医学英语口语心血管词汇学习

1、医学英语口语:心血管词汇学习基本词根:词根或词干是复合词的核心，主要来源于希腊语和拉丁语。当词根或词干之间相连接或后接后缀时，若连接处无元音字母，需加上连接元音字母0或icardio；heart心脏(electrocardiogram 心电图，cardiology心脏病学)corono；crown，the heart冠，心脏(coronary bypass冠状动脉搭桥术)aorto：aorta主动脉(aortosclerosis主动脉硬化)atrio：cavity，atrium 心房(atrioseptoplasty房间隔修补术)ventrio：ventricle心室(intraventric

2、ular block室内传导阻滞)angio；vessel血管(angiogram血管造影术)vaso l a vessel血管(vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂)artero；artery动脉(arteri0stenosis动脉狭窄)veno；vein静脉(venostasis静脉淤滞)phlebo；vein静脉(thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎)stetho：chest胸(stethoscope听诊器stethalgia胸痛)thoraco：chest胸(thoracomyodynia胸肌痛)sphygmo：pulse脉搏(sphygmomanometer血压计，sph

3、ygmopalpation切脉)hemo；blood血(hemorrhage出血)hemato：blood血(hematuria血尿)plasmo：plasma血浆(plasmapheresis血浆除去法)thrombo；clot血块(thrombosis血栓形成)fibrofiber，fiberous tissue纤维(组织)(myocardial fibrosis心肌纤维化)agglutino；clumping凝块(agglutinogen凝集原)globo:round，globe圆的，球(globin球蛋白)sero:serum 血清(seroenzyme血清酶)lympho:lymph

4、淋巴(1ym phadenitis淋巴结炎)athero：fatty buildup脂肪堆积(atherosc1erosis动脉粥样硬化)myo：muscle肌肉(cardiomyopathy心肌病；myocardium 心肌)cyto；cell细胞(cytotoxic细胞毒的)angino；choking阻塞(anginal心绞痛的)tacho；quick快速(tachycardia心动过速)brachy: short短的(brachycardia心动过缓)2 常用后缀: 后缀加于词根词干之后，不仅改变其意义，还决定该词的词性.21 名词后缀加在词干之后，变成名词。如：一ia：conditi

5、on条件或情况(anemia贫血，ischemia缺血)- itis：inflammation(myocarditis心肌炎)- osis：abnormal or pathological condition(sclerosis硬化症)- ism；a condition (embolism栓塞)一(i)um ：与.有关(pericardium心包)- let：指小词(platelet血小板)一ulc：指小词(venule小静脉)一ulum：指小词(vasculum 小血管)22 形容词后缀加在词干之后，变成形容词。如：- ac，-al，一ar：.的(cardiac心脏的bronchia1支气管

6、的)- eal：.的(esophageal食道的)- ous：(intravenous静脉内的)一old，类.的，.样的(cystoid囊样的)23 复合后缀由词干和一个简单的后缀构成。如，一algia：pain(thorcalgia胸痛) 一ectasia ，dilatation扩张(venectasia静脉扩张)一emia：blood condition血液状况(1eukemia白血病)一odynia：pain 痛(cardiodynia心痛)一penia:deficiency不足(1euk0cyt0penia白血球减少)一uria:urine condition尿的情况(hematuri

7、a血尿)一graphy： process of recording 记录(electrocardiography心电描记术)一lysis：dissolution溶解(hemolysis溶血)一blast：未分化的原始胚胎细胞(fibroblast成纤维细胞)一sclerosis：a hardening硬化(arteriosclerosis动脉硬化)一stenosls :a norrowing狭窄(arteriostensis动脉狭窄)一tomy：cut，incision切开(pericardiotomy心包切开术)3 常用前缀 : 前缀加于词根词干前限制其意义，多数情况下一个复合词前有一个前缀

8、，有时两个前缀叠加共同限制词义一；无，非(atypical非典型性的)an一：无，非(anuria stage无尿期 anemia贫血)anti一：against抗(antldiuretic hormone抗利尿激素)circum一：around环(circumduction环行运动)contra一：against抗(contraindication禁忌症)de一：from 从(deoxidation脱氧)dys一：bad坏，困难(dyssystole心收缩异常)endo一：inside，inner内部(endogenous内源性的，endocardial 心内膜的)epi一：over，upo

9、n外部，上(epicardiolysis心外膜松解术)hyper一：above，excessive超过(hyperglycemia高血糖ventricular hypertrophy心室肥厚)hypolunder，less than normal低于正常(hyponatremia低钠血症hyposystole心收缩过弱)inter一：between在.之间(interventricular septum室间隔)intra一：within在.之内(intravenous静脉内的)pars一：beside，alongside旁，附着(paravenous静脉旁的)peri :around周围(en

10、dopericarditis心内膜心包炎)post: after后(postifarction syndrome心肌梗塞后综合症)pre一：before在.之前(precardium心前区)sub:under在.之下，亚(subleukemic leukemia亚白血性白血病)super一：above，over高于，超过(superoxide anion超氧化物阴离子)supra：above，over高于，超过(supraventricular tachycardia室上性心动过速)A阿埃艾按奥阿什曼现象(曾用名“阿希曼现象”)Ashman phenomenon阿-斯综合征Adams-Stok

