考研英语一2011年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

..PAGE1.2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitsthewalkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalofof10anoneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoAlthoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth–therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thattheway20,physicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable[A]Inturn [B]Infact [C]Inaddition [D]Inbrief[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal[A]Exceptfor [B]Accordingto [C]Dueto [D]Asfor[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1ThedecisionoftheNewPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentinthecallshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomereadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.besure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythanliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.learnfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmenthasincurredcriticism.raisedsuspicion.receivedacclaim.arousedcuriosity.regardsGilbertasanartistwhoisinfluential.modest.respectable.talented.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoersignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?TheyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinTheyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeelsdoubtful.enthusiastic.confident.puzzled.Text2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningaBroadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”hisbeasarrogant.frank.self-centered.impulsive.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredbytheirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.Theword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeansapprovedof.attendedto.huntedguardedagainst.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattopperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.safertosticktothetraditionalrules.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?CEOs:WheretoGo?CEOs:AlltheUp?ManagersJumpwithoutaNetTheOnlyOutforPerformersText3Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,theresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.Motor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyareobsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainsites.inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeatureasafebusinessenvironment.randomcompetition.strongusertraffic.flexibilityinorganization.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmediainviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.Motor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleofrespondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.persuadingcustomersintoeratingwithsupportiveconsumers.takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.Dominanceofhijackedmedia.Popularityofownedmedia.Text4nosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecover“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildless.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.hardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston...PAGE10.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbringtemporarydelight.enjoymentinprogress.happinessinretrospect.lastingreward.learnfromParagraph2thatcelebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolksareconstantlyexposedtocriticism.arelargelyignoredbythemedia.failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritypensatory.misleading.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.sometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.can,Menandpointsout,becomealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,Menandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”–theyformasortofsocialglue.Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearsFewerstudentsrequirefewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeofthesis-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinmedicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalisingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecialisationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced”.Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheyinvestigateandcriticise.“Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”quitehowthathappens,MenanddoesnotThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanuniversities,andLouisMenand,aofatHarvardit45.44.43.E42.41.G→ → → → → →45.44.43.E42.41.GPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.translationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkethbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.contributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare–thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts–andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.Partofthefameofbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakeaperson,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infact,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinus,andifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.SectionIII WritingPartADirections:Writealettertoafriendofyourstorecommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesandgivereasonsforyourrecommendation.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)旅程之“余”2011年英语一真题答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【C】【解析】考查介词。Butdespitesomeclaimstothecontrary意为“尽管有些相反的主张”，despite表让步，与上句亚里士多德“笑有益健康”的看法形成转折。among、except、like均不能引出这种让步。2.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。Laughterdoesproduceshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheart意为“笑确实会带来心脏功能的短期变化”。reflect“反映”、demand“要求”、indicate“表明”都不能表达“产生变化”。3.答案【B】【解析】考查分词。boostingheartrateandoxygenconsumption意为“提高心率与耗氧量”，为变化的具体内容。stabilizing“稳定”、impairing“损害”、determining“决定”均不合生理反应描述。4.答案【B】【解析】考查动词。hardlaughterisdifficulttosustain意为“剧烈的笑难以持续”，与下句“难以像散步那样带来可测益处”呼应。transmit、evaluate、observe均不合。5.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。unlikelytohavemeasurablebenefitsthewaywalkingorjoggingdoes意为“难以取得步行、慢跑那样可测量的益处”。manageable、affordable、renewable都不能与benefits构成“可量化收益”之意。6.答案【B】【解析】考查逻辑。前句说笑的益处有限，本句进一步说它其实与锻炼作用相反，用Infact表递进强调。Inturn“依次”、Inaddition“此外”、Inbrief“简言之”均不合此处的加重语气。7.答案【A】【解析】考查名词。laughterapparentlyaccomplishestheopposite意为“笑显然起了相反的作用”，与锻炼“拉紧肌肉以增强”形成对照。impossible、average、expected均不能表达“相反效果”。8.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。laughterrelaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes意为笑使肌肉放松、肌张力下降。hardens、weakens（与muscle搭配不如relax准确）、tightens均与decreasingmuscletone矛盾。9.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。mightconceivablyhelpmoderatetheeffectsofpsychologicalstress意为“有助于缓解心理压力的影响”。aggravate“加重”、generate“产生”、enhance“增强”均与“help”的正面作用相反。10.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。othertypesofphysicalfeedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate意为“改善情绪的其他生理反馈”，与上文肌张力变化衔接。mental、subconscious、internal均不能突出“身体反应引发情绪”的机制。11.答案【B】【解析】考查短语。Accordingtooneclassicaltheoryofemotion意为“根据一种经典的情绪理论”，引出下文理论内容。Exceptfor、Dueto、Asfor均不合引证语境。12.答案【C】【解析】考查介词。ourfeelingsarepartiallyrootedinphysicalreactions中berootedin为固定搭配“植根于”。with、on、at均不能构成这一搭配。13.答案【D】【解析】考查连词。humansdonotcrybecausetheyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow中not…because与后半but形成“不是因悲伤而哭，而是因哭而悲伤”的对照，须用because。unless、until、if均不能构成这一因果否定。14.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。Althoughsadnessalsoprecedestears意为“尽管悲伤也先于泪水”，与后文“情绪也可源自肌肉反应”构成让步转折。exhausts、follows、suppresses均与“先于落泪”的逻辑相反或无关。15.答案【B】【解析】考查介词。emotionscanflowfrommuscularresponses中flowfrom意为“源自、由……产生”。into、towards、beyond均与“从……而来”的语义相反或不合。16.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。askedvolunteerstoholdapeneitherwiththeirteethorwiththeirlips意为“让受试者用牙齿或嘴唇叼住钢笔”，hold与pen搭配自然。fetch、bite、pick均不合实验操作描述。17.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。用嘴唇叼笔会形成向下撇的口型，whichwouldproduceadisappointedexpression即失望的表情，与用牙齿叼笔造成的“artificialsmile”形成对比。excited、joyful、indifferent均不合。18.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmusclesreactedmoreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoons意为“被强制牵动微笑肌的人对滑稽漫画反应更热烈”。adapted、catered、turned均不能与to…cartoons构成“对……作反应”。19.答案【A】【解析】考查分词。suggestingthatexpressions