考研英语二2014年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWER(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.3,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined6bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI7bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.8,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatisConversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.wehavea(n)14tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes15inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes16withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.17veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign20childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubted[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inrespectsof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.satisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyWhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime–asstoriesormemories–particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbeiftofriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMcDonald’srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib–amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.thelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?Abighouse.Aspecialtour.AstylishArichmeal.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis .criticalsupportivesympatheticambiguousMcRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat .consumersaresometimesirrationalpopularityusuallycomesafterqualitymarketingtricksareofteneffectiveraritygenerallyincreasespleasureAccordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney .hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticismmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchasehaspredictedawiderincomegapintheUSmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievementThistextmainlydiscusseshowto .balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteriesobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspentbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericanhaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers–allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.rose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.becomedefensivewhencriticised,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.stalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehaviouralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthanhavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.recognition,readstheis“anautomaticpsychologicalprocess,occurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage–whichmostdid–theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancedthemost(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpictureswerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,”saysareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.Knowingtheresultsofitmakessensethatmanypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvesviscerally–ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.notthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaofWisconsin-MadisonUniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves.”Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat .ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhighillusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffectourneedforleadershipisunnaturalself-enhancingstrategiesareineffectiverecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s .rapidmatchingconsciouschoiceintuitiveresponseautomaticself-defenceEpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto .underestimatetheirinsecuritiesbelieveintheirattractivenesscoveruptheirdepressionsoversimplifytheirillusionsTheword“viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto .instinctivelyoccasionallyparticularlyaggressivelyItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisaself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan .presenttheirdishonestprofilesdefinetheirtraditionallifestylessharetheirintellectualpursuitswithholdtheirunflatteringsidesText3Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.Andyet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnowsimplyexperiencingthepainfulsideofaboomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Sincetechnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinuetorestructureoureconomyinwayswecannotimmediatelyforesee.Whenthereisrapidimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobsthatwereoncethoughttobeimmunefromautomationsuddenlybecomethreatened.Thisargumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebookRaceAgainsttheMachine,byErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromCenterforDigitalBusiness.Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerofPullandotherbooks,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsaresovulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.HagelsayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobe“tightlyscripted”and“highlystandardized”onesthatleavenoroomfor“individualinitiativeorcreativity”.Inshort,thesearethetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperformmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.ThatishowwehaveputagianttargetsignonthebacksofAmericanworkers,Hagelsays.timetoreinventtheformulaforhowworkisconducted,sincewearestillrelyingonavery20thcenturynotionofwork,Hagelsays.Inourrapidlychangingwemorethaneverneedpeopleintheworkplacewhocantakeinitiativeandexercisetheirimagination“torespondtounexpectedevents”.Thatisnotsomethingmachinesaregoodat.Theyaredesignedtoperformverypredictableactivities.AsHagelnotes,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointintheirbook.needtoreframeraceagainstthemachineasracewiththemachine.Inotherwords,weneedtolookatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugmenthumanlaborratherthanreplaceit.Sothentheproblemisnotreallyabouttechnology,butrather,“howdoweinnovateourinstitutionsandourworkpractices?”Accordingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould .easethecompetitionofmanvs.machinehighlightmachines’threattohumanjobsprovokeapainfultechnologicalrevolutionoutmodeourcurrenteconomicstructureTheauthorsofRaceAgainsttheMachinearguethat .technologyisdiminishingjobopportunitiesautomationisacceleratingtechnologicaldevelopmentcertainjobswillremainintactafterautomationmanwillfinallywintheraceagainstmachineHagelarguesthatjobsintheU.S.areoften .performedbyinnovativemindsscriptedwithanindividualstylestandardizedwithoutacleartargetdesignedagainsthumancreativityAccordingtothelastparagraph,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed .thepredictabilityofmachinebehaviorinpracticetheformulaforhowworkisconductedefficientlythewaysmachinesreplacehumanlaborinmoderntimesthenecessityofhumaninvolvementintheworkplaceWhichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?HowtoInnovateOurPractices?MachinesReplaceHumanLaborCantheRaceAgainstMachines?EconomicDownturnsStimulateInnovationsText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandHousingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?someextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.havenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureprojects,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.listsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifitreturnstoThehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntotheeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.needtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Whilethegovernment’scommitmenttolong-termfundingmayhavechanged,theverypressingneedformoreaffordablehousingisrealandisnotgoingTheauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector .hasattractedmuchattentioninvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsshoulderstoomuchresponsibilityhaslostitsrealvalueineconomyItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas .increaseditshomesupplyofferedspendingopportunitiessufferedgovernmentbiasesdisappointedthegovernmentAccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay .allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomespreparetoreducehousingstockdebtreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecastItcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould .lowerthecostsofregisteredproviderslessentheimpactofgovernmentinterferencecontributetofundingnewdevelopmentsrelievetheministersofresponsibilitiesTheauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay .implementmorepoliciestosupporthousingreviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrantsrenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogrammestopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER(10points)EmerginginthelateSixtiesandreachingapeakintheSeventies,LandArtwasoneofarangeofnewforms,includingBodyArt,PerformanceArt,ActionArtandInstallationArt,whichpushedartbeyondthetraditionalconfinesofthestudioandRatherthanportrayinglandscape,landartistsusedthephysicalsubstanceofthelanditselfastheirmedium.TheBritishlandart,typifiedbyRichardpiece,wasnotonlymoredomesticallyscaled,butalotquirkierthanitsAmericancounterpart.Indeed,whileyoumightassumethatanexhibitionofLandArtwouldconsistonlyofrecordsofworksratherthantheworksthemselves,photographofhisworkisthework.Sincehis“action”isinthepast,thephotographisitssoleembodiment.Thatmightseemratheranobscurepoint,butitsetsthetoneforanexhibitionthatcontainsalotofblack-and-whitephotographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.LongisBritain’sbest-knownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocksfromPortisheadbeachlaidoutonthegalleryfloor,representstheelegant,rarefiedsideoftheform.TheBoyleontheotherhand,standforitsurbanaspect.ComprisingartistsMarkBoyleandJoanHillsandtheirchildren,theyrecreatedrandomsectionsoftheBritishlandscapeongallerywalls.TheirOlafStreetasquareofbrick-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefewworksheretoembracethecommonplacenessthatcharacterisesmostofourexperienceofthelandscapemostofthetime.Parksfeature,particularlyintheearlierworks,suchasJohnHilliard’sveryfunnyAcrossthePark,inwhichalong-hairedstrollerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittinglyassaultedinasequenceofimagesthatturnouttobedifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gravitatingtowardslandscapesthataretraditionallyconsideredbeautifulsuchastheLakeDistrictortheWiltshireDowns.Whileitprobablywasn’tapparentatthetime,muchofthisworkispermeatedbyaspiritofromanticescapismthatthelikesofwouldhavereadilyunderstood.DerekJarman’syellow-tintedfilmacollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltshirelandscape,evokesatraditionofEnglishlandscapepaintingstretchingfromSamuelPalmertoPaulNash.InthecaseofHamishFulton,youcan’thelpfeelingthattheScottishartisthassimplyfoundawayofmakinghisloveofwalkingAtypicalwork,suchasSevenDays,consistsofasinglebeautifulblack-and-whitephotographtakenonanepicwalk,withthemileageandnumberofdaystakenlistedbeneath.BritishLandArtasshowninthiswellselected,butrelativelymodestlyscaledexhibitionwasn’taboutimposingonthelandscape,moreakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualartcreatedpassingthrough.Ithaditsoriginsinthegreatoutdoors,buttheresultswereasgallery-boundasthepaintingsofTurnerandConstable.