考研英语二2011年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheCanprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thecyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheasaferplace–a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer,andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8 afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Userscould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12 ,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”incyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13 community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns.”Still,theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“driver’slicense”mentality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1．[A]swept[B]skipped[C]walked[D]ridden2．[A]for[B]within[C]while[D]though3．[A]careless[B]lawless[C]pointless[D]helpless4．[A]reason[B]reminder[C]compromise[D]proposal5．[A]information[B]interference[C]entertainment[D]equivalent6．[A]by[B]into[C]from[D]over7．[A]linked[B]directed[C]chained[D]compared8．[A]dismiss[B]discover[C]create[D]improve9．[A]recall[B]suggest[C]select[D]realize10．[A]released[B]issued[C]distributed[D]delivered11．[A]carryon[B]lingeron[C]setin[D]login12．[A]Invain[B]Ineffect[C]Inreturn[D]Incontrast13．[A]trusted[B]modernized[C]thriving[D]competing14．[A]caution[B]delight[C]confidence[D]patience15．[A]on[B]after[C]beyond[D]across16．[A]divided[B]disappointed[C]protected[D]united17．[A]frequently[B]incidentally[C]occasionally[D]eventually18．[A]skepticism[B]tolerance[C]indifference[D]enthusiasm19．[A]manageable[B]defendable[C]vulnerable[D]invisible20．[A]invited[B]appointed[C]allowed[D]forcedSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfoundthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasesbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup,”leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor .gainingexcessiveprofitsfailingtofulfillherdutyrefusingtomakecompromisesleavingtheboardintoughtimeslearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe .generousinvestorsunbiasedexecutivessharepriceforecastersindependentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversity,afteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto .becomemorestablereportincreasedearningsdolesswellinthestockmarketperformworseinlawsuitsItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors .maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmhaveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirmareaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmwilldeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis .permissivepositivescornfulcriticalText2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcorneroftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.thesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspapersareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.Bysaying“Newspaperslike...theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspapers .neglectedthesignofcrisisfailedtogetstatesubsidieswerenotcharitablecorporationswereinadesperatesituationSomenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause .readersthreatenedtopaylessnewspaperswantedtoreducecostsjournalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareassubscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproductsComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey .havemoresourcesofrevenuehavemorebalancednewsroomsarelessdependentonadvertisingarelessaffectedbyreadershipWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe .AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvivalAmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeAmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusinessAmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStoryText3tendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothanMies.Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthanalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood–materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller–two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet–thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses–usuallyaround1,200squarefeet–thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thThe“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,RalphRapsonmayhavemispredictedjusthowthemechanicalrevolutionwouldimpacteverydaylife–fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers–buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’ .prosperityandgrowthefficiencyandpracticalityrestraintandconfidenceprideandfaithfulnessWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3abouttheBauhaus?ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyII.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign .wasrelatedtolargespacewasidentifiedwithemptinesswasnotreliantonabundantdecorationwasnotassociatedwithefficiencyWhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuiltonLakeShoreDrive?Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouses”?Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.Text4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfacesanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonisationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonise.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowing,spendingandcompetitiveness,backedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projects,andeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern”campheadedbyFrancewantssomethingdifferent:“Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFranchgovernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonisation:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalisation,andmakecapitalismbenign.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat .ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarketsevenitssupportersbegintofeelconcernedsomeofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuroitintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluationThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers_____.arecompetingfortheleadingpositionarebusyhandlingtheirowncrisesfailtoreachanagreementonharmonisationdisagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegrationsolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat .EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreasedstricterregulationsbeimposedonlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordinationvotingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteedTheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat .poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfundsstrictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountriesloanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountriesrichcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobondsRegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel .pessimisticdesperateconceitedhopefulPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment’sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose“fattaxes”onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarette-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary,AndrewLansley,whoinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreebusinessesfrompublichealthregulations.Butseniormedicalfigureswanttostopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools,restrictadvertisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain’saddictiontounhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceStephenson,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionofunhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassomkingorexcessivedrinking.“Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokingintheworkplaceorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arewewillingtobejustascourageousinrespectofobesity?Iwouldsuggestthatweshouldbe,”saidtheleaderoftheUK’schildren’sdoctors.Lansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignersbysuggestinghewantsindustryratherthangovernmenttotakethelead.HesaidthatmanufacturersofcrispsandcandiescouldplayacentralroleintheChange4Lifecampaign,thecentrepieceofgovernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeatingandfitness.HehasalsocriticisedthecelebritychefJamieOliver’shigh-profileattempttoimproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow“lecturing”peoplewasnotthebestwaytochangetheirbehaviour.StephensonsuggestedpotentialrestrictionscouldincludebanningTVadvertisementsforfoodshighinfat,saltorsugarbefore9pmandlimitingthemonbillboardsorincinemas.“Ifwewerereallybold,wemightevenbegintothinkofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes–bysettingstrictlimitsonadvertising,productplacementandsponsorshipofsportsevents,”hesaid.SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootballAssociation.Fast-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecredittolureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront.”Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolsandhospitals–areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:needtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganew‘responsibilitydeal’withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,notstateregulation.Laterthisyear,wewillpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis.”Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimposedonfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.41.AndrewLansleyheldthat[B]thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools.42.TerenceStephensonagreedthat[C]“lecturing”wasaneffectivewaytoimproveschoollunchesinEngland.43.JamieOliverseemedtobelievethat[D]cigarette-style warnings should beintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.44.DineshBhugrasuggestedthat[E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChange4Lifecampaign.45.ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonproposedthat[F]parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesenseofresponsibilityamongbusinesses.SectionIII TranslationDirections:isainiton2.(15points)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo–roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.SectionIV WritingPartASupposeyourcousinLiMinghasjustbeenadmittedtoauniversity.Writehim/heralettertoandgivehim/heronhowtogetpreparedforlife.shouldwrite100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechartandgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【A】【解析】theexplosionofcyber-crimethathas___acrosstheWeb指网络犯罪“席卷”全网，swept正确；skipped跳过、walked走、ridden骑均不合。2.答案【C】【解析】Canprivacybepreserved___bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworld表“在……的同时”，while正确；for、within、though均不合该并列对照。3.答案【B】【解析】aworldthatseemsincreasingly___后文谈网络犯罪泛滥、无政府状态，故为“无法无天”，lawless正确；careless粗心、pointless无意义、helpless无助均不如lawless与犯罪语境呼应。4.答案【D】【解析】offeredthefederalgovernmenta___tomaketheWebasaferplace指提出“方案”，proposal正确；reason理由、reminder提醒、compromise妥协均不合。5.答案【D】【解析】a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech___ofaphysicalkey指“对应物、等价物”，equivalent正确；information信息、interference干扰、entertainment娱乐均不合。6.答案【B】【解析】aphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled___one为固定短语rollintoone（合为一体），into正确；by、from、over均不合。7.答案【A】【解析】adigitalcredential___toaspecificcomputer指“与特定电脑相绑定”，linked正确；directed指向、chained用链锁住、compared比较均不如linked中性贴切。8.答案【C】【解析】Theideaisto___afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems指“建立”一个联盟，create正确；dismiss解散、discover发现、improve改进均不合。9.答案【C】【解析】Userscould___whichsystemtojoin指用户“选择”加入哪个体系，select正确；recall回忆、suggest建议、realize意识到均不合。10.答案【B】【解析】anInternetdriver’slicense___bythegovernment指由政府“发放”，issued正确；released发布、distributed分发、delivered递送均不如issued用于证照。11.答案【D】【解析】usersto___justoncebutusemanydifferentservices指“登录”一次即可使用多项服务，login正确；carryon继续、lingeron逗留、setin开始均不合。12.答案【B】【解析】___,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”incyberspace表“实际上、有效地说”，Ineffect正确；Invain徒劳、Inreturn作为回报、Incontrast相反均不合。13.答案【A】【解析】toestablishasenseofa___community前文称safeneighborhoods、brightstreetlights，意指“可信赖的”社区，trusted正确；modernized现代化的、thriving繁荣的、competing竞争的均不如trusted与“安全可靠”呼应。14.答案【C】【解析】individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith___,trustingtheidentitiesofeachother指“有信心地”完成交易，confidence正确；caution谨慎、delight喜悦、patience耐心均与trusting不符。15.答案【A】【解析】theinfrastructure___whichthetransactionruns为介词前置的定语从句，runontheinfrastructure，on正确；after、beyond、across均不合。16.答案【A】【解析】theadministration’splanhas___privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaud;othersareconcerned说明隐私倡导者意见分裂，divided正确；disappointed使失望（与“有人赞赏”不符）、protected保护、united联合均不合。17.答案【D】【解析】aninitiativepushtowardwhatwould___beacompulsoryInternet“driver’slicense”mentality指“最终”会变成强制，eventually正确；frequently频繁、incidentally顺便、occasionally偶尔均不合。18.答案【A】【解析】Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith___bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworry后文是担忧，故为“怀疑”，skepticism正确；tolerance容忍、indifference漠然、enthusiasm热情均不符。19.答案【C】【解析】wouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet___指仍让大部分网络“脆弱可攻”，vulnerable正确；manageable可管理、defendable可防御、invisible看不见均不合专家的担忧。20.答案【D】【解析】allInternetusersshouldbe___toregisterandidentifythemselves与后文“如司机须持照上路”并列，即“被强制”注册，forced正确；invited邀请、appointed任命、allowed允许均不合。21.答案【B】【解析】首段说Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked，即被批评未尽外部董事职责，failingtofulfillherduty正确；A获取超额