陕西渭南市2026届高三教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西渭南市2026届高三教学质量检测（Ⅱ）英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWeatherandClimateinYourNeighborhoodObjective:Toinvestigatepatternsandvariationsinlocalweatherandclimatebycomparinghistoricalweatherdataforyourcity.Timerequired:≤1dayMaterialavailability:ReadilyavailableCost:Under$20Resources·Afreeonlinedatabasewillbeusedtosearchforhistoricalweatherdata.Thissite()providesaccesstoalmostanytypeofweatherdata,includingradarandsatelliteimages,astronomicaldata,stormwarnings,andmore.·Checkoutbooksfromyourlocallibrarytolearnmoreaboutweatherandclimate.Materialsandequipment·ComputerwithInternetaccess·PencilandpaperProcedures·First,decidewhichhistoricaldatestouse.Thedatabasecontainsmonthlyaveragesformanylocalitiesdatingbacktotheearly1900s.Therangeofdatesavailableforselectionwilldependonhowfarbackthedataextendsforyourspecificcity.Chooseaseriesofmonthsandyears.·Decidehowyouwillorganizeandrecordyourdatainatable.·Gotoandsearchforyourcity.Onthecity’sweatherpage,locateandclickthe“History”buttontoaccessthehistoricaldatalookuptool.Youcanlookupminimum,maximumandaveragetemperaturesforaday,weekormonthinaspecificyear.·Lookupandrecordthecorrespondingaveragetemperatureforeachofyourchosenmonthsandyearsonyourdatasheet.·Createasummarygraphofthemonthlytemperaturesoveraone-yearcyclebysuperimposing(叠加)thedatafordifferentyearstodeterminewhethertheaveragetemperatureinyourareahasincreasedordecreasedovertheyearsandwhetheritfluctuates(起伏不定)orremainsconstant,andtoidentifyanyrecurringpatterns.1.Howcanthehistoricalweatherdatabefound?A.Bysearchingafreewebsite.B.Byconsultingaschoolteacher.C.Bycheckingoutbooksfromalibrary.D.Bywritingtothenationalweatherservice.2.Whyisasummarygraphcreated?A.Topredictfuturetemperaturetrends.B.Toidentifylong-termtemperaturetrends.C.Tocompareweatherdatafromdifferentcities.D.Torecordthecorrespondingaveragetemperature.3.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsarticleaboutclimatechange.B.Areportaboutascienceproject.C.Anadvertisementforaweatherwebsite.D.Asetofinstructionsforanexperiment.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一个名为“社区天气与气候”的科学探究活动，包括活动目标、所需资源、材料以及具体操作步骤，指导学生通过查询历史天气数据分析当地气温变化规律。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据原文Resources部分“Afreeonlinedatabasewillbeusedtosearchforhistoricalweatherdata.Thissite()providesaccesstoalmostanytypeofweatherdata,includingradarandsatelliteimages,astronomicaldata,stormwarnings,andmore.(将使用一个免费的在线数据库来查询历史天气数据。网站提供几乎所有类型的天气数据，包括雷达和卫星图像、天文数据、风暴预警等。)”可知，历史天气数据可以通过搜索一个免费网站获取，故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据原文Procedures最后一段“Createasummarygraphofthemonthlytemperaturesoveraone-yearcyclebysuperimposingthedatafordifferentyearstodeterminewhethertheaveragetemperatureinyourareahasincreasedordecreasedovertheyearsandwhetheritfluctuatesorremainsconstant,andtoidentifyanyrecurringpatterns.(通过叠加不同年份的数据制作一年周期内月均温的总结图表，以判断你所在地区的平均气温多年来是上升还是下降、是波动还是稳定，并找出重复出现的规律。)”可知，制作总结图表是为了确定长期的气温变化趋势，故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据全文结构中的Objective(目标)、Materialsandequipment(材料与设备)、Procedures(步骤；流程)等板块可知，本文是一套实验操作说明，故选D。