考研英语辅导讲座1

1、Lecture1Paragraphwriting,Source:HogueAnnforextremelylongparagraphaconcludingsentenceisneeded.,Usefulexpressionsforconcludingaparagraph,End-of-paragraphsignalsfollowedbycomma:finally,Inbrief,Indeed,Inshort,Lastly,NOTatlast,Tosumup,End-of-paragraphsignalsnotfollowedbyacomma:TheevidencesuggeststhatTher

2、ecanbenodoubtthatTheseexamplesshowthat,Ex.Writetwoorthreetopicsentencesforthetopic“cellphones”,NeverintroduceanewideaintheconcludingsentenceE.g.Inconclusion,wenowhavemorevarietyofgreetingcardstochoosefrom,buttheyarealsobecomingveryexpensive.Inconclusion,therearemanyotherlegendslikethisoneinHawaii.,T

3、opic:CellphonesTopicsentences:1.Usingacellphonewhiledrivingcanbedangerous.2.Therearecertainrulesofcellphonemannersthateveryoneshouldknow.3.Cellphoneshavechangedthewaywecommunicate.,Supportingsentences,ThereareseveralkindsofspecificsupportingdetailsExamplesStatisticsQuotationSurveyandcasestudies,Para

4、graphcontent:,Agoodparagraphshouldhavethefollowingtwoaspects:UnityCohesionandcoherence,Unity,Discussoneandonlyonemainideainaparagraph,everysupportingsentencemustdirectlyexplainorprovethemainidea.E.g.Topic:advantagesofowingacompactcarNOT:disadvantagesNOT:morethanoneadvantage,startanewparagraphforothe

5、radvantages(gaseconomy,easierparking)However:itispossibletodiscussmorethanoneaspectofthesameideainoneparagraphiftheyarecloselyrelated.(gaseconomyandlowmaintenancecosts),Unity,Adventuretravelisthehottrendinthetourismindustry.Ordinarypeoplearenolongercontenttospendtheirtwoweeksawayfromtheofficeresting

6、onasunnybeachinFlorida.Moreandmoreoften,theyarechoosingtospendtheirvacationsraftingdownwildrivers,hikingthroughsteamyrainforests,climbingtheworldshighestmountains,orcrossingslipperyglaciers.Peopleofallagesarechoosingeducationalstudytoursfortheirvocations.Whichsentenceisoffthetopic?,Cohesionandcohere

7、nce,Cohesion:itreferstothegrammaticalaspectsofwritingandtheconnectionofideasbothatthesentencelevelandattheparagraphlevelbymeansoflinguisticdevices.(sentencesarelinkedtogether)Coherence:allsentencesintheparagraphshouldholdtogether;thatis,themovementfromonesentencetothenextmustbelogicalandsmooth.There

8、mustbenosuddenjumps.(thetextmakessense),Cohesionandcoherence,“Myfavouritecolourisblue.Ilikeitbecauseitiscalminganditrelaxesme.IoftengooutsideinthesummerandlieonthegrassandlookintotheclearskywhenIamstressed.Forthisreason,Idhavetosaymyfavouritecolourisblue.”,Cohesionwithnocoherence,“Iamateacher.Thetea

9、cherwaslateforclass.Classrhymeswithgrass.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Butitwasnotthecase.”,Thereareseveralwaystoachievecohesion:RepetitionReference:nounsordeterminersSynonymsUsetransitionsignalstolinkideas,Modelparagraph,Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteri

10、stics.Firstofall,goldhasalustrousbeautythatisresistanttocorrosion.Therefore,itissuitableforjewelry,coins,andornamentalpurposes.Goldneverneedstobepolishedandwillremainbeautifulforever.Forexample,aMacedoniancoinremainsasuntarnishedtodayasthedayitwasmade25centuriesago.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgo

11、ldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.Formanyyears,ithasbeenusedinhundredsofindustrialapplications,suchasphotographyanddentistry.Themostrecentuseofgoldisinastronautssuits.Astronautsweargold-platedheatshieldsforprotectionwhentheygooutsidespaceshipsinspace.Inconclusion,goldistreasurednotonlyforitsbeau

12、tybutalsoforitsutility.,Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.Firstofall,goldhasalustrousbeautythatisresistanttocorrosion.Therefore,itissuitableforjewelry,coins,andornamentalpurposes.Goldneverneedstobepolishedandwillremainbeautifulforever.Forexample,aMacedoniancoinremainsasuntar

13、nishedtodayasthedayitwasmade25centuriesago.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.Formanyyears,ithasbeenusedinhundredsofindustrialapplications,suchasphotographyanddentistry.Themostrecentuseofgoldisinastronautssuits.Astronautsweargold-platedheatshieldsforprotectionwhe

14、ntheygooutsidespaceshipsinspace.Inconclusion,goldistreasurednotonlyforitsbeautybutalsoforitsutility.,Thekeynoun(gold)isrepeatedforseventimesForothernouns,synonymsorotherstructurescanbeusedtoexpressthesamemeaning:forpurposesusefulnesstoapplicationstheuseofutilityTransitionsignals:firstofall,therefore

15、,forexample,inconclusion,Transitionsignals,Transitionsignalsareliketrafficsigns;theytellthereaderswhenyouaregivingasimilaridea,anoppositeidea,anexample,aresult,oraconclusionListthelinkingwordsyouknowforthefollowingcategories:TointroduceanadditionalideaTointroduceanoppositeideaorcontrastTointroduceac

16、hoiceoralternativeTointroducearestatementorexplanationTolistinorderTointroduceanexampleTointroduceaconclusionorsummaryTointroducearesult,Tointroduceanadditionalidea:inaddition,furthermore,moreover,besides,another+N,anadditional+NTointroduceanoppositeideaorcontrast:ontheotherhand,incontrast,however,n

17、evertheless,instead,still,nonetheless,although,eventhough,whereas,whileTointroduceachoiceoralternative:otherwise,or,unlessTointroducearestatementorexplanation:infact,indeed,thatisTolistinorder:first,second,third,next,last,finallyTointroduceanexample:forexample,forinstance,anexampleof+NTointroduceaconclusionorsummary:inbrief,inconclusion,indeed,inshort,insummaryTointroducearesult:accordingly,asaresult,asaconsequence,there