自考本科英汉互译汉译英常用结构和句型.doc

1、汉译英常用结构和句型一、主语（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重”原则（end weight）】1. 我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。The Chinese government stands ready to further strengthen economic cooperation and trade ties with otherAsianations on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, mutual open

2、ness, long-term cooperation and common development. 2. 未来老百姓的生活会更好。 The life of the people in the future will be better. The people will lead/ live a better life in the future. 3. 中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。 The opportunities for foreign businesses to participate inChinas development of the wester

3、n region will increase. Foreign businesses will have more and more opportunities to participate inChinas development of the western region. 4. 浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。ZhejiangUniversityhas been established for more than 100 years, and made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running

4、. ZhejiangUniversityhas made great achievements / made a huge success in its school running since its establishment 100 years ago. 5. 该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。This product is chiefly characterized by its fine workmanship and durability. 6. 语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。The mastery of language is not easy and r

5、equires painstaking effort. 7. 如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。Even now, memories of his childhood playmates haunt the man in his fifties. 8. 我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year

6、. 9. 尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post. 10. 我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher inHangzhou. 11. 进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。In our drive for socialist modernization, we must respect knowled

7、ge and talented people. （二）名词化12. 捕获萨达姆侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。The capture of Saddam Hussein does not mean the end of conflict inIraq. 13. 医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实都是有据可查的。The impotence of medical services to change life expectancy and insignificance of much contemporary clinical care i

8、n the curing of disease are all well-documented. 14. 中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。Chinas entry into the WTO will instill new vitality into the economic growth ofChinaas well as other countries and regions inAsiaand beyond. 15. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。Adherence to the principle of oneChinai

9、s the basis and premise for peaceful reunification. 16. 如果英国同意进行克隆，这将是世界上的首例。这也会促进其他国家放松对于胚胎研究的限制。UKs approval of cloning, a world first, would encourage other countries to ease restrictions on embryo research. 17. 两代人缺乏交流，代沟不断加深，这使得一些家庭深感烦恼。The widening generation gap resulting from the lack of com

10、munications between generations is upsetting some families. 18. 新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。The emergence of one new scenic spot after another and the influx of more and more tourists have also boosted the economy of the region. 19. 黄色书刊及音像制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。The disappearance of such mater

11、ials as pornographic and obscene books, periodicals and tapes is proof thatChinas campaign against porns is making progress. 20. 农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫困的困境。Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous posit

12、ion in their own countries. 21. 汽车数量与日俱增，大气污染日益加重，让城市的居民们倍感恼火。The urban dwellers are/feel exasperated by the constantly growing number of cars / automobiles and the increasingly severe air pollution. 二、定语22. 产生的热量等于消耗了的电能。The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted. 23. 当向上的力与向下的力相等时，

13、气球就保持在这一高度。The balloon stays at the level when the force upward equals the force downward. 24. 据报道，今年全国应届大学毕业生面临前所未有的就业压力。It is reported that the graduates fresh from college all over the country this year are faced with unprecedented pressure of employment. 25. 一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。All substan

14、ces, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, are made of atoms. 26. 上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心，接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际接轨。Many large companies inShanghaihave geared themselves to the international conventionsbysettingup after-sales servicesto acceptrepairs and deal with customers complaints. 27. 从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在

15、一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which, according to the press exposures, were rampant in some localities. 28. 经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在全球范围内自由流动和优化配置，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深，给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇。Economic globalization is th

16、e objective trend of the economic development in the world today, featured by the free flow and optimized allocation of capital, technology, information and service in the global context, making the economic interdependence and interaction between various countries ever stronger, and has brought abo

17、ut new driving forces and opportunities for the economic development of all countries in the world. 29. 大部分反对转基因食品的呼声来自于富裕的西方国家，那里的人民生活富足，不愁温饱。Opposition to genetically modified foods had come mostly from rich Western countries, whose people had more than enough to eat. 30. 美国报纸和世界其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报

18、道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦时事新闻，分析国际时事。Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the sensational, which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. 31. 英特尔是世界上最大的微处理器制造商，虽然劳动力市场紧俏，英特尔却大获成功。Intel, the worlds large

19、st microprocessor maker, experienced a surge of success in a tough labor market. 32. 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。Harvard, one of the first American universities to accept Chinese students, has all along maintained academic exchanges with the Chinese educational, scientific and cu

20、ltural communities. 三、状语（一）现在分词33. 游行队伍唱着歌，呼着口号，浩浩荡荡穿过广场。Singing and shouting slogans, the parade moved across the square like a flood. 34. 他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。Taking advantage of the two-day off, he basked in the spring sunshine with his family. 35. 从车窗里瞥见寒风中的一个无家可归的小乞丐，一阵伤感涌上她的心头。 Catchin

21、g a glimpse of / spotting a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her. When she caught a glimpse / sight of / spotted a little homeless beggar in the chill wind from her car window, a wave of sentiment swept over her. （二）独立主格36. 由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就

22、小。The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low. 37. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （三）过去分词短语38. 浙江大学前身求是书院成立于1897年，为中国人自己最早创办的新式高等学府之一。Founded in 1897, ZhejiangUniversitywas initially known as “QiushiAcademy”, one of the earliest modern i

23、nstitutions of higher learning established inChina. 39. 如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. （四）动词不定式、形容词（短语）、介词（短语）、连词等40. 为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。To fully tap the human resources, the rational flow of

24、trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged. 41. 虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里、但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely. 42. 要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey. 43. 物体一旦运动，就会因

25、惯性而持续运动。An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 44. 这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in. 45. 如果伟大的国家互相为敌，那么，他们便无法相互汲取长处。Great nations, if adversaries, cannot draw from each others strengths. （五）定语从句46. 我爷爷明天就满

26、80岁了，但他仍然热衷与户外运动。My grandpa, who will be eighty tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman. 47. 他想写一篇文章，引起公众对这件事的注意。He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. 48. 听说经理病了，不会来参加今天的会议了。The manager, who is said to have fallen ill, wont come to the meeting today. 49. 新闻记者应坚决

27、反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。Journalists should firmly object to the payoff-aimed journalism which deviates from the press ethics. 四、句型1. It is said / reported / predicated / believed / asserted / supposed / well-known / generally considered that据It must be admitted / pointed out thata) 预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达

28、到三百万。It is predicted that the car purchasers inChinawill amount to 3 million in the near future. b) 到2008年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到10%。The annual average growth rate of national economy is estimated to reach 10% by the last quarter of 2008. c) 必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。It must be pointed out that mistakes of this ki

29、nd should not be repeated. d) 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.e) 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.f) 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。It wa

30、s not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.g) 人们常说科学是把双刃剑，增长了财富，带来了安逸的同时，也使人们恐惧着克隆人之类的潜在危险。Science is often referred to as a double-edged sword, increasing our wealth and comfort while leaving people in fear of potential dangers like human cloning. 2. It is important (

31、necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, advisable, convenient, comfortable) for sb. to do 人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of peo

32、ple. 3. It is/was that / who是他最先得知消息，说谢晋导演前一天去世了。It was he who received the message that Mr. Xie Jin, a movie director, died in the previous day. 4. It is not that but that这不是说，而是说这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。It is not that the scales in the one

33、 case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former. 5. 就而言；在方面in terms of; in light of; in respect of6. 以. . . 为目的；为了with a view to d

34、oing; for the purpose of; in the hope of; in order to / that; so as to7. 鉴于；考虑到in consideration of; in the spirit of8. 由于；因为thanks to; owing to; because of; due to; to attribute to9. （如此）以至于so / such that; to go so far as to10. 容易；（很）可能 is (most) likely to do; tend to do; be inclined to; be apt to d

35、oIt is subject to coughs, asthma, and the like. 易得咳嗽、气喘等类似的病。11. 是为了；用于be designed to do; be intended for这样做是为了促使学生学习，而学习应当是学生生活中迫切的任务。It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate mission in life. 12. 显然易见；显然it is evident / self-evident / obvious that不管他怎样同时采取军事和外交行动，他走的显然将

36、不得不是一条极其脆弱的钢丝。Whatever combination of military and diplomatic action is taken, it is evident that he is having to tread an extremely delicate tight-rope. 13. 擅长于be good / apt at; be experienced in14. 应当；注意；必须；安排；优先应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。Attention should be paid to the effective measures to prevent air pol

37、lution. 优先发展科技教育。Priority will be given to development of science, technology and education. 组织实施好“西电东送”、“西气东输”等重点工程。Proper arrangements will be make for carrying our important projects such as the facilities to divert electricity and gas from the west to the east. 必须努力扭转当前经济的下滑趋势，反对贸易保护主义。Efforts s

38、hould be made to reverse the current economic downturn and fight against protectionism in trade. 15. 只要/只有才能only by doing can we. ; only in this way can. . . ; before; unless我们对问题要作全面分析，才能解决得妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 只有在提高效率的前提下保持快速的经济增长，

39、我们才能缓解生产经营困难，减轻就业压力，促进经济结构调整，增加财政收入，防范金融风险，保持社会稳定。Only by maintaining a fast economic growth on the basis of improved performance can we relieve the operational difficulties of enterprises, reduce the pressure of unemployment, promote economic restructuring, increase the State revenue, prevent finan

40、cial risks, and maintain social stability. 在新世纪里，只要充分发挥自己的优势，亚洲一定能够为促进世界的和平与发展做出更多的贡献。Asiawill surely make a greater contribution to world peace and development in the new century as long as it gives full play to its advantages. 16. 基于一个前提；在的前提下/条件下on the premise/ ground / prerequisite / proposition

41、 / hypothesis / presupposition that; on condition that; provided that / given / given that中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the thenTaiwanauthorities maintained that there is only oneChin

42、ain the world andTaiwanis only one part ofChina. Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。17. 不但，而且not only, but also中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平。The reunification ofChinaand her prosperity not only rep

43、resent the vital interests of the people of different nationalities on the mainland and those of the compatriots of various nationalities inTaiwan, but also favor the peace in theFar Eastand the world. 18. 一方面，另一方面on (the) one hand; on the other (hand); for one; for another19. 即；也就是说that is (to say)

44、; i. e. ; namely; to wit;20. 总之；简言之all in all; in short; in a nutshell21. 突然想到it occurs to sb. that22. 可以说it can be said without exaggeration that; it is safe to say that23. 直到才not until; not until直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersoni

45、c speeds. 24. cannot too再也不过分；越越好；应该校对时越仔细越好。You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 我们应该十分重视这件事情。We cant attach too much importance to the matter. 25. other than或other than不同于；非；除了当这些反应物放在一起时, 常发生不希望有的一些反应。Reactions other than the desired one often occur when reactants are brought together. 除了窗之

46、外，屋子的其他部分都完好无损。All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition. 26. the last N. to V. 最不可能的She would be the last person to go along with the scheme. 他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。Thats the last thing Id expect you to do. 那是我最不期望你做的事情。27. 无需spare the trouble to do不遗余力spare no effort to do网上购物的

47、优点之一就是购物者无需亲临现场，既省时又省力。One of the advantages of online shopping is that it spares the shopper the trouble to go to the shop in person, saving him both time and energy. 28. only to结果却【表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果】他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院，买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre

48、, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. 29. 远不；根本不；只不过是not nearly; by no means, far from;anything but; nothing but食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the population growth, which means that we

49、are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式. The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are re

50、asoned about and given precise and exact explanation. 30. to say nothing of; not to speak of; not to mention; let alone; much less; still less; worse still更不要说，更不用说旧中国几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。In oldChina, there was hardly any industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. 那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。A

51、t that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. 他们有了3个好儿子，而且还有2个可爱的女儿。They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters. 我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。I dont know algebra or geometry, let alone / not to mention calculus. 我不同意这种罢工行为，更谈不上参加了。I could

52、not agree to, much less / still less participate in such strike. 31. no more than和一样都不心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you tak

53、e, any more than they can limit how much water you drink. It is not easy to impart knowledge any more than it is to acquire knowledge. 获取知识不易，传授知识也不易。32. 没能够；不能fail / failure政府官员如果严重违法，或是玩忽职守就会被免去职务。Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly as well as f

54、or serious violations of law. 失约failure to keep a promise我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us. 当他最需要朋友的时候，他们却令他失望。His friends failed him when he most needed them. 到最后我说不出话来了。Words failed me at the last minute. 33. 以方式/形式in form of; by means of34. 决不in no c

55、ase / circumstance / sense / way should35. 一定（会）；注定be sure / bound / destined / doomed to do; surely; certainly; necessarily西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国与中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济的共同发展、共同繁荣。The great development of the western area is bound to serve as a bridge linkingChinato the rest of the world to promote their commo

56、n economic development and prosperity. 36. 达到amount to; reach; total;到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500美元。The per capita GDP inShanghaiis estimated to reach US. $ 7, 500 by 2007. 37. 占百分之take up; constitute; account for38. 居/排在第位：rank后接序数词the first/second in等。中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。Chinas GDP ranks the sixth globally, but its per capita GDP ranks the 138th. Chinaranks the 6th in its GDP globally, but (ranks) the 138th in its per capita GDP. 香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。Hong Kongranks among the best in its film-making. 39.