11、es syndrome埃布斯坦综合征Ebstein syndrome,Ebstein anomaly艾森门格综合征Eisenmenger syndrome按需型起搏器demand pacemaker奥斯丁.弗林特杂音Austin Flint murmurB靶瓣泵闭变病并波搏不布部靶心率target heart rate瓣口反流面积regurgitant valve orifice area泵衰竭pump failure闭塞性心肌病obliterative cardiomyopathy变力性inotropic变时性chronotropic变速ramp变异型心绞痛variant angina pe

12、ctoris,Prinzmetal angina病毒性心包炎viral pericarditis病毒性心肌炎viral myocarditis病态窦房结综合征sick sinus syndrome,SSS并行收缩parasystoleQRS波群QRS complexQ波心肌梗死Q-wave myocardial infarction搏动pulsation不稳定型心绞痛unstable angina pectoris布兰德-怀特-加兰德综合征Bland-White-Garland syndrome部分阻滞partial blockC侧长超陈成程充出除触传磁侧支循环collateral circu

13、lation长Q-T间期综合征long Q-T syndrome长轴观long-axis view超常传导supernormal conduction超常激动supernormal excitation超声波ultrasonic wave超声电子计算机切面显像术ultrasonic computer tomography超声切面显像术ultrasonotomography超声全息ultrasonic holography超声束ultrasonic beam超声图ultrasonogram超声心动描记术echocardiography,ultrasonic cardiography,UCG超声诊

14、断ultrasonic diagnosis超速overdrive超速抑制overdrive suppression陈旧性心肌梗死old myocardial infarction成串train成串期前收缩salvo peremature beat成对刺激couple stimulation成对期前收缩couplets premature beat程控刺激programmed electrical stimulation,PES程控额外刺激programmed extrastimulation程控扫描programmed scanning充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failu

15、re出血性心包炎hemorrhagic pericarditis除极(又称“去极化”)depolarization触发激动triggered activity触发型起搏triggered pacing传出阻滞exit block传导比例conduction ratio传入阻滞entrance block磁频率magnet rateD大单导等低第递电吊动冻窦短对多夺大动脉错位malposition of great arteries大隐静脉瓣功能试验(又称“布罗迪-特伦德伦堡试验”)Brodie-Trendelenburg test大折返macro-reentry单极导联unipolar lea

16、d单向阻滞unidirectional block单心房single atrium单心室single ventricel导管后型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,postductal type导管前型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,preductal type导联lead等长运动isometric exercise等容舒张期isovolumic relaxation phase低动力hypokinesis低心排血量综合征low cardiac output syndrome低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock低血压hypotension第二心音

17、second heart sound,S2第二心音固定分裂fixed splitting of second heart sound第二心音逆分裂paradoxical splitting of second heart sound第三心音third heart sound,S3第四心音fourth heart sound,S4第一心音first heart sound,S1递减传导decremental conduction递增起搏incremental pacing电机械分离electrical mechanical dissociation电生理检查electrophysiologic

18、study,EPS电生理学electrophysiology吊床样hammock form动力障碍dyskinesis动脉导管未闭patent ductus arteriosus动脉血氧饱和度arterial oxygen saturation动脉硬化arteriosclerosis动脉杂音arterial murmur动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis动态心电图ambulatory electrocardiogram,Holter monitoring electrocardiogram动作电位action potential冻结显示freeze-frame窦房传导时间sinoatr

19、ial conduction time,SACT窦房传导阻滞sinoatrial block窦房结功能衰竭sinus node failure窦房结功能障碍sinus node dysfunction窦房结恢复时间sinus node revovery time,SNRT窦房折返性心动过速sinoatrial reentry tachycardia窦室传导sinoventricular conduction窦性静止sinus standstill窦性停搏sinus arrest窦性心动过缓sinus bradycardia窦性心动过速sinus tachycardia窦性心律sinus rhy

20、thm窦性心律不齐sinus arrhythmia短P-R综合征short P-R syndrome,Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome短阵快速脉冲刺激burst stimulation短阵快速起搏burst pacing短轴观short-axis view对导管型主动脉缩窄coarctation of aorta,jutta ductal type多功能程控multiprogrammability多源性心律multifocal rhythm夺获captureE额恶二额面frontal plane额外刺激extrastimulation恶性高血压malignant hype

21、rtension二尖瓣P波P-mitrale二尖瓣闭锁mitral atresia二尖瓣反流mitral regurgitation二尖瓣关闭不全mitral incompetence,mitral insufficiency二尖瓣口面积mitral valve orifice area二尖瓣上环(又称“二尖瓣上环形狭窄，supravalvular ring mitral stenosis”)supramitral ring二尖瓣脱垂mitral valve prolapse二尖瓣狭窄mitral stenosis二联律bigeminy二腔观two-chamber view二叶主动脉瓣bicu