BAbout15yearsago,ahumbleideaforahistoricalfictionserieseruptedintoaworldwideliteraryphenomenon,nowknownastheISurvivedseries.Everynoveltransportsreadersintothemiddleoftrue,real-lifecatastrophes.Whetheritisashockingweathereventorawidespreadplague(瘟疫),eachstoryillustrateshowakidrisestotheoccasion.In2010,LaurenTarshisreleasedherfirstbook.Shenevercouldhaveimaginedthatoverthenext15years,theserieswouldbecomeabestseller,printingover20millioncopiestodate.Tarshishaspublished25novelsintheseriesandhernewestreleasecameoutlastOctober.TarshisvisitedtheBlueWillowBookshop’sTweensReadBookFestivalatDobieHighSchoolinHoustonandspokeaboutherrecentnovel,inwhichaboynamedRayfightsthedangersoftheDustBowlinthePanhandleofTexas.“AlotofkidshavesuggestedthistopicandaskedforastoryabouttheGreatDepression.Sothisissortoftwobooksinone.MyresearchforthenewnovelwasexcitingbecauseIvisitedplacesIhadneverbeento.It’sbeenagreatexperience,”shesaid.Theideafortheseriesoriginatedinherfamily.Tarshis,amotheroffour,noticedhersonDylanwashavingahardtimefindingbooksheenjoyed.“Dylansaidtome,‘Iwanttoreadabookaboutacooltopicwithamaincharacterthat’sakidlikeme.’Thatwasreallyabiginspiration.Isawthatwhentherewasatopicfeaturingarealkidatitsheart,thosewerethestoriesthatkidsreallylikedtoread,”shesaid.Althougheachbookintheseriesmaybeaturner,themessagesandthemesarelong-lastingandimpactful.“Iwantkidstolearnabouttheworldandplacestheydidn’tknowaboutbutnowfeelconnectedto.Iwantthemtoseethatpeoplegothroughreallyhardthings,andit’snotjustaboutsurviving.It’sabouthealing,findinghelp,andbeingpatientaboutrecoveringfromsomethingscary.”4.WhatisakeyfeatureoftheISurvivedseries?A.Eachstoryissetduringthe20thcentury.B.Eachstoryisaboutachildinarealdisaster.C.Eachstorypicturesachild’srealschoollife.D.Eachstorypresentshistoricaleventsindetail.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3andparagraph4aboutTarshis’swriting?A.Itavoidshardshipandemotionaldepths.B.Itcentersonentertainmentovereducation.C.It’smainlybasedonpersonalexperiences.D.It’sreader-focusedwithmeaningfulthemes.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“turner”mean?A.Abookthatishardtoread.B.Abookthattellstruestories.C.Abookthatkeepsreadersengaged.D.Abookthatchangesreaders’habits.7.WhatmessageismainlyconveyedthroughTarshis’snovels?A.Historyisfullofunexpectedevents.B.Survivaldependsonluckandexternalhelp.C.Readingisthebestwaytounderstandthepast.D.Truecourageinvolvesenduringandovercominghardship.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《我幸存了》系列历史小说的创作背景、作者LaurenTarshis以及该系列如何通过以孩子为主角、重现真实灾难事件，来吸引读者并传递关于“生存与治愈”的深层主题。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Everynoveltransportsreadersintothemiddleoftrue,real-lifecatastrophes.Whetheritisashockingweathereventorawidespreadplague,eachstoryillustrateshowakidrisestotheoccasion.(每一本小说都将读者带入真实的生活灾难之中。无论是令人震惊的天气事件还是大范围的瘟疫，每个故事都展示了一个孩子是如何奋起应对的。)”可知，该系列的核心特征是每个故事都关于处于真实灾难中的孩子，故选B。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据原文第三段““AlotofkidshavesuggestedthistopicandaskedforastoryabouttheGreatDepression.Sothisissortoftwobooksinone.MyresearchforthenewnovelwasexcitingbecauseIvisitedplacesIhadneverbeento.It’sbeenagreatexperience,”shesaid.