高考语法复习：长难句 导学案（重难点、易错点+高考模拟+强化训练）（含解析）-2026届高三英语复习

高考语法复习：长难句（重难点、易错点+高考模拟+强化训练）一、长难句概念与特征定义：由多重从句嵌套、非谓语动词链、复杂修饰成分（介词短语/形容词短语）等构成的复合句，长度常超过25词，干扰核心信息提取。例句：Thefactthatscientistshavebeenunabletorecreatetheexactconditionsoftheexperiment,whichwasconductedinahighlycontrolledenvironmentdecadesago,suggeststhatsomevariablesremainunknown.结构特征：-主句主干：Thefact...suggests...-嵌套从句：thatscientists...(同位语从句)+whichwas...(定语从句)+thatsome...(宾语从句)二、五大核心句型结构（重难点+易错点）（一）多重嵌套从句1.结构特征：主句+从句1（内含从句2）→通常含宾语从句/定语从句/同位语从句嵌套2.练习与解析①原句（巩固）：Hearguedthatthepolicywhichfavoredmultinationalcorporationsoverlocalbusinesseswouldeventuallyharmtheeconomythatthegovernmenttriedtoprotect.主干：Hearguedthat...（主句+宾语从句）翻译：他认为，这项偏袒跨国公司而非本地企业的政策，最终会损害政府试图保护的经济。嵌套结构：-第一层：宾语从句thatthepolicy...wouldharmtheeconomy-第二层：定语从句whichfavored...（修饰policy）-第三层：定语从句that...protect（修饰economy）②进阶练习：Scientistsconfirmedthatthehypothesiswhichsuggestedclimatechangemightacceleratespeciesextinctioninareaswhereecosystemswerefragilewassupportedbynewdata.主干：Scientistsconfirmedthat...翻译：科学家证实，这项认为气候变化可能加速生态系统脆弱地区物种灭绝的假说得到了新数据的支持。嵌套结构：-宾语从句：thatthehypothesis...wassupported-定语从句：whichsuggested...（修饰hypothesis）-宾语从句：climatechangemight...（作suggested的宾语）-定语从句：where...fragile（修饰areas）❗易错点：混淆suggested的宾语从句层级（误判为修饰hypothesis的定语从句）③高阶练习：Theprofessoremphasizedthatstudentswhoneglectthefactthatconsistentpracticedeterminestheirprogressoftenunderestimatetheeffortrequiredtomasteraskill.主干：Theprofessoremphasizedthat...翻译：教授强调，忽视‘持续练习决定进步’这一事实的学生，常常低估掌握技能所需的努力。嵌套结构：-宾语从句：thatstudents...underestimatetheeffort-定语从句：whoneglectthefact...（修饰students）-同位语从句：thatconsistentpractice...（解释fact）-分词短语：required...（后置定语修饰effort）❗易错点：将同位语从句thatconsistentpractice...误判为定语从句3.真题变形题（改编自高考）④(2021全国卷变形)Itiswidelybelievedthattheprinciplethatindividualsshouldtakeresponsibilityfordecisionsaffectingcommunitiesinwhichtheylivepromotessocialharmony.主干：Itiswidelybelievedthat...翻译：人们普遍认为，‘个人应为影响其所居住社区的决定负责’这一原则能促进社会和谐。嵌套结构：-主语从句：thattheprinciple...promotes...（真正主语）-同位语从句：thatindividualsshould...（解释principle）-分词定语：affectingcommunities...（修饰decisions）-定语从句：inwhichtheylive（修饰communities）⑤(2023新高考改编)Thereportrevealsthatcompaniesignoringfeedbackfromcustomerswhocomplainaboutproductqualityrisklosingmarketsharetheypreviouslydominated.主干：Thereportrevealsthat...翻译：报告揭示，忽视顾客（对产品质量投诉）反馈的企业，可能失去它们曾主导的市场份额。