《解破学生殖系统》PPT课件

1、1,HunanUniversityofArtsandScience,HUMANANATOMY,2,Question:Howmanyreferencelinesinthethoraxandabdomen?,Answer:morethan12referencelineswhicharelistedbelow:Medianlines:AnteriormedianlineandposteriormedianlineAxillarylines:Anterioraxillaryline,midaxillaryline,posterioraxillarylineSternallines:Lateralste

2、rnalline,parasternallineHorizontalline:Subcostalline,transtubercularlineMidclavicularline,scapularline,paravertebralline,3,Content,Chapter5TheAlimentarySystem,TheGeneralDescriptionTheAlimentaryCanal.TheDigestiveGlands.,4,ThebasicconstituentsofthedigestivesystemThemainfunctionsofthedigestivesystem,Se

3、ction1TheGeneralDescription,Content,5,Thebasicconstituentsofthedigestivesystem,DigestivecanalAccessoryorgans,ThemouthThepharynxTheesophagusThestomachTheintestine,TheteethThetongueThegallbladderThesalivaryglandsTheliverThepancreas,消化系统,6,7,Absorptionofthenutrientcomponents(proteins,carbohydrates,fats

4、,vitamins,mineralsandwater)营养物质的吸收,Themainfunctionsofthedigestivesystem,Ingestionoffoods摄入食物,Defecation排便:theeliminationofindigestiblesubstancesfromthebodyviatheanusintheformoffeces.,8,Theoralcavity口腔Thepharynx咽Theesophagus食管Thestomach胃Thesmallintestine小肠Thelargeintestine大肠,Section2TheDigestiveDuct,

5、9,Theoralcavity口腔,Theoralcavityincludestwoparts:,TheOralVestibule口腔前庭TheOralCavityProper固有口腔,Theoralcavity,口腔前庭为口腔内牙龈、牙弓外侧部的部分，外界为唇和颊，内界为牙龈和牙齿。,固有口腔上壁为硬腭和软腭，下壁为舌、粘膜和骨骼肌，侧壁为牙弓、牙齿和牙龈。,10,TheOralVestibule口腔前庭,TheOralCavityProper固有口腔,11,TheOralVestibule口腔前庭,12,TheOralCavityProper固有口腔,13,Itconstitutesthe

6、roofofthemouthandthefloorofthenasalcavity(鼻腔).,Thepalate(腭),Hardpalate(硬腭)：ananterior2/3partSoftpalate(软腭):aposterior1/3part,Thepalate,硬腭主要以骨腭为基础，覆盖黏膜而成。,软腭由肌、肌腱和粘膜组成，后部斜向后下，称腭帆。腭帆后缘游离，中央有向下的突起称腭垂。,14,Hardpalate(硬腭),Softpalate(软腭),Uvula(悬雍垂),15,Theteeth(Dentes牙齿),Twosets,Deciduousteeth乳牙Permanenttee

7、th恒牙,Twosetsfortheteeth,16,TheDeciduousteeth乳牙,20innumber,tenteethineachmandibularandmaxillaryarch.,中切牙,侧切牙,尖牙,第一磨牙,第二磨牙,17,18,Thespecialpointsforthedeciduousteeth,Eruption萌发:startsatabout6mouthsofageandcontinuestothebeginningofthe3rdyear.,Shedding脱落:occursbetweenthe6thandthe12thyearswithreplacement

8、bythepermanentteeth.,乳牙6个月大时开始萌发,3岁初出全,共20个.,19,ThePermanentteeth恒牙,32innumber,sixteenineachmandibularandmaxillaryarch.,中切牙,侧切牙,尖牙,第一磨牙,第二磨牙,第三磨牙,第一前磨牙,第二前磨牙,20,Upperjaw,Front,Rear,Lowerjaw,incisors,2,2,canines,1,1,premolars,2,2,molars,3,3,Thecomponentsofthepermanentteeth,21,22,Thespecialpointsforth

9、epermanentteeth,Thefirstpermanentmolar第1恒磨牙:appearsatabout6yearsofage.,Thethirdmolars(wisdomteeth)第3磨牙:manypersonseruptatanytimeafterthe12yearsofageornotatall.,23,Comparsionbetweenthemilkteethandpermanentteeth,2setsforthehumanteeth,milkteeth(乳齿),permanentteeth(恒齿),Delicate(易受损的)andwillgraduallyfallo

10、ut,Replacethemilkteeth,Willnotbereplacedbythenewteethiflost,Smallerandwhiterthanthepermanentteeth,24,Gumgm:牙龈,Thepartsofatooth,Crown(齿冠),Neck(齿颈),Root(齿根),theregionabovethegum,theregionsurroundedbythegum,theregionembeddedinsidethejawbone,25,基本结构附属结构,Thestructureofatooth,Enamel(釉质)Dentine(牙质)Cement(牙

11、骨质)Pulpcavity(髓腔),Periodontalmembrane(牙周膜)Jawbone(腭骨)Gingiva(牙龈),Toothstructure,26,Enamel(珐琅质),Enamel(珐琅质),theoutermost,non-living,hardlayer,mainlymadeofcalciumphosphate(磷酸钙)andasmallamountoforganicmatter,protectsthetooth,27,Dentine(牙本质),Dentine(牙本质),themiddlelayer,hardandbone-like,butsofterthanenam

12、el,hasstrands(丝条)ofthelivingcytoplasm(胞质)runningthroughit,28,Cement(牙骨质),Cement(牙骨质),anunusualformofbone,coverstherootofthetooth,29,Pulpcavity(髓腔),Pulpcavity(髓腔),theinnermostpart,containslivingcells,bloodvesselsandnerves,30,PeriodontalmembraneJejunum;IleumThelargeintestine:Cecum盲肠;Vermiformappendix阑

13、尾;Colon结肠;Rectum直肠Analcanal肛管,Question1:Whatarethecompositionofthedigestiveduct?,92,Question2:Whatarethestructureoftheliver?,Answer:Hexagonal-shapedliverlobulesarethestructuralandfunctionalunitsoftheliver.Theliverlobulesaremainlycomposedofhepatocytes(肝实质细胞)Kupffercellsaredistributedinthewallofthehepaticsinusoid(肝血窦),93,Exercise,Requirement:answereveryquestioninEnglish.,Termexplanat