考研英语一2022年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

第第页2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“ plantneurobiology ”was 1 aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe 2 tointelligenceinanimals. 3 plantslackbrains,thefiring of electricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat 4 consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplex and fascinating,but it 5 so greatly from that of animals thatso-called 6 ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave 7 thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthat interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 “ aplantnervoussystem, 9 tothatinanimals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz.“ They 10 claimedthatplantshave‘ brain-likecommandcenters’attheirroottips.”This 11 makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain, 12 ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals. 13 ,the signaling in a plant is only 14 similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.“ For consciousness to evolve,abrainwith a threshold 15 ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired, ” he 16 .“ Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the 17 thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan’trunawayfrom 18 ,so investingenergyinabodysystemwhich 19 athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery 20 evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]load16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easySectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.alwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands(RCE).“It’slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“ naturecarpets ”—largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandcolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“ sunscreens ”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon—afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.”21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin [A]maintainingtheirplasticitems.[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts.[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits.[D] classifyingtheirplasticcollections.22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare[A]immunetodecay.[B]improperlyshaped.[C]inherentlyflawed.[D]complexinstructure.23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi’sartworksto[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors.[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay.[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed.[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage.24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis[A]costly.[B]unworthy.[C]unpopular.[D]challenging.25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts[A] willinspirefuturescientificresearch.[B] hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance.[C] willhelpusseparatethematerialages.[D] hasanimpactontoday’sculturallife.Text2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongtheOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyupskillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iamageographer’or‘Iamaclassicist’.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it’sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesameway.26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege.[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage.[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation.[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication.27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflects[A]Millennial’sopinionaboutwork.[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree.[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation.[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility.28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree.[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers.[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegree.[D]parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation.29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer.[B]attendon-the-jobtrainingprograms.[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates.[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.[C]Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.Text3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning,”onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingtheClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight—hencethe“visualstudies”inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature’spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.

31.Accordingto Paragraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave[A]caughttheattentionofcritics.[B]receivedfavorableresponses.[C] promotedacademicpublishing.[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes.32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat[A] artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience.[B] sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions.[C] publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture.[D] artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations.33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated.[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired.[C] theircreativitymaybeinhibited.[D]theirworkmaybemisguided.34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAYS?[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations.[B] willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition.[C] shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience.[D] arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore.Text4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’Sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices.[B] improvetraditionalhiringprocedures.[C] exemptemployersfromcertainduties.[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers.37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment.[B] underminemanagers’authority.[C] affectthepublicimageofthefirms.[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations.38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommissionsupport?[A] Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.[B] Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.[D] Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?[A] Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“ high-incomethreshold ”inAustralia[A] hassecuredmanagers’earnings.[B]hasproducedundesiredresults.[C] isbeneficialtobusinessowners.[D]isdifficulttoputintopracticePartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,therearefivepeople’sopinionsaboutEmmaManis’sarticle“TheCaseAgainstZoos”.ForQuestions41-45,choosethebeststatementfromthelistA-Gtosummarizeeachnumberedperson’sopinion.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)(41)TeriByrd:Iwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitableinstitutionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos. Nomatterhow you “ enhance”enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.Animalsendupstressedandunhealthyordead.It’spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit’spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.(42)KarenR.Sime:Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomzoovisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren’sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos’treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.(43)GregNewberry:EmmaMarris’sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatepeoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationscommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.Buttheyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillgetasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.(44)DeanGallea:Asafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian,IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotforopportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewouldbedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosare,inthatsense,similartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseums,servingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.(45)JohnFraser:EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnature,andthedatapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoovisit.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimals,fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.[A] Zoos whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotbesubjectedtounfaircriticism.[B]To pressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.While animalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.[D] Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.［E］Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestalternative.［F］ ［G］

PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Between1807and1814thelberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon’sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor’sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman’sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,TheScovellCiphers.(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell’ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman’sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell’spapersatthePublicRecordOffice,London,Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesabouthisworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection,whichIrealizedwaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.work.HisstatusinLordWellington’sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.SectionIII WritingPartA51.Directions:WriteanemailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationcontesttobeheldatyouruniversity.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2022年英语(一)试题参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【A】【解析】考查动词辨析。主语是术语theterm“plantneurobiology”，空格后的aroundthenotion引出该术语据以提出的核心观念；coinaterm为固定搭配，意为“创造（新词语）”，此处用被动式wascoined，A正确。discovered“发现”、collected“收集”、issued“发布”均不能与term搭配表示“造词”。2.答案【C】【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为“植物行为的某些方面可与动物的智能相比”；compareAtoB表示“把A比作B”，此处为被动couldbecomparedtoin