考研英语二2017年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.isnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisaofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10 theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’tfollowfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,”saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinThesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16 formostworkers,peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17 oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardwork,Ioftenfeel 18 ,”Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”–perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself 19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20 matters.[A]boasting [B]denying [C]warning [D]ensuring[A]inequality [B]instability [C]unreliability [D]uncertainty[A]policy [B]guideline [C]resolution [D]prediction[A]characterized[B]divided [C]balanced [D]measured[A]wisdom [B]meaning [C]glory [D]freedom[A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus [D]Nevertheless[A]rich [B]urban [C]working [D]educated[A]explanation [B]requirement [C]compensation [D]substitute[A]under [B]beyond [C]alongside [D]among[A]leavebehind [B]makeup [C]worryabout [D]setaside[A]statistically [B]occasionally[C]necessarily [D]economically[A]chances [B]downsides [C]benefits [D]principles[A]absence [B]height [C]face [D]course[A]disturb [B]restore [C]exclude [D]yield[A]model [B]practice [C]virtue [D]hardship[A]tricky [B]lengthy [C]mysterious [D]scarce[A]demands [B]standards [C]qualities [D]threats[A]ignored [B]tired [C]confused [D]starved[A]off [B]against [C]behind [D]into[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational [D]interpersonalSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereOlympic“legacy”isfailing.yearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetoleveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012–butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods–makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas .gainedgreatpopularitycreatedmanyjobsstrengthenedcommunitytiesbecomeanofficialfestivalTheauthorbelievesthatOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto .boostpopulationgrowthpromotesportparticipationimprovetheimageincreasesporthoursinschoolsParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit .aimsatdiscoveringtalentsfocusesonmasscompetitiondoesnotemphasizeelitismdoesnotattractfirst-timersregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould .organize“grassroots”sportseventssuperviselocalsportsassociationsincreasefundsforsportsclubsinvestinpublicsportsfacilitiesTheauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis .tolerantcriticaluncertainsympatheticText2Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive–astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice–itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoaverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:basedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeannovaluetoit–particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheThiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto .simplifyroutinemattersabsorbuserattentionbetterinterpersonalrelationsincreaseworkefficiencyRadesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices .takesawaybabies’appetitedistractschildren’sattentionslowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopmentreducesmother-childcommunicationRadeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat .itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressionsverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchangechildrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’moodparentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneedsTheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto .protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasiesteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayearensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildrenremainconcernedaboutkids’useofscreensAccordingtoTronick,kids’useofscreensmay .givetheirparentssomefreetimemaketheirparentsmorecreativehelpthemwiththeirhomeworkhelpthembecomemoreattentiveText3widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapAfterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,notagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.alwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloraButcommonagapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits–infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges–allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.notnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.agapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat .theythinkitacademicallymisleadingtheyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollegeitfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothersitseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscoursesStudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps .keepstudentsfrombeingunrealisticlowerrisksinchoosingcareerseasefreshmen’sfinancialburdensrelievefreshmenofpressuresTheword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto .adaptationapplicationmotivationcompetitionAgapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem .avoidacademicfailuresestablishlong-termgoalsswitchtoanothercollegedecideontherightmajorThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe .InFavoroftheGapTheABCsoftheGapTheGapComesBackTheGapADilemmaText4Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires–nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheotherwork–suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep–thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?alreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,”hesays.needtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,aminute,isthisOK?’Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researcherssay.Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange–howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestoftheequation.“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,”hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire’sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.disconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfireain.exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementeffortsconsumedarecord-highpercentageofbudgetseverelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstatescausedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditureMoritzcallsfortheuseof“amagnifyingglass”to .raisemorefundsforfire-proneareasavoidtheredirectionoffederalmoneyfindwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeguaranteesaferspendingofpublicfundsWhileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat .publicdebateshavenotsettledyetfire-fightingconditionsareimprovingotherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplaceTheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto .discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnatureexplorethemechanismofthehumansystemsmaximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeunderstandtheinterrelationsofmanandnatureProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould .doawaywithcometotermswithpayapriceforkeepawayfromPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER(10points)ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump.“Wedon’tmakeanythinganymore,”hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers–andupwardpressureonwages.“They’rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,”saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey’vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoingaswellasmanufacturing.”Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers.Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoppercoilstryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.hisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering.“Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,”hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,”saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsaren’tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,”saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege.“There’reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon’tneedtohavemuchskill.It’sthatgapinbetween,andthat’swheretheproblemis.”JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.“Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,”shesays.[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworkingwithtools.41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon’tneedmuchskill.42.JasonStenquist[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn’tmanufactureanythinganymore.43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitistokeepaontheageofhisworkers.44.RobSpohr[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersarehardertofindbecauseofstiffcompetition.45.JulieParks[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoungpeopleintomanufacturing.[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthelay-offoftheyoungpeople’sparents.SectionIII TranslationDirectionsTranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.yearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,ItookasewinganddesigncoursethinkingthatIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealizedIwasnotgoodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecidedthatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwouldstudyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavouriteactivities.But,tobehonest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream–Iknewthatnoonecouldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!SoIdecidedtolookforsomefashion-relatedcoursesthatincludedwriting.ThisiswhenInoticedthecourse“FashionMedia&Promotion.”SectionIV WritingPartADirections:SupposeyouareinvitedbyProfessorWilliamstogiveapresentationaboutChineseculturetoagroupofinternationalstudents.Writeareplytoaccepttheinvitation,andintroducethekeypointsofyourpresentation.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【C】【解析】withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain___thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers指学者与活动人士再度“警告”，warning正确；boasting吹嘘、denying否认、ensuring确保都不合“技术取代人工”的语境。2.答案【A】【解析】Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby___:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital冒号后的解释指向贫富分化，inequality正确；instability不稳定、unreliability不可靠、uncertainty不确定都不如inequality与“少数人占有全部资本”对应。3.答案【D】【解析】Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive___holdsthat...指另一种“预测”，prediction正确；policy政策、guideline准则、resolution决议都不合。4.答案【A】【解析】awastelandofadifferentsort,one___bypurposelessness为过去分词短语作定语，表示“以无目的性为特征”，characterized正确；divided分割、balanced平衡、measured衡量均不合。5.答案【B】【解析】Withoutjobstogivetheirlives___,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed指工作赋予生活“意义”，meaning正确；wisdom智慧、glory荣耀、freedom自由都不如meaning与“失去工作”贴切。6.答案【B】【解析】___,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime前句为推测，本句以调查数据证实，用Indeed（确实）承接最自然；Instead反而、Thus因此（表结果）、Nevertheless然而都不如Indeed表“证实”。7.答案【C】【解析】doubletheratefor___Americans与“失业至少一年者”对照，指有工作的美国人，working正确；rich富有、urban城市、educated受教育都不构成对照项。8.答案【A】【解析】someresearchsuggeststhatthe___forrisingratesofmortality...isashortageofwell-paidjobs指对高死亡率、心理问题与成瘾的“解释”，explanation正确；requirement要求、compensation补偿、substitute替代品均不合。9.答案【D】【解析】theexplanation...___poorly-educated,middle-agedpeople指在某一群体“之中”，among正确；under在……之下、beyond超出、alongside与……并列都不合。10.答案【C】【解析】Perhapsthisiswhymany___theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture指人们“担忧”无工作的将来，worryabout正确；leavebehind留下、makeup编造、setaside搁置均不合。11.答案【C】【解析】Butitdoesn't___followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease为固定搭配notnecessarilyfollow（未必就能推出），necessarily正确；statistically统计上、occasionally偶尔、economically经济上都不合。12.答案【B】【解析】Suchvisionsarebasedonthe___ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment指失业的“弊端”，downsides正确；chances可能性、benefits好处、principles原则均与“焦虑图景”矛盾。13.答案【A】【解析】Inthe___ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmind为固定搭配intheabsenceof（在缺少……的情况下），absence正确；height高度、face面对、course过程均不合。14.答案【D】【解析】could___strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure指“产生”不同的境况，yield正确；disturb扰乱、restore恢复、exclude排除都不合。15.答案【C】【解析】Today,the___ofworkmaybeabitoverblown后文引“许多工作无聊、有损尊严”说明工作的“价值/美德”被夸大，virtue正确；model模式、practice实践、hardship艰苦都不合。16.答案【D】【解析】becauseleisuretimeisrelatively___formostworkers指闲暇时间相对“稀缺”，scarce正确；tricky棘手、lengthy漫长、mysterious神秘均不合。17.答案【A】【解析】peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional___oftheirjobs指工作带来的智力与情感“要求、消耗”，demands正确；standards标准、qualities品质、threats威胁均不如demands与counterbalance呼应。18.答案【B】【解析】“WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel___”后文说若有自由会“感觉大不相同”，此处应指“疲惫”，tired正确；ignored被忽视、confused困惑、starved饥饿都不合。19.答案【D】【解析】throwhimself___ahobbyorapassionproject为固定搭配throwoneselfinto（投身于），into正确；off、against、behind都不构成该搭配。20.答案【B】【解析】withtheintensityusuallyreservedfor___matters指人们通常把这种强度用于“职业”事务，professional正确；technological技术的、educational教育的、interpersonal人际的均不合。21.答案【A】【解析】首段称每周六5万人跑步、英国已有400场活动并向海外扩展，说明其广受欢迎，gainedgreatpopularity正确；B创造就业、C加强社区纽带、D成为官方节日均无据（原文说由志愿者组织、免费）。22.答案【B】【解析】第二段说奥运遗产的承诺是leveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches，而事实是Ithasnothappened、参加人数加速下降，说明未能提升运动参与度，promotesportparticipation正确；A促进人口增长、C改善城市形象、D增加学校运动课时均非“legacy失败”所指。23.答案【C】【解析】第三段指出Parkrun不是比赛而是计时跑，Theethoswelcomesanybody；而奥运Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers，即Parkrun不强调精英性，doesnotemphasizeelitism正确；A发现人才、B注重大众竞争、D不吸引新手均与原文相反。24.答案【D】【解析】第四段主张政府应providingcommongoods–makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts，即投资公共体育设施，investinpublicsportsfacilities正确；A组织基层赛事（原文说政府介入grassroots概念有点荒谬）、B监管地方协会、C增加俱乐部经费均不符。25.答案【B】【解析】第四段批评successivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation，态度为批评，critical正确；tolerant宽容、uncertain不确定、sympathetic同情均不符。26.答案【B】【解析】首段称Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin...digitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement，即设计目的是吸引并占据用户注意力，absorbuserattention正确；A简化日常事务、C改善人际关系、D提高工作效率均不符。27.答案【D】【解析】第二段实验显示母亲使用设备时与孩子的言语互动减少20%、非言语互动减少39%，即减少母子交流，reducesmother-childcommunication正确；A抑制婴儿食欲、B分散孩子注意力（原文说孩子努力争取注意）、C延缓语言发展均不符。28.答案【D】【解析】第三段引“静止脸实验”说明父母面无表情会让孩子不安，并总结parentsneedt