(她说：“很多孩子都提议过这个主题，还希望我写一个关于大萧条的故事。所以这本书有点像两本书合二为一。我为这部新小说做的研究很令人兴奋，因为我去了很多从未去过的地方。这是一段很棒的经历。”)”以及第四段“Isawthatwhentherewasatopicfeaturingarealkidatitsheart,thosewerethestoriesthatkidsreallylikedtoread(我发现，当一个故事的核心是关于一个真实的孩子时，那些是孩子们真的喜欢读的故事)”可知，Tarshis的创作以读者需求为中心，且主题具有深刻意义，故选D。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据原文第五段“Althougheachbookintheseriesmaybeaturner,themessagesandthemesarelong-lastingandimpactful.(虽然该系列的每本书都可能是一本turner，但它们传达的信息和主题却持久而有影响力。)”可知，前后构成转折让步关系，说明这本书不只是“好看过瘾”而已，它还有更深刻、更长久的价值。可知，“turner”指的是能让读者爱不释手、保持阅读兴趣的书，即让读者投入的书，故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据原文第五段““Iwantkidstolearnabouttheworldandplacestheydidn’tknowaboutbutnowfeelconnectedto.Iwantthemtoseethatpeoplegothroughreallyhardthings,andit’snotjustaboutsurviving.It’sabouthealing,findinghelp,andbeingpatientaboutrecoveringfromsomethingscary.”(“我希望孩子们去了解这个世界，了解那些他们从前并不知晓、如今却感到心生联结的地方。我希望他们明白，人们会经历非常艰难的时刻，而这不仅仅是活下去那么简单。更重要的是疗愈、寻求帮助，以及耐心地从可怕的经历中慢慢恢复。”)”可知，Tarshis的小说主要传达的信息是真正的勇气在于承受并战胜苦难。故选D。CTheworld’sappetiteforseafoodisgrowing,andtheindustryisracingtokeepup.Asaresult,mariculture—farmingseafoodintheocean—isexpandingrapidly.Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalNatureEcology&Evolution,suggeststhatmariculturecouldbeexpandedtofeedmorepeoplewhilereducingharmtomarinebiodiversity.ThestudywasledbyDeqiangMa,ascholarattheUniversityofMichigan.“Wecanachievethissustainablemariculturedevelopmentwithstrategicplanning,”saidMa.Maandaninternationalteamofresearchersdevelopedamodeltoanalyzewhatmariculturegrowthcouldbringtoover20,000marinespecies.Theteam’smodelcreatedabaselineformariculture’scurrentimpactandsimulatedhowitcouldchangeby2050underdifferentscenarios.Theresearchersalsofactoredintwoclimatechangemodels,whichassumedvaryinglevelsofwarmingandgreenhousegasemissions.Inthebest-casesituation,seafoodproductioncouldincreaseby2.36-foldcomparedtocurrentproduction,whiletheglobalmaricultureimpactwoulddecreasebyupto30.5%.However,theworst-casescenariopaintedacompletelydifferentpicture.Ifnewfarmswerebuiltinthemostecologicallysensitiveareas,thedamagetomarinebiodiversitycouldbemorethanfourtimesworsethanthedamagethatwouldhappeniffarmswereplacedrandomly.“Ourstudyshowsit’sessentialtousethegrowinginsightsacrossdisciplines,whetherit’sclimatechangescienceoreconomicsormarineproduction,”saidseniorstudyauthorNeilCarter,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.“Allthesedifferentpartshavetocometogetherfromothersourcestomaketheseforecasts.”Onekeytakeawayisthatthere’snouniversalsolution.WhatworksintheSouthPacificmaynotbeidealforcoastalEurope.Additionally,inallscenariosexamined,maricultureexpansioncouldnegativelyimpactsomemarinemammalslikewhales,seals,andsealions.Understandingthesetrade-offsisessentialforpolicymakerswhomustbalancefoodsecuritywithconservationgoals.8.Whatisthepurposeofthenewstudy?A.Todeveloptechnologiesformodernmariculture.B.Toreduceseafoodpricesbydevelopingmariculture.C.Tobalanceseafooddemandwithmarineconservation.D.Topromotemaricultureasanalternativetomarinefishing.9.Whatmainlydeterminesmariculture’simpactaccordingtothestudy?A.Thelocationofthefarming.B.Thespeedofclimatechange.C.Thetypeofseafoodbeingfarmed.D.Thesizeoftheglobalseafoodmarket.10.WhatdoesCarteremphasizeinparagraph5?A.Reducingseafooddemandworldwide. B.Usingknowledgefrommultiplefields.C.Expandingmaricultureintoalloceans. D.Prioritizingtheprotectionofmarineanimals.