嵌套结构：-宾语从句：thatcompanies...risklosingmarketshare-分词定语：ignoringfeedback...（修饰companies）-定语从句：whocomplain...（修饰customers）-定语从句：theypreviouslydominated（省略that，修饰share）4.考点总结表句子主干成分从句嵌套层级翻译关键点①Hearguedthat...宾语→定从→定从“偏袒而非”对比逻辑②Scientistsconfirmedthat...宾语→定从→宾从→定从假说内容完整传递③Theprofessoremphasizedthat...宾语→定从→同位从抽象名词（fact）具体化④Itiswidelybelievedthat...主语→同位从→分词→定从原则内容前置翻译⑤Thereportrevealsthat...宾语→分词→定从→定从（省略）分词定语转中文动词结构学生常见错误：迷失从句层级（如②中误判suggested的宾语从句为定语从句）→对策：根据动词性质判断（suggest后接观点性内容，多为宾语从句）省略关系词混淆（如⑤中忽略theypreviouslydominated前省略that）→对策：缺宾语时优先考虑定语从句抽象名词翻译生硬（如③中“thefactthat...”直译为“事实”）→对策：译为“这一事实”或转译为冒号（：）建议课堂训练时要求学生用括号分层标记法：例句⑤：Thereportreveals[thatcompanies(ignoringfeedback[fromcustomers(whocomplainaboutproductquality])]risklosingmarketshare[(that)theypreviouslydominated].（二）非谓语动词链1.结构特征：主句+分词/不定式短语→充当状语、定语、宾语补足语等练习与解析①原句巩固（功能判断）：Seenfromthehill,thecitycoveredwithsnowlookedlikeafairytaleworld,attractingthousandsofphotographers.答案：-Seenfromthehill：原因状语（=Becauseitwasseen）-coveredwithsnow：后置定语（修饰thecity）-attracting...：结果状语（表自然结果）②不定式作目的状语：Toaddressclimatechangeeffectively,governmentsworldwidemustimplementpoliciesaimedatreducingcarbonemissions,requiringinternationalcooperation.功能判断：-Toaddress...：目的状语（表行动目标）-aimedat...：后置定语（修饰policies）-requiring...：伴随状语（表同步需求）③现在分词作伴随状语：Thehikerwalkedthroughtheforest,carryingadetailedmap,whisperingtohiscompanionsaboutpotentialdangers.功能判断：-carrying...：伴随状语（与walked同时发生）-whispering...：伴随状语（与carrying并列）❗易错点：误判whispering为后置定语（实际修饰主语hiker）④过去分词作原因状语+后置定语：Exhaustedbythelongjourney,thetravelersrestedattheinnrecommendedbylocals,relievedtofindwarmshelter.功能判断：-Exhausted...：原因状语（表状态原因）-recommended...：后置定语（修饰inn）-relieved...：伴随状语（表心理状态）⑤动名词作宾语+分词状语：Thescientistadmittedhavingunderestimatedtheproblem,hopingtocorrecthiserrorthroughfurtherresearch.功能判断：-havingunderestimated...：动名词短语作宾语（admitdoing）-hoping...：目的状语（表后续意图）高考真题变形题⑥(2023全国乙卷语法填空变形)______(expose)todiverseculturesduringchildhood,childrentendtodevelopopen-mindednessvaluedinglobalworkplaces.答案与功能：-Exposed：原因状语（因童年暴露于多元文化）-valued...：后置定语（修饰open-mindedness）⑦(2022新高考Ⅰ卷阅读理解长句节选)Theteamachievedbreakthroughresultsusinginnovativemethods,inspiredbypreviousfailures,tosolveadecades-oldmystery.功能判断：-using...：方式状语（表手段）-inspired...：原因状语（表动力来源）-tosolve...：目的状语（表最终目标）非谓语功能判断黄金法则形式常见功能判断技巧真题示例不定式目的/结果/未来动作位于句首或动词后练习②

