考研英语一2013年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDrUriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthat8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamebutDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionorastandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorDrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30morepointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers2.[A]minor[B]external[C]crucial[D]objective3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment4.[A]Aboveall[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Forexample5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless6.[A]in[B]for[C]to[D]on7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless8.[A]test[B]emphasize[C]share[D]promote9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success10.[A]found[B]studied[C]chosen[D]identified11.[A]otherwise[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]exceptional12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged14.[A]put[B]got[C]took[D]gave15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced17.[A]below[B]after[C]above[D]before18.[A]jump[B]float[C]fluctuate[D]drop19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard20.[A]necessary[B]possible[C]promising[D]helpfulSectionⅡ ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER(40points)Text1Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,Elizabeththree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable–meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelTheDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygivethisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforherinsensitivitytofashion.obsessionwithhighfashion.poorbargainingskill.lackofimagination.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumerstocombatunnecessarywaste.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningtotolerance.indifference.enthusiasm.accusation.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?hasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.Exposureofamass-marketsecret.Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted–thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastinthisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytoInthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010FederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft’sInternetExplorerandSafaribothofferDNT;Google’sChromeisduetodosothisInFebruarytheFTCandtheDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithWindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.“They’llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingoutIfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:thereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8–thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithonthatcountbefore.BrendonMicrosoft’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:believeconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?ItissuggestedinParagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertiserstoprovidebetteronlineservices.easecompetitionamongthemselves.avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers.lowertheiroperationalcosts.“theindustry”(Line5,Para.3)referstointernetbrowserdevelopers.digitalinformationanalysts.e-commerceconductors.onlineadvertisers.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefaultmaycutthenumberofjunkads.failstoaffecttheadindustry.willnotbenefitconsumers.goesagainsthumannature.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph6?AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose.DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers.Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads.Theauthor’sattitudetowardswhatBrendonsaidinhisblogisoneofindulgence.understanding.appreciation.skepticism.Text3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely–thoughbynomeansuniformly–glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfilmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.mightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears–sowhyshouldn’twe?abroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature(IUCN)andyouwillread:“ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasasitsflagshipprojectamechanicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredbyourdesireforlivesoffulfillment.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks.ourbeliefinequalopportunity.The“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsareasustainedspecies.theworld’sdominantathreattotheenvironment.amisplacedrace.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.offerssolutionstosocialproblems.Ourimmediatefutureishardtoconceive.ensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialtoadoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.drawonourexperiencefromthepast.exploreourabundantresources.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.Science,andHumanity.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture.Text4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday–amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.InArizonaUnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationTheConstitutionalprinciplesthatalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldCongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.ofthethreeobjectingJustices–SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas–agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.TheAdministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausetheydisturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationdeprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information.States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.States’independencefromfederalimmigrationItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActsstoodinfavorofthestates.supportedthefederalstatute.underminedthestates’interests.violatedtheConstitution.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcementisdependentonthestates’support.isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.outweighsthatheldbythestates.rarelygoesagainststatelaws.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.thisenormousresourceisnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallenges,includingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41) Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technolo-gicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.(42) Thisisashame–thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.paraphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpaperstheor“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004.(43) Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theisnottheofavailable _____________________Thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatthesystembechanged:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45) That shouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.Theideaistoforcesocialscientiststointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchange;foodsecurity;marineresearchandthebio-economy;clean,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.Thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthesekeywords.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior:allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanDespitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds–includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate–variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasichumanneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanirrepressibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardenscreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshastodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardeners,theformerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofrelationtoenvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomeless,whichareineffecthomelessgardens,introduceformintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefrom,issointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesinagardenandfeeltheoppressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallforththespiritofplantandanimallife,ifonlysymbolically,throughaclumplikearrangementofmaterials,anintroductionofcolors,smallpoolsofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofthewordgarden,thoughina“liberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia–ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife–assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.SectionⅢ WritingPartADirections:Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingbriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(20points)2013年英语一真题答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。astrengththatgrantstheabilitytomakejudgments意为“一种赋予人判断能力的优势”，grant表“授予、赋予”。submits“提交”、transmits“传送”、delivers“交付”都不能与ability构成“赋予能力”之意。2.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。judgmentswhichareunbiasedbyexternalfactors意为“不受外部因素干扰的判断”，与上句“pooratconsideringbackgroundinformation”呼应。minor、crucial、objective均不能与unbiasedby构成“外部干扰”的语义。3.答案【C】【解析】考查名词。aninabilitytoconsiderthebigpicture为固定表达“看不到全局”，与上句backgroundinformation同指。issue“问题”、vision“视野”、moment“时刻”都不能与thebig构成“全局”之意。4.答案【D】【解析】考查逻辑。上句提出理论推测，本句以法官量刑为例证，用Forexample。Aboveall、Onaverage、Inprinciple均不能引出具体例证。5.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。ajudgefearfulofappearingtoosoftoncrime意为“担心在犯罪问题上显得过于软弱的法官”，fearfulof为固定搭配。fondof“喜爱”、capableof“能够”、thoughtlessof均不合心理动因。6.答案【B】【解析】考查介词。原句ajudgefearfulofappearingtoosoft___crime意为“生怕在犯罪问题上显得过于软弱的法官”。此处soft与crime之间需要一个表示“对（某种行为）态度不够强硬”的介词，for正把“软弱”与“犯罪”连成评价关系，故B。整句的逻辑落点在fearfulofappearingtoosoft上，介词只承担这一评价的指向，不改变句意。7.答案【A】【解析】考查连词。mightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprisonifhehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendants…表示条件，用if。until、though、unless均与“若当天已从轻判过数人则更易严判”的条件逻辑不符。8.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。Totestthisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess意为“为检验这一设想”，test与idea搭配自然。emphasize、share、promote都不能表达“验证假说”。9.答案【D】【解析】考查名词。thesuccessofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers指申请者的录取成败，与下文makeadecisiononwhethertoaccept呼应。decision、quality、status均不能与dependonthefewothers形成这一对比。10.答案【C】【解析】考查分词。thefewotherschosenrandomlyforinterview意为“当天被随机选中面试的其他几人”。found、studied、identified都不能表达“被抽选参加面试”。11.答案【A】【解析】考查副词。butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwasotherwise意为“他怀疑实情并非如此”，otherwise与前半句intheory构成对照。defensible、replaceable、exceptional均不能承接这一转折。12.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。9,323MBAinterviewsconductedby31admissionsofficers中conductinterviews为固定搭配“进行面试”。inspired、expressed、secured均不合。13.答案【B】【解析】考查动词。Theinterviewershadratedapplicantsonascaleofonetofive意为“按1至5分给申请者打分”，rate与scale搭配。assigned、matched、arranged都不能与onascale构成“评分”之意。14.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。Thisscaletooknumerousfactorsintoconside