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangeplaysavitalroleinmariculture.B.Seafoodfarmingcansometimesbenefitbiodiversity.C.Mariculture’simpactscanbeeliminatedwithtechnology.D.Thereisn’tasingleglobalwaytoexpandseafoodfarming.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项发表在学术期刊上的新研究，该研究通过模型分析海水养殖的扩张方案，探讨如何在满足全球海鲜需求增长的同时，减少对海洋生物多样性的伤害，并指出海水养殖需因地制宜、综合多学科知识进行科学规划。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalNatureEcology&Evolution,suggeststhatmariculturecouldbeexpandedtofeedmorepeoplewhilereducingharmtomarinebiodiversity.(一项发表在《自然・生态与进化》期刊上的新研究表明，可以扩大海水养殖规模以养活更多人口，同时减少对海洋生物多样性的危害。)”可知，这项研究的目的是平衡海鲜需求与海洋保护，故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Ifnewfarmswerebuiltinthemostecologicallysensitiveareas,thedamagetomarinebiodiversitycouldbemorethanfourtimesworsethanthedamagethatwouldhappeniffarmswereplacedrandomly.(如果新养殖场建在生态最敏感的地区，对海洋生物多样性的破坏可能会比随意选址养殖场的破坏严重四倍以上。)”可知，养殖场的选址是决定海水养殖影响大小的主要因素，故选A。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据原文第五段““Ourstudyshowsit’sessentialtousethegrowinginsightsacrossdisciplines,whetherit’sclimatechangescienceoreconomicsormarineproduction,”saidseniorstudyauthorNeilCarter,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.

(该研究的资深作者、密歇根大学副教授NeilCarter表示：“我们的研究表明，充分利用跨学科领域不断积累的深刻见解至关重要，无论是气候变化科学、经济学，还是海洋生产研究。”)”可知，Carter强调的是运用多个领域的知识，故选B。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Onekeytakeawayisthatthere’snouniversalsolution.(一个关键结论是，没有放之四海而皆准的解决方案。)”可知，并不存在一种全球通用的海水养殖扩张方式，故选D。DCharactertraitsleadustothink,feel,andactincertainways.Whenseeingchildrenoranimalssuffering,acold-heartedpersonmightthinktheydeservewhatthey’regettingandneglecttheirsituationdayafterday.Acompassionateperson,however,mightfeelmotivatedtotakeactionandprovidesupport.Somecharactertraitshavetodowithbeingamorallygoodorbadperson,whileothersdonot.Clearly,honestycontributestobeingagoodperson,whilecreativitycouldbeusedineitheragoodorbadway.Themorallyrelevanttraitscomeintwovarieties—themoralvirtueslikehonestyandthemoralviceslikedishonesty.Themoralvirtuesarepositivequalitiesweshoulddevelop.However,beingavirtuouspersonismorecomplicatedthanitseems.Forexample,considerSamantha,whoholdsahigh-levelpositionatwork.Asshewasleavingtheofficelastnight,shehadachancetotakehomesomeofficesuppliesforpersonaluse,butshedidnot.Isthatenoughforustoconcludeshe’shonest?Theanswerisno,forwedon’tknowwhethershetakeshomesuppliesonothernights.Solet’schangetheexample.Supposeshenevertakeshomeanyofficesupplies,anddoesthatdothetrick?Theanswerisagainno,forwedon’tknowwhethershe’sdishonestinotherareasofherworklife.Shemightmisreportthecompany’staxestothegovernment.NowsupposethatSamanthaneverstealssuppliesfromthecompany,neverfalsifies(篡改)thecompany’staxreporting,andconsistentlyavoidssuchmisconduct.Howdoesthatsound?It’sstillnotgoodenough.Avirtuelikehonestyshouldextendtoallareasofone’slife—home,work,school,andalltherest.Anyhow,beingagoodpersonisneversimple.Thetruth,however,isthatcharacterismalleable.Througheverydaychoices,wecangraduallyshapewhoweare.Eachsteptowardhonesty,kindness,andcouragematters.Everytimewechooseintegrityoverdeceit,compassionoverindifference,andgenerosityoverselfishness,werefineourcharacter.Itisthisongoingpursuitthatgivesdepthandmeaningtoalife.12.Whatdoesthecontrastinparagraph1show?A.Inborntraitsdefineourcapacityforvirtues.B.Personalityshapeshowonerespondstosituations.C.Mostpeopletendtooffersupporttothoseinneed.D.Moraljudgmentinfluencesourreactionstosuffering.13.WhydoestheauthorgiveseveralversionsofSamantha’sstory?A.Toprovesmallactionsdeterminehonesty.B.Toexplainvirtuesrequirebroadconsistency.C.Toshowvirtuesbringprofessionalreputation.D.Torevealvirtuesaffectone’sdecision-making.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdevelopingcharacter?A.Skeptical. B.Unconcerned. C.Hopeful. D.Cautious.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoDevelopMoralVirtues B.Samantha:AModelofHonesty?C.CharacterTraits:BornorMade? D.TheComplexityofBeingVirtuous【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍了性格特质会影响人的思考与行为方式，拥有道德美德并非简单的单一行为，而是需要在生活各方面保持一致，同时指出性格是可以塑造的，通过日常选择能不断完善自身品德。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Charactertraitsleadustothink,feel,andactincertainways.(性格特质会引导我们以特定的方式思考、感受和行动。)”及“Whenseeingchildrenoranimalssuffering,acold-heartedpersonmightthinktheydeservewhatthey’regettingandneglecttheirsituationdayafterday.Acompassionateperson,however,mightfeelmotivatedtotakeactionandprovidesupport.(看到孩子或动物受苦时，冷酷无情的人可能会觉得他们罪有应得，日复一日地对他们的处境视而不见。而富有同情心的人，则可能会心生触动、主动采取行动，为他们提供帮助与支持。)”可知，第一段中的对比表明性格会塑造一个人对不同情况的反应方式，故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据原文第三段“Forexample,considerSamantha,whoholdsahigh-levelpositionatwork.Asshewasleavingtheofficelastnight,shehadachancetotakehomesomeofficesuppliesforpersonaluse,butshedidnot. Isthatenoughforustoconcludeshe’shonest?Theanswerisno,forwedon’tknowwhethershetakeshomesuppliesonothernights.(例如，以在公司担任高层职位的Samantha为例。昨晚她下班时，本有机会把一些办公用品带回家私用，但她没有这么做。这是否足以让我们断定她为人诚实？答案是否定的，因为我们不知道她在其他晚上是否会把办公用品带回家。)”及第四段“Supposeshenevertakeshomeanyofficesupplies,anddoesthatdothetrick?Theanswerisagainno,forwedon’tknowwhethershe’sdishonestinotherareasofherworklife.Shemightmisreportthecompany’staxestothegovernment.(假设她从不把任何办公用品带回家，这就足以说明问题了吗？答案依然是否定的，因为我们不知道她在工作的其他方面是否不诚实。她可能会向政府虚报公司税务。)”和第五段“Avirtuelikehonestyshouldextendtoallareasofone’slife—home,work,school,andalltherest.(像诚实这样的美德应该延伸到一个人生活的方方面面——家庭、工作、学校以及其他所有方面。)”可知，作者讲述Samantha的几个故事版本是为了说明美德需要广泛的一致性，故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Througheverydaychoices,wecangraduallyshapewhoweare.Eachsteptowardhonesty,kindness,andcouragematters.(通过日常的选择，我们可以逐渐塑造自己。迈向诚实、善良和勇敢的每一步都很重要。)”可知，作者对于性格培养的态度是充满希望的，故选C。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“However,beingavirtuouspersonismorecomplicatedthanitseems.(然而，成为一个有美德的人比看起来要复杂得多。)”以及第五段“Avirtuelikehonestyshouldextendtoallareasofone’slife—home,work,school,andalltherest.(像诚实这样的美德应该延伸到一个人生活的方方面面——家庭、工作、学校以及其他所有方面。)”及最后一段“Anyhow,beingagoodpersonisneversimple.

