2015高考复习动词不定式

1、动词不定式,高三语法专项复习,挑战高考：【2012江西卷】33Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.AspeakingBhavingspokenCtospeakDtohavespoken【2012湖南】21.Wevehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo【2012辽宁卷】29.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntous

2、eitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate【2012全国II】15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched【2012陕西卷】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD

3、.tomeet,C,C,D,A,D,动词不定式的句法功能,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Itisr

4、eallyimportanttomasteraforeignlanguagenowadays.,Togiveupsmokingisright.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2.放弃吸烟是对的。,作宾语,Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.,Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2.他答应不告诉任何人这事。,英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：,一问三希望，同意或拒绝；决定意为承诺，可不能假装

5、管理来照料。,wish;hope;expect,agree;refusedecide;mean;promise,pretend;manage;care,2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyis_（使生活更容易，而不是使之更难。）,作表语,MyjobistoteachEnglish.,1.我的工作是教英语。,tomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.,作定语,Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,1.你有什么要说的吗?,2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth,不定式作

6、定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。1不定式常用在thefirst，thesecond，thenext,thelast，theonly等短语后面作定语。Hisfirstbook_nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.ApublishedBtobepublishedCtopublishDbeingpublished2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后面作定语。Theability_anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtobeexpressed,B,C,作状语,Theyj

7、umpedwithjoytohearthenews.Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,不定式作结果状语。具体形式如下：“tooadj./adv.todo”意为“太而不能”，“adj./adv.enoughtodo”意为“足以”，“only/justtodo”表示出乎意料的结果。Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough_bungeejumping?AtryingBintryingCtotryDandtry,C,作宾补,Sheaskedmet

8、ostaythere.,1.她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,1有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：advise劝告；force迫使；instruct指示；ask要求；intend打算要；beg请求；expect期望；invite邀请；forbid禁止；remind提醒；urge激励；order命令；permit允许；teach劝诫；wish希望；persuade说服。动词短语有：callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，

9、waitfor等。WecantcountonamanlikeJim_usthenecessaryhelp.AtogiveBgivingCtobegivenDgiven,A,2在think，consider，believe，find，feel，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“tobe形容词/名词”结构，tobe常可以省去。Wesometimesimagineadesertisland_asortofparadise，wherethesunalwaysshines.AbeBbeingC不填Dis,C,注意,A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感

10、）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）help(半帮助）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,注意,B.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,C.不定式与疑问词who，which,when,where,how，what等连用，在句中

11、起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。1.如何解决这个问题很重要。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.（主语）2.他不知道说什么。Hedidntknowwhattosay.(宾语)3.我的问题是什么时候开始。Myquestioniswhentostart(表语),D后接不带to的不定式的常用结构,1.在wouldratherthan,prefertothan,ratherthan等结构的than之后用不带to的不定式。,Iwouldrathergothanstay.,注意,2.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之

12、后的不定式不带to.(只能，不得不),Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.,3.不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，则这些介词后的不定式不带to.(只,仅仅).Shewoulddonothingbutcry.,Ihavenochoicebut_(accept)thefact.,toaccept,动词不定式的形式,1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.,2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.,.一般式(todo/tobedo

13、ne).,表示不定式的动作（状态）与谓语动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式(tobedoing),1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.,2.Theboypretendedtobelisteningattentivelywhentheteacherlookedathim.,表示谓语动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,.完成式（tohavedone/tohavebeendone),1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,2.Heissaidtohavebeensenttoworkabroadfortwoy

14、ears,表示不定式的动作/状态发生在谓语动作之前。,复合结构,ItisforsbtodosthItisofsbtodosth,1.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned3.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeak

15、B.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak,练习,4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswertheteachersquestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.Wouldyoubesokindusout?-Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inh

16、elpingC.helpD.astohelp,7.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning,10有必要马上通知他的家长。11一小时后，他们停下来休息。12他很高兴能在自己年轻的时候有机会旅游