为比喻，指“代价”：快速阅读换来的速度要以理解力为代价。D是速度的好处，方向相反。28A原文说highlightingfeelsmoreefficient，即“省力又有学过一遍的感觉”；文中未提教材推荐（B），也未说完全不理解（D）。29A破折号后的解释“slowenoughthatthemindmustwork,andworkvisibly”，即让学习付出努力因而更牢固的难度。30B全文的判断标准是engagement的深度。A的irrelevant绝对化；D的always无据。31A文章先讲危害，再列三条成因，最后评价两类对策，属“解释成因+评估应对”的说明文结构。32B原文trapradiationbetweenthemandreducethewind，B是原文的同义转述。33Cironically修饰“靠把热量排到室外来制冷”，即室内降温、室外更热。34Btreatedasdecorationratherthaninfrastructure是原文直陈原因，并附“种在有空地的地方、旱年不浇水