(总之，做一个好人从来都不是一件容易的事。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要论述了拥有道德美德并非简单的单一行为，即拥有美德的复杂性。因此D项“拥有美德的复杂性”能概括本文主要内容，适合作标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Betweensoccerpractices,musiclessonsandschoolprojects,manyfamiliesfindthemselvesquestioningwhetherthere’stimeorevenaneedfortheirchildrentodochoresathome.ButaccordingtoElizabethHarris,achildandadolescentpsychologist,askingkidstopitchinaroundthehousecanhavepowerfullifelongbenefits.Choresarenotjustaboutkeepingahouseclean.____16____Onethingthatoftensurprisesparentsishowchoresbuildempathy.Whenkidsunderstandwhatittakestomaintainahome,theybecomemoreawareofandgratefulforwhatothersdoforthem.Thatkindofperspectivecanbeagame-changerinemotionaldevelopment.____17____Duringtheschoolyear,kidsthriveonroutine.Butduringvacations,thatstructureoftendisappears.Addingafewregularresponsibilities,especiallyonesthechildhelpschoose,canprovidemuch-neededrhythmandstability.Assigningregularhouseholddutiescanalsoenhancechildren’scognitivedevelopment.____18____Theydevelopstrongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility.Thesearefoundationalskillsnotjustforsuccessinschool,butinlife.Sowhenshouldakidstart?Asearlyaspreschool.Youngerchildrenlovetofeelcapable.Simpletaskslikecleaninguptoysorwipingandsettingthetablefosterautonomy.____19____Theyincludemaintainingtheirroom,helpingcookmealsandmanagingpetcare.Harrisencouragesparentstoframethesenotaspunishments,butasopportunitiestogrow.____20____Butwhenthere’sroom,leanintothoseopportunities.Kidsdon’tneedtodoeverything,buttheyshoulddosomething.Givingchildrenandteensconsistent,age-appropriatechoresisoneofthesimplestandmosteffectivewaystohelpthemgrowintoresponsible,capableadults.A.Thebenefitsgoevendeeper.B.Choresalsoreinforcestructure.C.Whenlifegetsbusy,it’sokaytopullback.D.Theseareskillsthatservethemwell,farintoadulthood.E.Kidswhohavechoresaretypicallybetterself-managers.F.Forolderchildrenandteens,taskscanbecomemorecomplex.G.Childrenwhohaveage-appropriatechoresdevelopstrongerrelationships.【答案】16.A17.B18.E19.F20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子做家务的多种好处，并给出了不同年龄段孩子的家务建议。【16题详析】由上文“Choresarenotjustaboutkeepingahouseclean.(做家务不仅仅是保持房子干净。)”以及下文“Onethingthatoftensurprisesparentsishowchoresbuildempathy.(一件常让父母惊讶的事是家务如何培养同理心。)”可知，本空要表达家务带来的更深远的益处。A选项“Thebenefitsgoevendeeper.(好处还不止这些。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“benefits”与下文的“buildempathy”及“emotionaldevelopment”相呼应。故选A。【17题详析】由下文“Duringtheschoolyear,kidsthriveonroutine.Butduringvacations,thatstructureoftendisappears.Addingafewregularresponsibilities,especiallyonesthechildhelpschoose,canprovidemuch-neededrhythmandstability.(在学年期间，孩子们在规律中茁壮成长。但在假期里，这种结构往往会消失。增加一些常规的责任，尤其是孩子自己选择的，能提供急需的节奏和稳定性。)”可知，本段主要讲述了家务能帮助孩子建立规律与秩序。B选项“Choresalsoreinforcestructure.(家务也能强化秩序感。)”能概括本段内容，符合题意，该选项中的“structure”与下文的“routine”及“rhythmandstability”相呼应。故选B。