考研英语二2013年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon“revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”–ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccount,whichmeansthatofoninpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise[A]off [B]back [C]over [D]around[A]power [B]concept [C]history [D]role[A]reverse [B]resist [C]resume [D]reward[A]silent [B]sudden [C]slow [D]steady[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]on[A]expensive [B]imaginative [C]sensitive [D]productive[A]similar [B]original [C]temporary [D]dominant[A]collect [B]copy [C]provide [D]print[A]giveup [B]takeover [C]bringback [D]passdown[A]before [B]after [C]since [D]when[A]kept [B]borrowed [C]withdrawn [D]released[A]Unless [B]Because [C]Until [D]Though[A]hide [B]express [C]ease [D]raise[A]analyzed [B]shared [C]stored [D]displayed[A]unsafe [B]unnatural [C]unclear [D]uncommon[A]steal [B]choose [C]benefit [D]return[A]consideration[B]prevention [C]manipulation [D]justification[A]callfor [B]fightagainst[C]adaptto [D]copewith[A]chunk [B]chip [C]trail [D]pathSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayislargelybecauseofthebigdropindemandbecauseoftheGreatRecession,butitisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworkers.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra–theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sanAs10infactoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs–about6millionintotal–disappeared.”Therewillalwaysbechange–newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate .theimpactoftechnologicaladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemillsthedeclineofmiddle-classincomesAccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto .workoncheapsoftwareaskforamoderatesalaryadoptanaveragelifestylecontributesomethinguniqueThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat .gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerasedjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforenewjobsandserviceshavebeenofferedAccordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis .toacceleratetheI.T.revolutiontoensuremoreeducationforpeopletoadvanceeconomicglobalizationtopassmorebillsinthe21stcenturyWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?NewLawTakesEffect.TechnologyGoesCheap.AverageIsOver.RecessionIsBad.Text2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho .stayinaforeigncountrytemporarilyleavetheirhomecountriesforgoodimmigrateacrosstheAtlanticfindpermanentjobsoverseasItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheUS .needsnewimmigrantcategorieshasloosenedcontroloverimmigrantsshouldbeadaptedtomeetchallengeshasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeansAccordingtotheauthor,today’sbirdsofpassagewant .financialincentivesaglobalrecognitionthefreedomtostayandleaveopportunitiestogetregularjobsTheauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated .asfaithfulpartnerswithlegaltolerancewitheconomicfavorsasmightyrivalsThemostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe .ComeandGo:BigMistakeLivingandThriving:GreatRiskWithorWithout:GreatRiskLegalorIllegal:BigMistakeText3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases–orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogscanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay .predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgmentprovethecomplexityofourbrainreactiondependontheimportanceoftheassessmentvaryaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituationOurreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions .canbeassociativearenotunconsciouscanbedangerousarenotimpulsiveToreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould .trustourfirstimpressionthinkbeforeweactdoaspeopleusuallydoaskforexpertadviceJohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionsarebasedon .criticalassessment“thinsliced”studyadequateinformationsensibleexplanationTheauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis .tolerantoptimisticuncertainDoubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyuntilwomenarepartofseniordecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropeancorporateboards.TheEuropeanUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen–upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeanCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalsof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.Doweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateladderfairlyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idon’tlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding’sreluctance–andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governancebythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeaswellastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotoppositions–nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower–as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook–theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepublicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen–whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers–andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally .womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedseniormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis .areflectionofgenderbalancearesponsetoReding’scallareluctantchoiceavoluntaryactionAccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen .gettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresultsTheauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof .skepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof .moresocialjusticemassivemediaattentionsuitablepublicpoliciesgreater“softpressure”PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA–Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41–45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)LivelikeapeasantBalanceyourdietShopkeepersareyourfriendsRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningiseverythingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.“Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything.”Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositive,buthe’llcarryonblogging–notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan–“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood”–buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41. Impulsivespendingisn’tanoption,soplanyourweek’smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,you’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42. Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you’llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43. Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer–that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gooff”willbecookedorjuiced.44. Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey’veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,they’llletyouhaveforfree.45. Youwon’tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreattoasetlunchatagood–£1.75aweekforthreegivesyou£21–morethanforalunchatIt’s£16.95there–or£12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat.SectionIII TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.I’vebeenabletodothissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes–trytoputittooneside.Idon’tthinkit’sharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn’tmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalplayHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday–theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIV WritingPartADirections:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailtoinformthemaboutthedetails,andencouragethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【B】【解析】前句说“你或许以为我们会迅速走向无现金社会”，本句说“真正的无现金社会大概还不会马上到来”，前后转折，However正确；Moreover递进、Therefore因此、Otherwise否则都不合。2.答案【D】【解析】predictionshavebeen___fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition指“预言已存在二十年”，around（存在、流传）正确；off、back、over均不与predictionshavebeen搭配表“存在”。3.答案【B】【解析】wouldsoon“revolutionizethevery___ofmoneyitself”后文说只过了几年该刊又自打嘴巴，强调的是货币“概念”被颠覆，concept正确；power权力、history历史、role作用均不如concept贴切。4.答案【A】【解析】onlyto___itselfseveralyearslater指该刊“自我否定/反悔”，reverse正确；resist抵抗、resume恢复、reward奖励均不合。5.答案【C】【解析】Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso___incoming?下文列举多项阻碍，说明进程“缓慢”，slow正确；silent沉默、sudden突然、steady稳定均不合。6.答案【B】【解析】severalfactorswork___thedisappearanceofthepapersystem指多重要素“阻碍”纸币体系消亡，against正确；for支持、with与、on在……上都不合workagainst的搭配。7.答案【A】【解析】itisvery___tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworks指建设成本高，故为“昂贵”，expensive正确；imaginative富有想象、sensitive敏感、productive高效均不合。8.答案【D】【解析】necessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe___formofpayment指使电子货币成为“主导”形式，dominant正确；similar相似、original原创、temporary临时都不合“取代纸币”。9.答案【C】【解析】papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey___receipts指支票能“提供”收据，provide正确；collect收集、copy复制、print打印都不如provide与advantage呼应。10.答案【A】【解析】somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto___指消费者不愿“放弃”收据这一好处，giveup正确；takeover接管、bringback带回、passdown传承均不合。11.答案【A】【解析】ittakesseveraldays___acheckiscashed为固定句式Ittakes+时间+before...，before正确；after、since、when都不合。12.答案【C】【解析】fundsare___fromtheissuer'saccount指款项从出票人账户“划出、提取”，withdrawn正确；kept保留、borrowed借用、released释放均不合。13.