Toaddress...现在分词伴随/原因/主动进行与主语为主动关系练习③

carrying...过去分词被动/完成/状态原因与主语为被动关系练习④

Exhausted...动名词主语/宾语/介词宾语位于动词或介词后练习⑤

havingunderestimated学生高频错误及破解策略错误1：混淆分词逻辑主语-例：误判练习③中whispering的逻辑主语为map（正确主语应为hiker）-对策：非谓语动作发出者必须与主句主语一致（独立主格除外）错误2：误读不定式时态-例：将练习②中Toaddress...理解为“已解决”（实际表未来目标）-对策：不定式常表未发生的动作，分词表同步/已完成动作错误3：省略being的判断失误-例：练习④中Exhausted...=Beingexhausted（省略being的常见结构）-破解：过去分词作状语时，若表状态常省略being做题技巧：步骤1：圈出所有非谓语动词（-ing/-ed/todo）步骤2：用箭头标注其修饰对象（主语/名词/整句）步骤3：根据位置与逻辑判断功能：句首→原因/目的/条件状语名词后→后置定语句末→结果/伴随状语步骤4：翻译时按中文习惯调整语序（状语提前，定语贴近名词）（三）分隔结构1.结构特征：主语+[长修饰成分]+谓语→修饰成分多为插入语/定语从句/状语/同位语练习与解析①基础巩固（原题）：Thetheory,afterbeingtestedinmultiplelabsforoveradecade,finallygainedacceptance.答案：主语Thetheory，谓语gained分隔成分：时间状语after...decade②定语从句分隔：Theprofessor,whohaddedicated30yearstostudyingmarinebiology,publishedagroundbreakingpaper.答案：主语Theprofessor，谓语published分隔成分：非限制性定语从句who...biology③同位语分隔：Thisdiscovery,aturningpointinmodernmedicine,savedmillionsoflives.答案：主语Thisdiscovery，谓语saved分隔成分：同位语aturningpoint...④多重分隔挑战：Theproposal,thoughconsideredcontroversialbysomeexpertsandinitiallyrejectedbythecommittee,ultimatelyprovedeffective.答案：主语Theproposal，谓语proved分隔成分：让步状语though...committee3.高考真题级分隔结构⑤(2021全国甲卷阅读理解改编)Climatechange,withitsfar-reachingimpactsonecosystemsandhumansocieties,hasbecomethedefiningissueofourera.答案：主语Climatechange，谓语hasbecome分隔成分：伴随状语with...societies⑥(2023新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空)Theartist'slatestwork,inspiredbytraditionalfolktalesandfeaturinginnovativedigitaltechniques,receivedinternationalacclaim.答案：主语Theartist'slatestwork，谓语received分隔成分：并列分词短语inspired...andfeaturing...⑦(2020浙江卷语法填空)Students,especiallythosefromremoteareaswhereeducationalresourcesarescarce,needmoregovernmentsupport.答案：主语Students，谓语need分隔成分：同位语+定语从句especially...scarce4.主谓定位黄金法则类型标志词/结构破解技巧真题案例插入语分隔双逗号/双破折号删除插入语快速定位主谓练习②(who...)状语分隔介词短语（in/with/after...）找介词短语后的第一个动词练习⑤(with...)同位语分隔名词短语（无动词）识别核心主语（常带冠词）练习③(aturningpoint)非谓语分隔-ing/-ed位于主语后跳过非谓语找谓语动词练习⑥(inspired...)学生高频错误及应对策略错误1：误判长修饰语为主语例：练习⑦中误认thosefromremoteareas为主语（正解：Students）对策：长修饰语前必有核心主语（常带冠词/所有格：Theartist'swork,Students）错误2：忽略主谓一致陷阱例：Thelistofrequirements,including3references,__(be)online.答案：is（主语为Thelist，非requirements）对策：越过分隔成分确认主语单复数错误3：混淆谓语与非谓语例：练习⑥中误将featuring作谓语（正解：received）对策：-ing/-ed位于主语后多为定语/状语分隔结构真题考点统计高考年份题型分隔结构类型出现频次2023阅读理解非谓语短语分隔5次2022完形填空定语从句分隔3次2021语法填空同位语分隔2次2020七选五状语分隔4次（四）并列复合句1.结构特征：主句1+并列连词+主句2（各自可含从句）→并列连词：and/but/or/so/for/yet2.练习与解析①原题巩固（结构划分）：Whilesomestudentspreferonlinecoursesfortheirflexibility,othersinsistthatface-to-faceinteractionprovidesirreplaceablebenefits,andresearchsupportsbothviews.答案：-While...flexibility：让步状语从句-othersinsist...benefits：第一主句（含宾语从句that...benefits）-andresearch...views：并列第二主句②基础并列+宾语从句：Scientistsacknowledgethatclimatechangeisaccelerating,butmanypoliticiansstillignoreevidencepresentedbyexperts.结构划分：-Scientistsacknowledge...：第一主句（含宾语从句that...accelerating）-butmanypoliticians...：并列第二主句并列连词：but（表转折）③双重嵌套并列：Thereportshowsthatpollutionlevelsarerising,andthistrendworriesresidentswholivenearfactories,yetfactoryownersclaimtheiremissionsmeetstandards.结构划分：-Thereportshows...：第一主句（含宾语从句that...rising）-andthistrend...factories：并列第二主句（含定语从句who...factories）-yetfactoryowners...：并列第三主句（含宾语从句their...standards）3.高考真题级训练④(2023全国乙卷阅读理解改编)Whiledigitalpaymentsofferconvenience,consumersexpressconcernsaboutdatasecurity,sogovernmentsarestrengtheningregulationstoprotectprivacy.结构划分：-While...convenience：让步状语从句-consumersexpress...：第一主句-sogovernments...：并列第二主句（so表结果）⑤(2021新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空)Theartistusedrecycledmaterialsinhersculptures,andthisapproachnotonlyreducedwastebutalsoinspiredotherstofollowherexample.结构划分：-Theartistused...：第一主句-andthisapproach...：并列第二主句（含notonly...butalso...并列谓语）⑥(2022浙江卷七选五长句)Someeducatorsarguethatexamsmotivatestudents,yetrecentstudiessuggestthatexcessivetestingincreasesanxiety,andthismayhinderlearningefficiency.结构划分：-Someeducatorsargue...：第一主句（含宾语从句thatexams...）-yetrecentstudies...：并列第二主句（含宾语从句thatexcessive...）-andthismay...：并列第三主句⑦(高考陷阱题)Themanagerannouncedthattheprojectwouldbedelayedbutpromisedthatadditionalresourceswouldbeallocatedtoensureitsquality,andtheteamacceptedthisdecision.结构划分：-Themanagerannounced...：第一主句（含宾语从句thattheproject...）-butpromised...：并列谓语（与announced并列，含宾语从句thatadditional...）-andtheteam...：并列第二主句❗易错点：but连接的是谓语动词announced和promised（同属第一主句），而非独立主句4.并列结构分析黄金法则步骤操作要点真题应用示例（题⑥）1.找连词定位and/but/or/yet/so找到