【18题详析】由上文“Assigningregularhouseholddutiescanalsoenhancechildren’scognitivedevelopment.(分配常规家务也能促进儿童的认知发展。)”以及下文“Theydevelopstrongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility.(他们会发展出更强的工作记忆、更好的情绪调节能力和更强的思维灵活性。)”可知，本空要说明做家务对孩子能力的积极影响。E选项“Kidswhohavechoresaretypicallybetterself-managers.(做家务的孩子通常更擅长自我管理。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“betterself-managers”与下文的“strongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility”相呼应。故选E。【19题详析】由上文“Youngerchildrenlovetofeelcapable.Simpletaskslikecleaninguptoysorwipingandsettingthetablefosterautonomy.(年幼的孩子喜欢有能力的感觉。像整理玩具、擦桌子和摆餐具这样的简单任务能培养自主性。)”以及下文“Theyincludemaintainingtheirroom,helpingcookmealsandmanagingpetcare.(它们包括整理自己的房间、帮忙做饭和照顾宠物。)”可知，本空要引出年龄稍大的孩子可做的更复杂的家务。F选项“Forolderchildrenandteens,taskscanbecomemorecomplex.(对于年龄较大的孩子和青少年，任务可以变得更复杂。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“olderchildrenandteens”与上文的“Youngerchildren”形成对比，“morecomplex”与下文“strongerworkingmemory,betteremotionalregulationandmorementalflexibility”相呼应。故选F。【20题详析】由下文“Butwhenthere’sroom,leanintothoseopportunities.(但当有时间的时候，要抓住这些机会。)”可知，本空要表达生活忙碌时可以适当减少家务的内容。C选项“Whenlifegetsbusy,it’sokaytopullback.(当生活忙碌时，减少一些家务也没关系。)”能承接下文，符合题意，该选项中的“Whenlifegetsbusy”与下文的“whenthere’sroom”形成转折关系，“pullback”与下文的“leanintothoseopportunities”相呼应。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Notmany17-year-oldgirlsknowhowtosolder(焊)twosteelpipestogetherorfixabrokenwaterheater.Thesearethe____21____I’velearnedoverthepastthreeyearsasanassistanttomydadinhisone-manplumbing(管道)business.Mysummerjobdemandsanattitudeofperseverance,whichIfrequently____22____toadopt.Nevertheless,Ipersist.Eachmorning,Iwrestlemyselfintoapairofusedmen’sjeansthatmostofmypeerswouldbe____23____tobeseenwearinginpublic.AndthenIclimbintomyfather’splumbertruck.Generally,weworkindampbasementswhereIget____24____inmazesofstorageboxeslookingforthewatermeter.I____25____jumpovermessypilesofthings.Mymouthandnosearecoveredbyadustmask,andmyhandsare____26____.Tobehonest,plumbingischallengingforme,andIdislikeit.SometimesIquestionwhyI____27____thedustwhenIcouldfindanormaljobthatmoreclosely____28____theworkofmypeers.Yet,I____29____myselfforbeingsoeasilyannoyed.Afterall,theworldisbuiltbypeoplewillingtogettheirhands____30____.Thinkingaboutit,Ikeepcopingwithmessesallthetime.Lifeisaprocessof____31____themessesandlearningtocleanthemup,andplumbingworkisno____32____.Actually,apartfromtheawfulworkingenvironment,wemakeplentyofourownmesses,too.YetIknowclearlythatthoughmydadandIcreate____33____,wecreateorder,andIcanfinditineachnewly-solderedarrayofsteelpipes.Moreover,whenourworkis____34____byourcustomers,Iunderstandthat,inasmallway,webringordertotheirlives.Thephysicalandmental____35____ofplumbingareworthit.21.A.subjects B.ideas C.lessons D.skills22.A.desire B.decline C.struggle D.fail23.A.unable B.unwilling C.careful D.eager24.A.interested B.hidden C.deserted D.lost25.A.constantly B.occasionally C.casually D.typically26.A.softened B.brightened C.blackened D.tightened27.A.remove B.endure C.forget D.maintain28.A.includes B.matches C.resembles D.supports29.A.lookdownupon B.putupwith C.standupfor D.lookforwardto30.A.sweaty B.dirty C.busy D.strong31.A.accepting B.resisting C.tolerating D.ignoring32.A.sense B.problem C.objection D.exception33.A.tension B.chaos C.loss D.crisis34.A.evaluated B.investigated C.appreciated D.rejected35.A.consequences B.discomforts C.influences D.discoveries【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.A26.C27.B28.C29.A30.B31.A32.D33.B34.C35.