答案【B】【解析】___electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloat前为原因、后为结果，Because正确；Unless除非、Until直到、Though虽然都不表因果。14.答案【D】【解析】electronicmeansofpaymentmay___securityandprivacyconcerns指“引起”安全与隐私担忧，raise正确；hide掩盖、express表达、ease缓解都与后文“担忧存在”相反。15.答案【C】【解析】alterinformation___there为过去分词短语作定语，指“存储于其中的信息”，stored正确；analyzed分析、shared分享、displayed展示均不如stored与database呼应。16.答案【D】【解析】Thefactthatthisisnotan___occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccounts指此类事件并不“罕见”，uncommon正确；unsafe不安全、unnatural不自然、unclear不清楚均不合。17.答案【A】【解析】mightbeabletoaccessbankaccounts...and___fromsomeoneelse'saccounts指从他人账户“盗取”，steal正确；choose选择、benefit获益（须benefitfrom，但对象不当）、return归还均不合。18.答案【B】【解析】The___ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask指“防范”此类欺诈不易，prevention正确；consideration考虑、manipulation操纵、justification辩护均不合。19.答案【D】【解析】anewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto___securityissues指“应对”安全问题，copewith正确；callfor要求、fightagainst对抗（对象不当）、adaptto适应都不如copewith中性贴切。20.答案【C】【解析】leavesanelectronic___thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata指留下“电子痕迹”，trail正确；chunk大块、chip芯片、path路径都不如trail与leave搭配。21.答案【A】【解析】首段“一人一狗”的纺织厂笑话说明现代工厂自动化程度之高，用以说明技术进步的影响，theimpactoftechnologicaladvances正确；B缓解就业压力、C纺织厂萎缩、D中产收入下降均非该笑话的说明对象。22.答案【D】【解析】第三段说everyoneneedstofindtheirextra–theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandout，即要有独特贡献，contributesomethingunique正确；A用廉价软件工作、B要求中等薪水、C采取平庸生活方式均与原文相反。23.答案【B】【解析】第四段引文说Inthe10yearsendingin2009,factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years，说明岗位消失速度极快，jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed正确；A技术收益被抹去（原文是“抹去前70年的增岗成果”）、C工厂利润减少、D出现新岗位与新服务均非引文要说明的。24.答案【B】【解析】末段明确nothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopost-highschooleducation，即确保更多人接受教育，toensuremoreeducationforpeople正确；A加速信息技术革命、C推进经济全球化、D通过更多法案（原文是“类似退伍军人法案的一项法案”，非“更多法案”）均不符。25.答案【C】【解析】全文核心论点是“平庸时代已结束、须有独特价值”，最适合作标题的是AverageIsOver，AverageIsOver正确；A新法生效、B技术变廉价、D衰退很糟均非主旨。26.答案【A】【解析】首段说birdsofpassage指thosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandthengohome，即短期居留者，stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily正确；B永久离开本国、C跨大西洋移民、D在海外找到永久工作均不符。27.答案【C】【解析】第二段说现行二分框架造成了brokenimmigrationsystem与长期政治僵局，Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal，暗示应调整制度以应对挑战，shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges正确；A需要新的移民分类（原文明说Wedon'tneedmorecategories）、B已放松管制、D已通过政治手段修好均与原文相反。28.答案【C】【解析】第三段说Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem，即希望保有来去自由，thefreedomtostayandleave正确；A经济激励、B全球认可、D获得正规工作的机会均不符。29.答案【B】【解析】第四、五段主张Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws...Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthere，并要openingupthemiddleground，即对这类人应予法律上的宽容，withlegaltolerance正确；A忠实伙伴、C经济优待、D强劲对手均不符。30.答案【D】【解析】全文批评以“合法/非法”二分看待移民是错误做法，最适合作标题的是LegalorIllegal:BigMistake，LegalorIllegal:BigMistake正确；A来去自如是大错、B生活兴旺是巨大风险、C有证无证皆大风险均与作者立场相反。31.答案【D】【解析】第二段指出判断对方是否危险可“毫秒级”反应，而要判断是否合群则atleastaminute,preferablyfive，说明所需时间随情境紧迫性而变，varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation正确；A预先决定判断准确性、B证明大脑反应的复杂性、C取决于评估的重要性（原文未提“重要性”维度）均不符。32.答案【A】【解析】第三段说Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe'redoing，即快速判断带“联想”性质，canbeassociative正确；B并非无意识（原文说unconsciously）、C可能危险、D并非冲动均与原文相反。33.答案【B】【解析】第四段主张Ifweknowwewilloverreact...wecantakeamomentbeforebuying，即行动前先思考，thinkbeforeweact正确；A相信第一印象、C随大流、D求专家建议均不符。34.答案【C】【解析】第五段说wequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy，即可靠的快速判断建立在充分信息之上，adequateinformation正确；A批判性评估、B薄片式研究（原文说须以“厚片式”研究为基础）、D合理说明均不符。35.答案【B】【解析】末段说Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend，语气积极，optimistic正确；tolerant宽容、uncertain不确定、doubtful怀疑均不符。36.答案【B】【解析】首段指出Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven...Europe'stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale，且女性仅占董事会14%，说明男性掌握最终决定权，menhavethefinalsay正确；A女性主导、C公司治理不堪重负、D高管层家庭友好均与原文相反。37.答案【C】【解析】第二段说该立法Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration（因自愿倡议失败而生），属“不得已的选择”，areluctantchoice正确；A性别平衡的体现、B对Reding呼吁的回应（原文是倡议失败后才立法）、D自愿行动均不符。38.答案【A】【解析】第三段引Reding：quota“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling”，且结果见于法国等国女性进入高层，即帮助女性取得企业高层职位，gettopbusinesspositions正确；B看穿玻璃天花板（原文是“打破”）、C平衡工作与家庭、D预期法律结果均不符。39.答案【D】【解析】第五段作者说IunderstandReding'sreluctance–andherfrustration...itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered，对配额持认可态度，approval正确；skepticism怀疑、objectiveness客观、indifference漠然均不合。40.答案【C】【解析】末段说Sandberg之所以备受关注preciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule，而Ifappropriatepublicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen...Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthy，可见其成为头条是因为缺少合适的公共政策，suitablepublicpolicies正确；A更多社会正义、B大量媒体关注、D更大“软压力”均不合。41.答案【