yet

和

and2.切分主句连词前必须有完整主句切分：

主句1:

Someeducators...

主句2:

recentstudies...

主句3:

thismay...3.识别嵌套分析各主句内部的从句主句1含

thatexams...

(宾语从句)

主句2含

thatexcessive...

(宾语从句)4.判关系根据连词判断逻辑关系yet

表转折，and

表顺承5.学生高频错误及破解策略错误1：误判连词层级-典型题：题⑦中误将butpromised...当作独立主句-对策：检查连词后是否缺主语→若缺主语，则连接的是谓语（如announcedandpromised）错误2：忽略从句边界-典型题：题③中误将wholivenearfactories修饰trend（实际修饰residents）-对策：从句从引导词开始，到下一个谓语动词前结束错误3：混淆并列与状语-典型题：题④中误认so引导状语从句（实为并列连词连接主句）-破解：并列连词前有逗号，后接完整主句（状语从句无此特征）6.高考命题重点数据考点近5年占比常见题型并列句含宾语从句嵌套41%阅读理解、完形填空but/yet转折并列29%七选五、语法填空并列谓语（非并列句）18%短文改错and连接三主句12%阅读理解D篇（五）倒装/强调结构倒装结构特征：-部分倒装：Only/Never/Seldom/Notuntil...+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语-完全倒装：方位副词/介词短语+谓语+主语→标志词：Here/There/Out/In...强调结构特征：Itis/was...that/who...基础还原练习①原题巩固：Notuntilhehadanalyzedallthedatadidtheresearcherrealizethesignificance.还原：Theresearcherdidnotrealizethesignificanceuntilhehadanalyzedallthedata.考点：Notuntil句首引发部分倒装（助动词did提前）②时间状语倒装：Onlyaftertheexperimentfailedthreetimesdidtheyunderstandthecomplexity.还原：Theyunderstoodthecomplexityonlyaftertheexperimentfailedthreetimes.③地点状语完全倒装：Onthehillstandsacentury-oldtemple,witnessinghistoricalchanges.还原：Acentury-oldtemplestandsonthehill...高考真题级训练④(2023全国甲卷阅读理解)Notonlydoesthebookexplorescientifictheories,butitalsodiscussestheirethicalimplications.还原：Thebooknotonlyexploresscientifictheories,butitalsodiscusses...考点：Notonly句首→首句倒装（doesexplore），次句不倒装⑤(2021浙江卷完形填空)Onlywhenweprotectbiodiversitycanweensureasustainablefuture.还原：Wecanensureasustainablefutureonlywhenweprotectbiodiversity.⑥(2024新课标卷·虚拟倒装陷阱)Hadthegovernmentinvestedingreenenergyearlier,pollutionlevelswouldbelowernow.还原：Ifthegovernmenthadinvestedingreenenergyearlier,pollutionlevels...❗易错点：省略if的虚拟条件句倒装（Had提前）强调结构专题⑦强调句型识别：Itwashisinnovativeapproachthatsolvedthedecades-oldproblem.还原普通句：Hisinnovativeapproachsolvedthedecades-oldproblem.考点：去掉Itwas...that后仍为完整句子⑧高考陷阱题(2022全国乙卷)Itistheculturalcontextthatgivesmeaningtothesesymbols,nottheirvisualdesign.判断正误：-若去掉Itis...that：Theculturalcontextgivesmeaning...（✅完整）→强调句正确-对比定语从句：❌Itistheculturalcontextthat/whichgives...（非强调句时that/which引导定语从句）倒装结构黄金识别法类型标志词倒装规则真题案例部分倒装Only/Never/Notuntil助动词+主语+实义动词题①(didrealize)完全倒装Here/There/Out/In+介短谓语动词+主语（主谓倒序）题③(standstemple)虚拟倒装Had/Should/Were省略if，助动词提前题⑥(Hadinvested)强调结构Itis/was...that/who去掉框架后句子完整题⑧(givesmeaning)学生高频错误及破解策略错误1：遗漏倒装助动词-典型题：题④中漏写does（误答：Notonlythebookexplores❌）-对策：标志词句首→必检查助动词（do/does/did/have等）错误2：混淆强调句与定语从句-典型题：题⑧中误加which（❌Itisthecontextwhich...）-破解：-强调句：Itis名词that...（that不作成分）-定语从句：名词+that...（that作成分）错误3：虚拟倒装形式错误-典型题：题⑥中误还原为Ifthegovernmentwouldinvest❌（正解：hadinvested）-规则：-过去虚拟：Had+过去分词（倒装）-将来虚拟：Should+动词原形（倒装）倒装结构高考分布考点近5年考察频次高频题型Notuntil倒装32%阅读理解、完形Onlywhen倒装28%语法填空、改错虚拟条件句倒装22%阅读理解长难句方位副词完全倒装18%七选五、写作三、易错点避错技巧类型难点解析避错技巧练习（判断正误）从句嵌套混淆从句层级导致逻辑错误从外向内逐层拆分，找连接词⑥

Shebelievedthenewsthathewonwhichsurprisedeveryone.

(❌歧义)主谓一致主语被长修饰语隔离后误判单复数越过修饰语定位主语核心词⑦

Thelistofrequirements,including3referencesandaportfolio,areonthewebsite.

(❌are→is)指代不明代词（it/they）指代对象模糊向前追溯最近的名词概念⑧

Whenthedogchasedthecat,ithidunderthecar.

(⭕指代cat)高考模拟集训（一）结构拆解阅读理解长难句1.WhatmadetheprojectparticularlychallengingwasthescarcityofreliabledataonhowclimatepatternsinremoteArcticregions,whereground-basedmonitoringequipmentisextremelylimited,mightchangeoverthenextcentury.2.Theassumptionthatdigitalnativesautomaticallypossessadvancedtechnologicalskills,amythperpetuatedbypopularmedia,hasbeendisprovenbyresearchshowingthatsystematictrainingremainsessential.（二）完形填空长难句3.Itwashisunwaveringcommitmenttohelpingothers,developedduringyearsofvolunteerworkinruralclinics,thatearnedhimtherespectthattranscendedprofessionalboundaries.4.Onlywhenwetrulyunderstandtheculturalcontextcanweappreciatethesubtlemeaningsconveyedbytheseancientpoems,manyofwhichareeasilyoverlooked.（三）语法填空/短文改错长难句5.语法填空：______(face)withdecliningsales,thecompanydecidedtoadjustitsstrategy,amoveapplaudedbyinvestorswhorecognizeditslong-termvision.6.短文改错Theprofessor,alongwithhisassistants,areconductingastudywhichaimistofindsolutionsforpollution.冲刺训练建议：1.每日精析2句：-选长句，按“主干→从句→修饰语”三步拆解2.考点自测表：-完成句子后勾选涉及的考点（如：☑倒装☑定语从句）3.真题还原训练：-将拆散的句子成分重新组合成原句（提升结构敏感度）强化建议：精练2019-2025全国卷阅读理解D篇与完形填空最后三空，90%长难句属上述5类结构。五、长难句强化训练20题要求：划出主干结构（主语+谓语），并解析加粗部分语法功能难度分级：★基础★★进阶★★★挑战嵌套从句专项1.★★Researchersfoundthatthetechnologywhichwasinitiallydesignedforspaceexplorationcouldbeadaptedtosolvemedicalproblemsthathadpuzzleddoctorsfordecades.2.★★★Theargumentthateconomicgrowthmustbeprioritizedoverenvironmentalprotection,aviewfrequentlyexpressedbypolicymakers,ignoresthefactthatecosystemsreachingatippingpointmaycollapseirreversibly.非谓语动词链专项3.★★Seatedinthefrontrowandequippedwithnoise-cancelingheadphones,theaudiencecouldfullyappreciatethesymphonyperformedbytheorchestra.4.★★★Toachievecarbonneutralityby2060,agoalsetbytheChinesegovernment,requiresimplementingpoliciesdiscouragingfossilfuelconsumptionwhilepromotingrenewableenergy.分隔结构专项5.★★Thediscovery,afteryearsoffailedexperimentsandnumeroussetbacks,finallyprovidedevidencesupportingthecontroversialtheory.6.★★★Studentswhoconsistentlycompleteassignmentsontimedespiteheavyworkloadsdemonstratetime-managementskillsessentialforacademicsuccess.并列复合句专项★★Whileartificialintelligencecanprocessdatafasterthanhumans,itlacksemotionalintelligence,andthisdeficiencymaylimititsapplicationinfieldsrequiringempathy.倒装/强调结构专项8.★★Onlywhenthefinalresultswerepublisheddidthescientistsrealizethesignificanceoftheirfindings.-还原主干：Thescientistsrealizedthesignificanceonlywhen...-解析：-Onlywhen...：倒装条件句（正常语序：Thescientistsrealized...onlywhen...）真题级复杂句挑战9.★★★Whatremainscontroversialiswhetherthebenefitsofgeneticengineering,atechnologyenablingpreciseDNAmodification,outweightheethicaldilemmasitposes.10.