高中英语语法之代词.ppt

1、高中英语语法之,代词,代词的定义与分类,代词是代替名词的词，可以分为：人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词不定代词互相代词疑问代词关系代词,人称代词,主格与宾格a.-Whobrokethevase?b.-Me.（me作主语补语=Itsme.）1)宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后，多用宾语。-ShelikesEnglish.-Metoo.-Havemorewine?-Notme.,b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。HeistallerthanI/me.HeistallerthanIam.2)主格代替宾格在电话用语

2、中常用主格。-IwishtospeaktoMary.-Thisisshe.,替代问题不定代词anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone，someone，everyone，noone，及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he,his,him代替。Nobodycame,didhe?2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。Givethecatsomefood.Sheishungry.3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。排序问题youIandshe/he;weyoutheyItwasIandJohnth

3、atmadeherangry.（承认错误）Iandyoutrytofinishit.（第一人称优于后者）,物主代词,MayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.Ilovemymotherlandasmuchasyouloveyours.YourshouldinterpretwhatIsaidinmysenseoftheword,notinyours.双重所有格物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式

4、为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词afriendofmine.eachbrotherofhis.,反身代词,做宾语a.有些动词需有反身代词：absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaveWeenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词takepridein,beannoyedwith,helponeselftosth.Icouldnotdress(myself)upatthattime.

5、有些动词后不跟反身代词，getup,sit-down,standup,wakeup等。Pleasesitdown.,作表语或同位语Iamnotmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。Thethingitselfisnotimportant.but,except,for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。Noonebutmyself(me)ishurt.()Myselfdrovethecar.()Imyselfdrovethecar.()Charlesandmyselfsawit.反身代词本身不能单独做主语。Youshouldbeproudofyourself.（第二人称做宾语时用反身代词）

6、,相互代词,eachother；oneanotherItiseasytoseethatthepeopleofdifferentcultureshavealwayscopiedeachother.Peopleshouldloveoneanother.Usuallythesesmallgroupswereindependentofeachother.Heputallthebooksbesideoneanother.Thestudentsborrowedeachothersnotes.句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,指示代词,指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（t

7、hese/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词。ThisgirlisMary.Thosemenaremyteachers.ThisisMary.Thosearemyteachers.That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。Headmiredthatwhich/thosewholookedbeautiful.Headmiredthosewhodancedwell.（）Headmiredthatwhodancedwell.（）,疑问代词,疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。指人：who,whom,whose

8、指物：what既可指人又可指物：whichWhosearethesebooksonthedesk?Whosebooksaretheseonthedesk?whichVS.whatWhichgirlsdoyoulikebest?Whatgirlsdoyoulikebest?MuchofwhatyousayIagreewith,butIcannotgoallthewaywithyou.(引导从句),关系代词,ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.ThegirlwhomIspoketoismycousin.Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.He

9、camebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.Hesaidhesawmethere,whichwasalie.IveforgottenmuchoftheLatinIonceknew.Heschanged.Hesnotthemanhewas.,不定代词,all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,nosomething,anything,everything,nothing,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone

10、,nobody,everybody,everyone,noone,none1Bothofthemareteachers2Iknownothingaboutthisperson3Thisbookistoomuchforachild4Thereisalittlewaterintheglass,1allAllthestudentsgototheGreatWall.Allgoeswell.(主谓一致)NotallthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.NoneofthestudentswenttotheGreatWall.(否定)2both,either,neither和norBo

11、thofthebooksbelongtoJohn.EitherofthebooksbelongstoJohn.NeitherofthebooksbelongstoJohn.Thereareflowersonbothsidesofthestreet.Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.Shecantsing，neither(can)he.Hecantsing，nordance，norskate.,3every;each整体与个体Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Eachstudentmayhaveo

12、nebook.每个学生都可有一本书。every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。形容词与代词Everystudenthastotakeone.Eachboyhastotakeone.Eachoftheboyshastotakeone.,否定及意义Everymanisnothonest.并非每个人都诚实。Eachmanisnothonest.这儿每个人都不诚实。everytwoweekseachweek4noone;nonenone后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而noone只单独使用，只指人。none作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而noone作主语谓语动词只

13、能是单数。Noneofyoucouldliftit.-Didanyonecallmeupjustnow?-Noone.-Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?-None.-Whoisintheroom?-Noone.,5one,that和itone表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。Icantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的

14、大。Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIputit.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。Heisoneofthestudentswhohelpme.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohelpsme.,some；可与复数名词及不可数名词连用someoranges,someorange2)当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.某些人不同意你的看法。条件状语从句中表示肯定Ifyouneedsomehe

15、lp，letmeknow.any多用于否定及疑问句中，替代some.Herearethreenovels.Youmayreadany.(任何)这有三本小说，你可任读一本。,1_seemsnoneedtohurry.A.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.He2Everybodyishere,_?A.isnteverybodyB.isntitC.isntheD.arentthey3Itwas_whowrotethosewordsontheblackboard.A.heB.himC.himselfD.his4Canyouexpress_inEnglish?A.yourselfB.youC.yours

16、D.yours5_isagreatandgloriouscountry.A.OurB.OursC.ItsD.Ours6-Whoisthatknockingatthedoor?-_mustbethemilkman.A.HeB.SheC.ItD.Theman7_agreetoyourplan.A.AnyoneofusB.NooneofusC.NoneofusD.Someoneofus8Thebooksherearenotsowellwrittenas_ontheshelf.A.thatB.thoseC.onesD.them9_doyouthinkofmycomposition?A.HowB.Wha

17、tC.WhichD.Why10Pleasewriteonthepaper_line.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.allotherD.thisandthat11_whocomefromthecountryside,pleasefillouttheform.A.AllB.AnyoneC.TheseD.Those,12ShewentforaswiminthepoolyesterdayandIlldo_thisafternoon.A.itB.suchC.sameD.thesame13HehasquitealotofinterestingmagazinesbutIhave_.A.n

18、oB.noneC.nooneD.neither14._arefondofcollectingstamps.A.BoththechildrenB.BothofchildrenC.MybothchildrenD.Bothofthemychildren15WhenIwasabouttogoout,thedooropened_.A.ofitselfB.byitselfC.oneselfD.foritself16Themostinterestingbooksarenotnecessarily_withalotofpictures.A.theseB.theonesC.themD.that17Isthisstoryasfunnyas_youreadyesterday?A.thatoneB.oneC.theoneD.it18-Whenshallwemeetagain?