[A]originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook.41.StoneCircle[B]illustratesakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualart.42.OlafStreetStudy[C]remindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition.43.AcrossthePark[D]representstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart.44.TowardsAvebury[E]depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart.45.SevenDays[F]embodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoors.[G]containsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.SectionIII TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslywithaglassperpetuallyhalffull.Butexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“HealthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithsaysBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.Whenhefeelsdown–aftergivingabadlecture–hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction.Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.SectionIV WritingPartADirections:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.himanemailtotellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,andaskforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)20年间中国城镇人口与乡村人口变化图2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【B】【解析】Anumberofstudieshave___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherrisk指多项研究“得出结论”，concluded正确；denied否认、doubted怀疑、ensured确保均不合。2.答案【A】【解析】therearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___后文以“较重的女性不易缺钙”为例，说明超重有“保护作用”，protective正确；dangerous危险、sufficient充足、troublesome麻烦都与“健康益处”相反。3.答案【C】【解析】___,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenanindicatorofgoodhealth承接上句同类例证，Likewise（同样地）正确；Instead反而、However然而、Therefore因此都不表并列举例。4.答案【A】【解析】beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___ofgoodhealth指“健康的一个指标”，indicator正确；objective目标、origin起源、example例子都不如indicator与“标志”对应。5.答案【D】【解析】Ofevengreater___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine指“更令人担忧的是”，concern正确；impact影响、relevance相关性、assistance帮助均不合。6.答案【A】【解析】Itisoftendefined___bodymassindex为固定短语intermsof（就……而言、用……来衡量），intermsof正确；incaseof万一、infavorof支持、inrespectsof在……方面（搭配不当）均不合。7.答案【C】【解析】BMI___bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight指“等于”，equals正确；measures测量、determines决定、modifies修改都不如equals表述公式。8.答案【C】【解析】Obesity,___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese表顺承递进，inturn（依次）正确；inessence本质上、incontrast相反、inpart部分地均不合。9.答案【D】【解析】Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem___,theyarenot与后文“肥胖难以用数字界定”形成转折，说明看似“简单明了”，straightforward正确；complicated复杂、conservative保守、variable多变均不合。10.答案【B】【解析】SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,___otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoorshape引导对比并列从句，while（而）正确；so因此、since既然、unless除非都不表对照。11.答案【A】【解析】otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor___与extremelyfit对照，为固定表达inpoorshape（身体状况差），shape正确；spirit精神、balance平衡、taste品味均不合。12.答案【B】【解析】manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers___asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow指按BMI标准“被算作”肥胖，qualify正确（qualifyas取得……资格、可算作）；start开始、retire退休、stay保持均不合。13.答案【C】【解析】someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta___BMI与highbodyfat形成转折，指BMI“正常”，normal正确；strange奇怪、changeable多变、constant恒定都不合。14.答案【D】【解析】Todaywehavea(n)___tolabelobesityasadisgrace指社会“倾向”，tendency正确；option选择、reason理由、opportunity机会均不合。15.答案【B】【解析】Theoverweightaresometimes___inthemediawiththeirfacescovered指媒体中“被拍摄呈现”，pictured正确；employed雇佣、imitated模仿、monitored监控均不合。16.答案【D】【解析】Stereotypes___withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower为固定搭配beassociatedwith（与……相关），associated正确；compared比较、combined结合、settled解决均不合。17.答案【A】【解析】___veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight表示递进强调“甚至连幼儿也如此”，Even正确；Still仍然、Yet然而、Only只有都不合。18.答案【D】【解析】Negativeattitudestowardobesity,___inhealthconcerns指“以健康顾虑为依据”，grounded正确（groundedin基于）；despised鄙视、corrected纠正、ignored忽视均不合。19.答案【C】【解析】havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity___后文举“医院禁售含糖饮料”“雇主体重管理计划”等，属“政策/举措”，policies正确；discussions讨论、businesses企业、studies研究均不如policies涵盖面广。20.答案【B】【解析】MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign___childhoodobesity指“反对儿童肥胖的运动”，against正确；for支持、with与、without无都不合。21.答案【B】【解析】第三段指出Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences...likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema，即“特殊旅行”最值得，Aspecialtour正确；A大房子、C时尚汽车均属satisfaction很快消退的物质消费，D丰盛一餐虽有提及，但原文以trips为首选例证。22.答案【A】【解析】第三段说theaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayearwatchingtelevision,andishardlyjollierforit，语气带批评，critical正确；supportive支持、sympathetic同情、ambiguous含糊均不符。23.答案【D】【解析】第三段以McRib限时限量供应为例，说明luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly，即稀缺提升愉悦，raritygenerallyincreasespleasure正确；A消费者有时不理性、B流行源于品质、C营销手段常有效均非该例说明点。24.答案【B】【解析】末段说mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent，即这本书值得购买，mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase正确；A留有很多批评空间（原文说并非人人赞同其政策主张，但读者仍觉值得）、C预言美国收入差距扩大、D给读者成就感均不符。25.答案【C】【解析】全文讨论如何花钱才能获得持久满足（体验优于物质、稀缺提升愉悦、给予他人更快乐），主旨为obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent，obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent正确；A平衡感受与花钱、B如何花巨额彩金、D如何理性消费奢侈品均只涉局部。26.答案【A】【解析】首段指出70%的人自评领导力高于平均、93%认为驾驶技术高于平均，allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities，说明自我评价高得不切实际，ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh正确；B虚幻优越感毫无根据（原文说这是被大量研究证实的效应）、C领导欲不自然、D自我提升策略无效均不符。27.答案【C】【解析】第三段引研究称视觉识别is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocess,occurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousd