2026年秋学期英语第一周人教版（2019）选择性必修一周末小测卷及答案

第一周·Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandThinking第一周·Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandThinking一、句子填空（共10题，每小题3分，共30分）1.Afteraterm,theteachershouldgivehisstudentsaproper________(evaluate)oftheirstudy.2.Herefusedtoacknowledge________(defeat)bytheothercompetitorinthematch.3.Thegameiscrucial________theteam,theresultofwhichwilldecidewhetheritcanholdthechampionship.4.Theknowledgeandskillsthetraineeshavelearntcanhelpthemmakeaclear________(distinct)betweenwhatisrightandwrong.5.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedin________(academy)life.6.Itisourwilltorequirestrong,determinedand________(commit)leadership.7.Thepoliceplaya________(vitality)roleinoursociety.8.BorninShaoxing,ZhejiangProvincein1881,LuXun________(acknowledge)asoneofthegreatestmodernwritersinChina.9.Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthat________(science)theoriesmustbebasedonfacts.10.Wheneatinghotpot,youcanputeverythingyoulikeinthe________(boil)waterintheoven.二、完成句子（共5题，每小题4分，共20分）11.溶液在100摄氏度时沸腾。Theliquid___________________100degreescentigrade.12.不管他犯了多少次罪，警察都无力逮捕他。_____________________,thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.13.普遍认为梅西是世界上最优秀的足球运动员。(acknowledge)_____________________Messiisthebestfootballplayerintheworld.14.警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。Thepolice__________________inoursociety.15.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍。In1967,theChinesegovernment_________ateamofscientistswiththe__________ofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria.三、阅读理解（共4题，每小题5分，共20分）EugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球层的)physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyinChicagoonMar15,2022.Hewas94.Acknowledgedasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerchangedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat"thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDrEugeneParker".In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftthatwasnamedinhishonour.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled"solarwind",acontinuousstreamofchargedparticlesthatflowoffthesun.Itcanbecomeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker'sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithscepticism(怀疑)andridiculebythescientificcommunity.Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum(真空),andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.But,therewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorylaterprovedtobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:"Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou'rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat."Parkerneverco-authoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.HissonEricsaid,"MysisterJoyceandIdidn'tgetarealfeelforwhata'bigdog'ourdadwasinthefield."TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker'sdeath,theytravelledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoodPrizeinAstronomy.16.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.AspacecraftwasnamedinmemoryofParker.B.ThesunhaslesseffectonEarththanexpected.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAprovidednewinsightsintothesun'seffect.17.WhydidpeopleviewParker'stheoryof"solarwind"scepticallyatfirst?A.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.B.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.C.ThepresenceofasupersonicwindwasprovedbyNASA.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistinthespacebetweenplanets.18.WhatadvicedidParkeroftengivetoyoungresearchers?A.Cooperatefrequentlytoensuresuccess.B.Dependonyourprofessorfordecision-making.C.Sticktoconventionalmethodstominimiserisks.D.Expectchallengesandcriticallyevaluateyourwork.19.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeParkeraccordingtothepassage?A.Responsibleandaccessible.B.Straightforwardandgenerous.C.Distinguishedyetmodest.D.Intelligentyetpeculiar.四、短文填空（共10题，每小题3分，共30分）ChenNingYang:AGreatPhysicistChenNingYang,oneofthemostinfluentialtheoretical20.________(physicist)ofthe20thcentury,maderemarkablecontributionstomodernphysics.Hewasbestknownforco-developingtheYang-Millstheory,21.________laterbecamethefoundationoftheStandardModelofparticlephysics.BorninHefei,China,in1922,Yang22.________(raise)inanacademicfamilywherehisfatherinspiredhisearlylove23.________science.Afterreceivinghisbachelor’sdegreeandhismaster’sinChina,hewenttoAmerica,earninghisPh.D.fromtheUniversityofChicagoin1948.In1956,YangandTsung-DaoLeeproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions,24.