考研英语一2015年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名..PAGE1.SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has2.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31,932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven 7 theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8 ourkin.”Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,for10,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismoreit.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat12usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13“functionalkinship”ofbeingfriendswith14!Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.[A]when[A]defended[B]why[B]concluded[C]how[C]withdrawn[D]what[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalItisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingcityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory–andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishwhohavemosttofearfromtheexample.ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlofSpaineasedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.endedhisreigninembarrassment.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostlytogivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandowingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharlesfailstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombinedCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThroneCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchsCharles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreatsText2JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone–avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation–issimilarto,goingthroughapurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing”,meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationTheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimatetopreventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.checksuspects’phonecontentswithouthibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneofdisapproval.indifference.tolerance.cautiousness.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringphonecontentsiscomparabletogoingthroughwallet.handlinghistoricalrecords.scanningcorrespondences.gettingintoresidence.InParagraphs5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthatprinciplesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethattheConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution...PAGE10.Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedThepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinanwiththeAmericanthetoaofManuscriptswillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward”and“longoverdue”.“Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexperthesays,buthenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalProfessionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalysedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidacellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,“engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess”.saysthatScience’sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify‘thepapersthatneedscrutiny’inthefirstplace”.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatScienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningtofound.revised.marked.stored.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmayposeathreattoallitspeers.meetwithstrongopposition.increasecirculation.setanexampleforotherjournals.DavidholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnowaddstoresearchers’workload.diminishestheroleofreviewers.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectDataAnalysisFindsItsontoEditors’DesksStatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceText4yearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.Butus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit.”Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:increasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes–findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge–thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsofthein2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.degradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsofthewasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions–norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetbytheconsequencesofthecurrentpanies’financiallossduetoernmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatGlennMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.TheauthorbelievesthatRebekahBrooks’sdefencewashardlyconvincing.centeredontrivialissues.revealedacunningpersonality.waspartofaconspiracy.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshowsamarginalizedlifestyle.unfairwealthdistribution.generallydistortedvalues.arigidmoralcode.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?Thequalityofwritingsisofprimaryimportance.Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER(10points)Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.(41) begintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.inferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.(42) Conceivedinthiscomprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43) Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44) Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage–includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns–debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45) Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest–asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo–thatwebringanimplicit（oftenunacknowledged）agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourse?Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?ofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.makefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity–inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinaformalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.translationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWER(10points)Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration–oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory–sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces–theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinanewcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theIndies,andSouthtoincraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongtheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents,“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnavalstores.SectionIII WritingPartADirections:aregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.anemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethepicturebriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3）giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET.(20points)手机时代的聚会2015年英语一真题答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【D】【解析】考查连接词。Thatiswhatastudy…hasconcluded意为“这正是某项研究所得出的结论”，what在表语从句中作concluded的宾语。when、why、how均不能充当该宾语。2.答案【B】【解析】考查动词。astudy…hasconcluded指研究“得出结论”。defended“辩护”、withdrawn“撤回”、advised“建议”均不合“得出研究结论”之意。3.答案【C】【解析】考查介词。ananalysisconductedon1,932uniquesubjects意为“对1932名受试者所做的分析”，conduct…on为固定搭配。for、with、by均不表“以……为对象”。4.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。whichcomparedpairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers说明研究把“朋友对”与“陌生人对”作比较。sought“寻找”、separated“分离”、connected“连接”都不合基因组对比的设计。5.答案【C】【解析】考查名词。Thesamepeoplewereusedinbothsamples指两组样本使用同一批人。tests“测试”、objects“对象（物）”、examples“例子”均不如samples贴合统计取样语境。6.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。While1%mayseeminsignificant,itisnotsotoageneticist意为“1%看似微不足道，但对遗传学家并非如此”，与后文notso形成对照。unexpected、unreliable、incredible都不能构成这一让步对比。7.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。Mostpeopledonotevenknowtheirfourthcousins意为“多数人连自己的第四代堂表亲都不认识”，与后文“却能选到相似者为友”形成反差。visit、miss、seek均不合。8.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。thepeoplewhoresembleourkin意为“与我们的亲属相像的人”，resemble与上文的基因相似相呼应。influence、favor、surpass都不能表达“相像”。9.答案【B】【解析】考查逻辑。前文说朋友间基因相似，此处补充Thestudyalsofound另一发现（嗅觉基因共享），为并列递进。again、instead、thus均不合。10.答案【D】【解析】考查副词。Perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironments表推测语气，译“或许”。Meanwhile、Furthermore、Likewise均不能表达不确定的推测。11.答案【B】【解析】考查介词。butthereismoretoit为固定表达，意为“事情还不止于此”。about、from、like都不能构成这一习语。12.答案【A】【解析】考查动词。manymechanisms…thatdriveusinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends意为“多种机制驱使我们去选择基因相似的朋友”。observe、confuse、limit均不能表“驱动”。13.答案【B】【解析】考查短语。ratherthan“functionalkinship”与前文“基因相似”构成取舍对照，意为“而不是……”。accordingto、regardlessof、along