考研英语二2021年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

第第1页共14页2021年全国硕士研究生入学招生考试

英语二试题SectionⅠ Useof EnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosetheBestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)It’snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,1,tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents. 2oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyou’ll3seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto4thatpeoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?Theyare5 .Howaboutjumpinglights?Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.Why?Becausethetargetis6 .Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent.7,thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere 8orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey 9hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto10,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore 11driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.Thereisanother12:peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou13thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea14ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnowbilledasatwo-hourflight.The15ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell16others.Everythingcanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa17.Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria18criticalfactorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto19justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter20theobjective.1.[A]therefore[B]however[C]again[D]moreover2.[A]Emphasize[B]Identify[C]Assess[D]Explain3.[A]nearly[B]curiously[C]eagerly[D]quickly4.[A]claim[B]prove[C]check[D]recall5.[A]threatened[B]ignored[C]mocked[D]blamed6.[A]punctuality[B]hospitality[C]competition[D]innovation7.[A]Yet[B]So[C]Besides[D]Still8.[A]hired[B]trained[C]rewarded[D]grouped9.[A]only[B]rather[C]once[D]also10.[A]comfort[B]revenue[C]efficiency[D]security11.[A]friendly[B]quiet[C]cautious[D]diligent12.[A]purpose[B]problem[C]prejudice[D]policy13.[A]reported[B]revealed[C]admitted[D]noticed14.[A]break[B]trip[C]departure[D]transfer15.[A]moral[B]background[C]style[D]form16.[A]interpret[B]criticize[C]sacrifice[D]tolerate17.[A]task[B]secret[C]product[D]cost18.[A]leadingto[B]callingfor[C]relatingto[D]accountingfor19.[A]specify[B]predict[C]restore[D]create20.[A]modify[B]review[C]present[D]achieveSectionⅡ ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1“Reskilling”issomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumfindsthatonaverage42percentofthe“coreskills”withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline.Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerindemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanywhodecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategy.OthercompaniesincludingAmazonandDisneyhadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomythough,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkers,evenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexample,thepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobeadoctorinafewweeks,nomatterwhopaysforit.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden:Whenforcedtofurlough90percentoftheircabinstaff,ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedtostartupashortretrainingprogramthatreskilledthelaid-offworkerstosupporthospitalstaff.TheeffortwasacollectiveoneandinvolvedothercompaniesaswellasaSwedishuniversity.ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests .anincreaseinfull-timeemploymentanurgentdemandfornewjobskillsasteadygrowthofjobopportunitiesacontroversyaboutthe“coreskills”AT&Tiscitedtoshow .analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategyanimmediateneedforgovernmentsupporttheimportanceofstaffappraisalstandardsthecharacteristicsofreskillingprogramsEffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada .havedrivenuplabourcostshaveprovedtobeinconsistenthavemetwithfierceoppositionhaveappearedtobeinsufficientWecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas .acallforpolicyadjustmentachangeinhiringpracticesalackofmedicalworkersasignofeconomicrecoveryScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto .createjobvacanciesfortheunemployedpreparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobsretraintheircabinstaffforbetterservicesfinancetheirstaff’scollegeeducationText2Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:Brexit.BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency，theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation’shealth.Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry’stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn’tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactory-styleproduction.Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn’thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn’thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry’slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandveg—whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes—wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincropproduction.Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUKwould .behinderedbyitspopulationgrowthcontributetothenation’swell-beingbecomeapriorityofthegovernmentposeachallengetoitsfarmingindustryThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowsthatintheUK .farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilizedfactory-styleproductionneedsreformingmostlandisusedformeatanddairyproductionmoregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarmingCrop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto .itsfarmingtechnologyitsdietarytraditionitsnaturalconditionsitscommercialinterestsItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople .relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduceenjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumptionareseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintakearetryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrainsTheauthor’sattitudetofoodself-sufficiencyintheUKis .defensivedoubtfultolerantoptimisticText2Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninsomeregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlines.IntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:Brexit.BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenation’shealth.Soundsgreat—buthowfeasibleisthisvision?AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry’stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn’tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient,theUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensively—meaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactory-styleproduction.Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn’thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry:mostofitsterraindoesn’thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsonacommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry’slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandveg—whichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes—wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincropproduction.Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.

Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUKwould .behinderedbyitspopulationgrowthcontributetothenation’swell-beingbecomeapriorityofthegovernmentposeachallengetoitsfarmingindustryThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowsthatintheUK .farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilizedfactory-styleproductionneedsreformingmostlandisusedformeatanddairyproductionmoregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarmingCrop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto .itsfarmingtechnologyitsdietarytraditionitsnaturalconditionsitscommercialinterestsItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople .relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduceenjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumptionareseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintakearetryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrainsTheauthor’sattitudetofoodself-sufficiencyintheUKis .defensivedoubtfultolerantoptimistic

Text3WhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementappWunderlistandmobilecalendarSunrisein2015,itpickedtwonewcomersthatwereattractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.Microsoft’sownOfficedominatesthemarketfor“productivity”software,butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesignedfromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaidithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteamsofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany“acqui-hires”thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofeedtheirgreathungerfortechtalent.ToMicrosoft’scritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath.“Theyboughttheseedlingsandclosedthemdown,”complainedPaulArnold,apartneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttinganendtobusinessesthatmightonedayturnintocompetitors.Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.Likeotherstart-upinvestors,Mr.Arnold’sownbusinessoftendependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,thoughheadmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:“Ithinkthesethingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.ButaretheygoodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon’tknow.”TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswertothatquestion.Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecade.Althoughonlyaresearchprojectatthisstage,therequesthasraisedtheprospectofregulatorswadingintoearly-stagetechmarketsthatuntilnowhavebeenbeyondtheirreach.Giventheircombinedmarketvalueofmorethan$5.5trillion,riflingthroughsuchsmalldeals—manyofthemmuchlessprominentthanWunderlistandSunrise—mightseembesidethepoint.Betweenthem,thefivebiggesttechcompanieshavespentanaverageofonly$3.4billionayearonsub-$1billionacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears—adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,andthemorethan$130billionofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear.However,criticssaythebigcompaniesusesuchdealstobuytheirmostthreateningpotentialcompetitorsbeforetheirbusinesseshaveachancetogainmomentum,insomecasesaspartofa“buyandkill”tactictosimplyclosethemdown.WhatistrueaboutWunderlistandSunriseaftertheiracquisitions?Theirengineerswereretained.Theirmarketvaluesdeclined.Theirtechfeaturesimproved.Theirproductswerere-priced.Microsoft’scriticsbelievethatthebigtechcompaniestendto .exaggeratetheirproductqualityeliminatetheirpotentialcompetitorstreatnewtechtalentunfairlyignorepublicopinionsPaulArnoldisconcernedthatsmallacquisitionsmight .weakenbigtechcompaniesworsenmarketcompetitionharmthenationaleconomydiscouragestart-upinvestorsTheUSFederalTradeCommissionintendsto .limitBigTech’sexpansionencourageresearchcollaborationexaminesmallacquisitionssupervisestart-ups’operationForthefivebiggesttechcompanies,theirsmallacquisitionshave .broughtlittlefinancialpressureraisedfewmanagementchallengessetanexampleforfuturedealsgeneratedconsiderableprofitsText4We’refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpressions,thinslicesoffromaofaphototoanddeliberationcanbenotonlyextraneousbutintrusive.Inonestudyoftheabilityshecalled“thinslicing,”thelatepsychologistNaliniAmbadyaskedparticipantstowatchsilent10-secondvideoclipsofprofessorsandtoratetheinstructor’soveralleffectiveness.Theirratingscorrelatedstronglywithstudents’end-of-semesterratings.Anothersetofparticipantshadtocountbackwardfrom1,000byninesastheywatchedtheclips,occupyingtheirconsciousworkingmemory.Theirratingswerejustasaccurate,demonstratingtheintuitivenatureofthesocialprocessing.Critically,anothergroupwasaskedtospendaminutewritingdownreasonsfortheirjudgment,beforegivingtherating.Accuracydroppeddramatically.Ambadysuspectedthatdeliberationfocusedthemonvividbutmisleadingcues,suchascertaingesturesorutterances,ratherthanlettingthecomplexinterplayofsubtlesignalsformaholisticimpression.Shefoundsimilarinterferencewhenparticipantswatched15-secondclipsofpairsofpeopleandjudgedwhethertheywerestrangers,friends,ordatingpartners.Otherresearchshowswe’rebetteratdetectingdeceptionfromthinsliceswhenwerelyonintuitioninsteadofreflection.“It’sasifyou’redrivingastickshift,”saysJudithHall,apsychologistatNortheasternUniversity,“andifyoustartthinkingaboutittoomuch,youcan’trememberwhatyou’redoing.Butifyougoonautomaticpilot,you’refine.Muchofoursociallifeislikethat.”Thinkingtoomuchcanalsoharmourabilitytoformpreferences.Collegestudents’ratingsofstrawberryjamsandcollegecoursesalignedbetterwithexperts’opinionswhenthestudentsweren’taskedtoanalyzetheirrationale.Andpeoplemadecar-buyingdecisionsthatwerebothobjectivelybetterandmorepersonallysatisfyingwhenaskedtofocusontheirfeelingsratherthanondetails,butonlyifthedecisionwascomplex—whentheyhadalotofinformationtoprocess.Intuition’sspecialpowersareunleashedonlyincertaincircumstances.Inonestudy,participantscompletedabatteryofeighttasks,includingfourthattappedreflectivethinking(discerningrules,comprehendingvocabulary)andfourthattappedintuitionandcreativity(generatingnewproductsorfiguresofspeech).Thentheyratedthedegreetowhichtheyhadusedintuition(“gutfeelings,”“hunches,”“myheart”).Useoftheirguthurttheirperformanceonthefirstfourtasks,asexpected,andhelpedthemontherest.Sometimestheheartissmarterthanthehead.第第10页共14页NaliniAmbady’sstudydealswith .thepowerofpeople’smemorythereliabilityoffirstimpressionsInstructor-studentinteractionpeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersInAmbady’sstudy,ratingaccuracydroppedwhenparticipants .focusedonspecificdetailsgavetheratinginlimitedtimewatchedshortervideoclipsdiscussedwithoneanotherJudithHallmentionsdrivingtoshowthat .reflectioncanbedistractingmemorymaybeselectivesocialskillsmustbecultivateddeceptionisdifficulttodetectWhenyouaremakingcomplexdecisions,itisadvisableto .collectenoughdatalistyourpreferencesseekexpertadvicefollowyourfeelingsWhatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?Generatingnewproductstakestime.Intuitionmayaffectreflectivetasks.Vocabularycomprehensionneedscreativity.Objectivethinkingmayboostintuitiveness.

PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Staycalm.Stayhumble.Decidewhethertowait.Berealisticabouttherisks.Don’tmakejudgements.Identifyasharedgoal.Askpermissiontodisagree.HowtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyouYourbossproposesanewinitiativeyouthinkwon’twork.Yourseniorcolleagueoutlinesaprojecttimelineyoubelieveisunrealistic.Whatdoyousaywhenyoudisagreewithsomeonewhohasmorepowerthanyoudo?Howdoyoudecidewhetherit’sworthspeakingup?Andifyoudo,whatexactlyshouldyousay?Here'showtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyou.41. Youmaydecideit’sbesttoholdoffonvoicingyouropinion.Maybeyouhaven’tfinishedthinkingtheproblemthrough,oryouwanttogetaclearersenseofwhatthegroupthinks.Ifyouthinkotherpeoplearegoingtodisagree,too,youmightwanttogatheryourarmyfirst.Peoplecancontributeexperienceorinformationtoyourthinking—allthethingsthatwouldmakethedisagreementstrongerormorevalid.It’salsoagoodideatodelaytheconversationifyouareinameetingorotherpublicspace.Discussingtheissueinprivatewillmakethepowerfulpersonfeellessthreatened.42. Beforeyoushareyourthoughts,thinkaboutwhatthepowerfulpersoncaresabout—itmaybethecredibilityoftheirteamorgettingaprojectdoneontime.You’remorelikelytobeheardifyoucanyourtoahigherWhenyoudospeakup,don’tassumethelinkwillbeclear.You’llwanttostateitovertly,yourstatementssothatyou’reseennotasabutasacolleaguewho’stryingtoadvanceacommonobjective.Thediscussionwillthenbecomemorelikeachessgamethanaboxingmatch.43. Thisstepmaysoundoverlydeferential,butit’sasmartwaytogivethepowerfulpersonpsychologicalsafetyandcontrol.Youcansaysomethinglike,“Iknowweseemtobemovingtowardafirst-quartercommitmenthere.Ihavereasonstothinkthatwon’twork.I’dliketolayoutmyreasoning.WouldthatbeOK?”Thisgivesthepersonachoice,allowinghimtoverballyoptin.And,assuminghesaysyes,itwillmakeyoufeelmoreconfidentaboutvoicingyourdisagreement.44. Youmightfeelyourheartracingoryourfaceturningred,butdowhateveryoucantoremainneutralinbothyourwordsandactions.Whenyourbodylanguagecommunicatesreluctanceoranxiety,itundercutsthemessage.Itsendsamixedmessage,andyourcounterpartgetstochoosewhatsignalstoread.Deepbreathscanhelp,ascanspeakingmoreslowlyanddeliberately.Whenwefeelpanicky,wetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthepaceandtalkinginaneventonehelpstheotherpersoncooldownanddoesthesameforyou.Italsomakesyouseemconfident,evenifyouaren’t.45. Emphasizethatyou’reonlyofferingyouropinion,notgospeltruth.Itmaybeawell-informed,well-researchedopinion,butit’sstillanopinion,sotalktentativelyandslightlyunderstateyourconfidence.Insteadofsaying:“Ifwesetanend-of-quarterdeadline,wewillnevermakeit,”say,“Thisisjustmyopinion,butIdon’tseehowwewillmakethatdeadline.”Havingassertedyouropinion(asaposition,notasafact),demonstrateequalcuriosityaboutotherviews.Remindthepersonthatthisisyourpointofview,andtheninvitecritique.Beopentohearingotheropinions.SectionIII TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Wetendtothinkthatfriendsandfamilymembersareourbiggestsourcesofconnection,laughter,andwarmth.Whilethatmaywellbetrue,researchershavealsorecentlyfoundthatinteractingwithstrangersactuallybringsaboostinmoodandfeelingsofbelongingthatwedidn’texpect.Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommutersusingpublictransportationtostrikeupaconversationwithsomeonenearthem.Onaverage,participantswhofollowedthisinstructionfeltbetterthanthosewhohadbeentoldtostandorsitinsilence.Theresearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteractionswithstrangers,itisoftenduetoamisplacedanxietythattheymightnotwanttotalktous.Muchofthetime,however,thisbeliefisfalse.Asitturnsout,manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalk—andmayevenbeflatteredtoreceiveyourattention.SectionⅣ WritingPartADirections:Supposeyouareorganizinganonlinemeeting.WriteanemailtoJack,aninternationalstudent,toinvitehimtoparticipate,andtellhimthedetails.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2021年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【B】【解析】首句说给员工定指标容易，本句说理解其负面后果难得多，前后为转折，however正确；therefore因此、again又、moreover而且都不表对比。2.答案【A】【解析】___oneandtheothersbecomedistorted指“只强调某一维度”，Emphasize（强调）与后文Chooseonecriterion呼应；Identify识别、Assess评估、Explain解释都不表“侧重”。3.答案【D】【解析】TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll___seehowthisworkswithdrivers指上车后“很快就能看到”，quickly正确；nearly几乎、curiously好奇地、eagerly急切地都不合。4.答案【C】【解析】Arethereinspectorsto___thatpeoplehavepaid?指查票员“核查”是否付费，check正确；claim声称、prove证明、recall回忆都不表示“查验”。5.答案【B】【解析】Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?Theyare___上文说几乎无人查票，故为赶车者“被忽视”，ignored正确；threatened受威胁、mocked被嘲笑、blamed被责怪均无据。6.答案【A】【解析】Why?Becausethetargetis___下文乘客抱怨车晚点、班次少，故目标为“准点”，punctuality正确；hospitality好客、competition竞争、innovation创新都不合。7.答案【B】【解析】Peoplecomplained...___,thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased前后为因果，So正确；Yet然而、Besides此外、Still仍然都不表结果。8.答案【C】【解析】driverswere___orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook与punished并列，应为“奖励”，rewarded正确；hired雇佣、trained培训、grouped分组都不与orpunished构成对照。9.答案【D】【解析】Butthey___hitcyclists表示“同时也”撞伤骑车人，also与But搭配强调副作用；only、rather、once均破坏“达成指标却伤害他人”的对照。10.答案【B】【解析】Ifthetargetwaschangedto___,youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing与“查票、定价”对应，指“收入”，revenue正确；comfort舒适、efficiency效率、security安全都不与inspectors和pricing配套。11.答案【C】【解析】Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore___driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws指更“谨慎”的司机，cautious正确；friendly友好、quiet安静、diligent勤奋都不如cautious贴合“遵守交规”。12.答案【B】【解析】Thereisanother___:peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets引出“钻指标空子”这一新问题，problem正确；purpose目的、prejudice偏见、policy政策均不合。13.答案【D】【解析】Haveyou___thatyoucanleaveonaflightanhourlatebutstillarriveontime?指“注意到”这一现象，noticed最贴切；reported报告、revealed揭示、admitted承认都不合日常观察语境。14.答案【B】【解析】Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea___ismeanttotake指一段“航程”的飞行时间，trip正确；break休息、departure起飞、transfer转机都不能与ismeanttotake（需耗时）搭配。15.答案【A】【解析】The___ofthestoryissimple引出寓意，为固定表达themoralofthestory，moral正确；background背景、style风格、form形式均不能表达“寓意”。16.答案【C】【解析】Chooseonecrit