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了17岁女孩利用暑假给做管道工的父亲当助手，工作环境脏乱差、活儿又脏又累，她虽时常不情愿，但在历练中感悟到：生活本就要接纳混乱、学会收拾烂摊子。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些是我在过去三年里给父亲的单人管道生意当助手学到的技能。A.subjects科目；B.ideas想法；C.lessons课程；D.skills技能。根据前文“soldertwosteelpipestogetherorfixabrokenwaterheater”可知，焊接钢管或修理热水器都是实用技能，故选D。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的暑期工作需要坚持不懈的态度，而我常常难以做到。A.desire渴望；B.decline拒绝；C.struggle努力；难以应付；D.fail失败。根据后文“Nevertheless,Ipersist”可知，作者一开始“难以坚持”，struggletodo表示“艰难地做”，符合语境，故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我费力穿上一条旧的男式牛仔裤，大多数同龄人都不愿当众穿这种裤子。A.unable不能的；B.unwilling不愿意的；C.careful小心的；D.eager渴望的。根据前文“usedmen’sjeans”及常识可知，女孩们通常不愿穿旧男裤出门，故选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常，我们在潮湿的地下室工作，我在迷宫般的储物箱间迷路，寻找水表。A.interested感兴趣的；B.hidden隐藏的；C.deserted被遗弃的；D.lost迷路的。根据后文“mazesofstorageboxes”可知，作者容易迷路，故选D。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不断地跳过杂乱的东西堆。A.constantly不断地；经常；B.occasionally偶尔；C.casually随意地；D.typically典型地。根据前文“weworkindampbasements”及“inmazesofstorageboxes”结合地下室脏乱的环境，杂物多，所以“不断地”要跨过去，故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的口鼻戴着防尘口罩，双手黑乎乎的。A.softened变软；B.brightened变亮；C.blackened变黑；D.tightened绷紧。根据前文“tosoldertwosteelpipestogetherorfixabrokenwaterheater”可知，管道工干活会沾油污、灰尘，手会“变黑”，故选C。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候我会疑惑，既然我能找一份和同龄人工作更相似的普通工作，为什么还要忍受这些灰尘。A.remove移除；B.endure忍受；C.forget忘记；D.maintain维持。根据后文“whenIcouldfindanormaljob”可知，作者在反问自己，既然有更好的选择，为何要“忍受”这样脏乱的环境，故选B。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.includes包含；B.matches匹配；C.resembles类似；D.supports支持。根据前文“Icouldfindanormaljob”及后文“theworkofmypeers”可知，普通正常的工作就是同龄人都在从事的工作，二者相似，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，我瞧不起自己这么容易就烦躁。A.lookdownupon看不起；B.putupwith忍受；C.standupfor支持；D.lookforwardto期待。根据后文“Afterall,theworldisbuiltbypeoplewillingtogettheirhandsdirty”可知，作者反思自己，“看不起”自己的娇气，故选A。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，世界是由愿意把手弄脏的人建造的。A.sweaty出汗的；B.dirty脏的；C.busy忙碌的；D.strong强壮的。根据前文“myhandsare”可知，管道工干活手会变脏，gethandsdirty是固定表达，指“干粗活、脏活”，故选B。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活是一个接纳混乱并学会收拾它们的过程，管道工作也不例外。A.accepting接受；接纳；B.resisting抵抗；C.tolerating容忍；D.ignoring忽视。结合前文作者被迫适应脏乱环境及后文“learningtocleanthemup”可知，作者要表达积极向上的含义，感悟生活要“接纳”混乱，故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.sense感觉；B.problem问题；C.objection反对；D.exception例外。根据前文“Lifeisaprocessof

themessesandlearningtocleanthemup”可知，管道工作和生活的道理一致，noexception表示“不例外”，故选D。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我清楚，虽然我和父亲制造混乱，但我们也创造秩序，在每一段新焊接的钢管阵列中，我都能看到秩序。A.tension紧张；B.chaos混乱；C.loss损失；D.crisis危机。根据前文“Lifeisaprocesso