★★★Notuntilthelocalgovernmentinvestedininfrastructuredidremotevillages,previouslyisolatedbymountainousterrain,gainaccesstodigitaleducationresourcesthattransformedtheirlearningmethods.虚拟语气与倒装嵌套11.★★★Hadthegovernmentnotintervenedpromptly,theeconomiccrisis,whichwasalreadycausingwidespreadunemployment,mighthaveresultedinsocialinstabilitythatcouldhavelastedforyears.12.★★★Notonlydoesthetheorychallengetraditionalassumptions,butitalsorequiresscientiststoreconsiderhypotheseslongheldtobeunshakeable.独立主格与复合结构13.★★★Withthedeadlineapproaching,allteammembers,theirinitialdisagreementssetaside,beganworkingcollaborativelytofinalizetheproject.14.★★★Theconferenceconcluded,aseriesofagreementshavingbeenreached,whichlaidthefoundationforfuturecooperation.否定转移与省略结构15.★★★Idon'tbelievethatthesolutionproposedbythecommittee,howeverwell-intentioned,willeffectivelyaddressthecoreissues,nordoesitconsiderlong-termconsequences.16.★★★Thereportsuggeststhatnotallparticipantsrespondedtothesurvey,andthosewhodidmaynothavefullyunderstoodthequestions.真题级复杂句综合训练17.★★★Thattheartistpersistedinusingtraditionaltechniquesinaneradominatedbydigitalart,achoicecriticizedbysomecontemporaries,demonstratesherconvictionthatauthenticityoutweighstrendiness.18.★★★Itwasowingtohisforesightininvestinginrenewableenergy,notmerelyshort-termprofits,thatthecompanysurvivedthemarketdownturnthatcrippledmanycompetitors.19.★★★Socomplexisthealgorithmdesignedbytheresearchteamthatonlywhenappliedtosupercomputerscanitsfullpotentialberealized,afactunderscoringtheneedforadvancedinfrastructure.20.★★★Withvolcanicashrisingmilesintothesky,theaviationauthority,whoseprimaryconcernwaspassengersafety,orderedallflightscanceled,adecisionaffectingthousandsoftravelers.答案与解析四、高考模拟集训（2019-2023全国卷精选）（一）阅读理解长难句1.WhatmadetheprojectparticularlychallengingwasthescarcityofreliabledataonhowclimatepatternsinremoteArcticregions,whereground-basedmonitoringequipmentisextremelylimited,mightchangeoverthenextcentury.结构拆解：-主干：Whatmade...wasthescarcity（主语从句+系表结构）-考点：1.嵌套从句：-宾语从句：onhow...mightchange（作data的定语）-定语从句：where...limited（修饰regions）2.分隔结构：Arcticregions,where...,mightchange2.Theassumptionthatdigitalnativesautomaticallypossessadvancedtechnologicalskills,amythperpetuatedbypopularmedia,hasbeendisprovenbyresearchshowingthatsystematictrainingremainsessential.结构拆解：-主干：Theassumptionhasbeendisproven-考点：1.同位语从句：thatdigitalnatives...skills（解释assumption）2.插入语：amyth...media（作同位语）3.分词后置定语：showingthat...（修饰research）（二）完形填空长难句3.Itwashisunwaveringcommitmenttohelpingothers,developedduringyearsofvolunteerworkinruralclinics,thatearnedhimtherespectthattranscendedprofessionalboundaries.结构拆解：-主干：Itwas...thatearned...（强调句型）-考点：1.强调结构核心：hisunwaveringcommitment2.过去分词短语：developed...clinics（后置定语修饰commitment）3.定语从句：thattranscended...（修饰respect）4.Onlywhenwetrulyunderstandtheculturalcontextcanweappreciatethesubtlemeaningsconveyedbytheseancientpoems,manyofwhichareeasilyoverlooked.结构拆解：-主干：canweappreciateth