________breakthroughthatoverturnedtraditionalideasinphysics.Thetheory,laterconfirmedbyChien-ShiungWu’sexperiment,25.________(win)themthe1957NobelPrizeinPhysics.Yangbelievedthatscientific26.________(curious)andindependentthinkingarethesoulofinnovation.Heencouragedyoungscientists27.________(think)independentlyandcombinescientificresearchwith28.________(culture)understanding.Havingalsomadeachievementsinstatisticalmechanicsandcondensedmatterphysics,YangreturnedtoChinaafterretiringin1999.HepassedawayinBeijingin2025at103,29.________(leave)alastingscientificlegacy(遗产).答案与解析1.答案：evaluation解析：句意为：一个学期后，这名老师应该对他的学生的学习情况给出一个适当的评价。此处为givesbsth双宾语结构，设空处作直接宾语，且被不定冠词a和形容词proper修饰，应用名词单数形式。故填evaluation。2.答案：beingdefeated解析：acknowledgedoingsth.意为“承认做某事”。根据设空处后的bytheothercompetitor和语境可知，此处表示“被打败”，设空处应用被动式。故填beingdefeated。3.答案：to/for解析：句意为：这场比赛对该队至关重要，比赛结果将决定该队能否守住冠军宝座。becrucialto/for…为固定搭配，意为“对……至关重要”。故填to/for。4.答案：distinction解析：句意为：受训者已经学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们明确区分什么是对的和什么是错的。分析句子结构可知，设空处作make的宾语，且被不定冠词a和形容词clear修饰，应用名词单数形式。makeadistinctionbetween…and…表示“区分……和……”。故填distinction。5.答案：academic解析：句意为：在大学中受益最多的学生是那些全身心投入学术生活的人。设空处作定语，修饰life，表示“学术的”，应用形容词形式。故填academic。6.答案：committed解析：考查形容词。句意：我们的意愿是需要强有力、坚定和忠诚的领导。提示词与形容词strong和determined是并列关系，作定语修饰名词leadership，也用形容词形式committed，意为“尽心尽力的，忠诚的”，符合语境。故填committed。7.答案：vital解析：考查形容词。句意：警察在我们的社会中起着至关重要的作用。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词role，vital至关重要的，形容词。故填vital。8.答案：isacknowledged解析：考查时态和语态。句意：鲁迅1881年生于浙江绍兴，被认为是中国现代最伟大的作家之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处为句子谓语，主语LuXun与动词acknowledge之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填isacknowledged。9.答案：scientific解析：考查形容词。句意：这位老科学家告诉他的学生，科学理论必须以事实为基础。分析句子可知空处应为形容词修饰名词theories，science对应的形容词为scientific。故填scientific。10.答案：boiling解析：考查形容词。句意：吃火锅时，你可以把你喜欢的东西放在炉子的沸水中。分析句子可知空处应为形容词修饰water，boilingwater表示“沸水”，故填boiling。11.答案：boilsat解析：考查谓语动词和介词。根据句意，表示“沸腾”应为boil，该句描述的为客观真理，所以应使用一般现在时，与主语Theliquid之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以第一空为boils；表示“在100摄氏度时”应使用介词短语at100degreescentigrade，所以第二空为at。故填boilsat。12.答案：Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted解析：考查让步状语从句、名词和动词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为Nomatter+疑问词howmany表示“无论多少”引导的让步状语从句，表示“罪行”为复数名词crimes，表示“犯”为动词commit；结合主句动词were可知，此处动词应为一般过去时。故填Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted。13.答案：Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat解析：考查固定句型。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，根据句意可知，表示“普遍认为”可用固定句型Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。故答案为Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat。14.答案：play/haveavitalrole/part解析：考查固定短语和时态。分析可知空处表示“起着极其重要的作用”，play/haveavitalrole/part为固定短语，表示“起着极其重要的作用”，本句在描述事实，为一般现在时，故填play/haveavitalrole/part。15.答案：formed,objective解析：考查动词和名词。根据句子和句意，空处①应为表示“组建”的动词，用动词form，作谓语，由时间状语“In1967”可知，本句应为一般过去时；由“withthe”可知，空处②应为名词，作宾语，表示“目的”，用名词objective，介词短语withtheobjectiveof意为“以……为目的”，符合句意。故填①formed；②objective。16.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Acknowledgedasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerchangedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthat'thefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDrEugeneParker'.”可知，帕克为太阳物理学领域作出了巨大贡献，他值得赞扬。故选C项。17.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thegeneralviewatthetimewasthatthespacebetweenplanetswasanabsolutevacuum,andwasthuscompletelyemptyofanymatter.”可知，当时人们普遍认为星际空间是绝对真空的，没有任何物质存在，帕克的理论与这一主流观点相悖，因此人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度。故选B项。18.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:'Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou'rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoknowthat.'”可知，帕克建议年轻的研究人员在进行创新时，应该预料到会有麻烦，但应该批判性地思考自己的创新工作，由此可知，帕克建议年轻的研究人员要提前预料面临的挑战并辩证地看待自己的研究工作。故选D项。19.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Acknowledgedasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerchangedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.”可知，帕克是一位有卓越成就的人；结合最后一段中的“Parkerwashumble,straightforward,andwise.”可知，帕克虽有卓越的成就，但十分谦逊。故选C项。20-29.答案：physicists；which；wasraised；for；a；won；curiosity；tothink；cultural；leaving解析：20.考查名词复数。句意：杨振宁，20世纪最具影响力的理论物理学家之一，为现代物理学做出了卓越的贡献。“oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定短语，意为“最……之一”，应用名词physicist的复数形式。故填physicists。21.考查定语从句。句意：他最为人所知的是共同发展了杨-米尔斯理论，该理论后来成为粒子物理学标准模型的基础。“21._______l