22、spid aortic valveF法反房非肥肺分风福复负附法洛三联症(曾用名“法乐三联症”)trilogy of Fallot法洛四联症(曾用名“法乐四联症”)tetralogy of Fallot,Fallot tetrad法洛五联症(曾用名“法乐五联症”)pentalogy of Fallot反流分数regurgitant fraction反流血流量regurgitant blood flow房间隔缺损atrial septal defect房间隔缺损合并二尖瓣裂atrial septal defect with cleft mitral valve房室传导atrioventricula

23、r conduction房室传导阻滞atrioventricular block房室分离atrioventricular dissociation房室结内折返性心动过速A-V nodal reentry tachycardia房室结双径路dual A-V nodal pathways房室顺序型起搏atrioventricular sequential pacing,DVI房室折返性心动过速A-V reentry tachycardia房束旁道atriofascicular tract,Brechenmacher tract房性心动过速atrial tachycardia非梗阻性肥厚型心肌病no

24、nobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy非特异性心包炎nonspecific pericarditis非同步型房室顺序起搏asynchronous atrioventricular sequential pacing,DOO非透壁性心肌梗死nontransmural myocardial infarction非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis非阵发性心动过速nonparoxysmal tachycardia肥厚型心肌病hypertrophic cardiomyopathy肺充血pulmonary

25、 congestion肺动脉瓣闭锁pulmonary atresia肺动脉瓣第二音pulmonary second heart sound,P2肺动脉瓣二叶瓣bicuspid pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣发育不全agenesis of pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣反流pulmonary regurgitaion肺动脉瓣关闭不全pulmonary incompetence,pulmonary isufficiency肺动脉瓣上狭窄supravalvular pulmonary stenosis肺动脉瓣狭窄pulmonary stenosis,valvular pulmonar

26、y stenosis肺动脉瓣下狭窄subvalvular pulmonary stenosis肺动脉高压pulmonary hypertension肺动脉楔压pulmonary wedge pressure肺动脉压pulmonary artery pressure肺静脉畸形引流anomalous pulmonary venous drainage肺性P波P-pulmonale肺血管阻力pulmonary vascular resistance肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale分支阻滞fascicular block风湿性全心炎rheumatic carditis,rheumatic pan

27、carditis风湿性心脏病rheumatic heart disease福格蒂取栓导管Fogarty embolectomy catheter复极(又称“复极化”)repolarization负荷试验stress test附加径路accessory pathwayG干肝感高格梗功共固冠干扰interference肝颈静脉反流征hepatojugular reflux感染性心内膜炎infective endocarditis高动力hyperkinesis高动力循环状态hyperkinetic circulatory state高度阻滞advanced block,high grade bloc

28、k高血压hypertension,arterial hypertension高血压脑病hypertensive encephalopathy高血压危象hypertensive crisis高血压心脏病hypertensive heart disease高原性低血压high altitude hypotension高原性心脏病high altitude heart disease格雷厄姆.斯蒂尔杂音(又称“肺动脉瓣区柔和舒张期杂音”)Graham Steell murmur梗阻性肥厚型心肌病obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy功能性杂音functiona

29、l murmur共同房室瓣common atrioventricular valve共同房室通道common atrioventricular canal共同径路common pathway固定频率起搏器fixed-rate pacemaker固有心率inherent heart rate,intrinsic heart rate,IHR冠状动静脉瘘coronary arteriovenous fistula冠状动脉瘘coronary artery fistula冠状动脉异常起源anomalous origin of coronary artery冠状动脉样硬化性心脏病coronary ath

30、erosclerotic heart disease冠状血管阻力coronary vascular resistanceH海核横后化环换回混海鸥鸣样杂音seagull murmur核心运动概念leading circle concept横面transverse plane后除极after-depolarization化脓性心包炎suppurative pericarditisQRS环QRS loop环行运动circus movement环运行inscription of loop换能器transducer回波搏动echo beat混叠效应aliasing effectJ机肌激极急嵴寄继夹加贾假

31、监尖腱间交矫近经颈静机器样杂音machinery murmur肌部室间隔缺损muscular ventricular septal defect激光消融术laser ablation极化polarization急进性高血压accelerated hypertension急性冠状动脉供血不足acute coronary insufficiency急性心肌梗死acute myocardial infarction嵴上型室间隔缺损supracristal ventricular septal defect嵴下型室间隔缺损infracristal ventricular septal defect寄生

32、虫性心肌炎parasitic myocarditis继发孔型房间隔缺损ostium secundum defect继发性高血压secondary hypertension继发性心肌病secondary cardiomyopathyQRS-T夹角QRS-T angle加速性房室结传导enhanced A-V nodal conduction加速性交接区心律accelerated junctional rhythm加速性心室自主心律(又称“加速性室性自搏心律”)accelerated idioventricular rhythm贾金斯冠状动脉导管(曾用名“杰氏冠状动脉导管”)Judkins cor

33、onary catheter假性动脉干pseudotruncus arteriosus监测导联monitoring lead尖端扭转型室性心动过速torsade de pointes腱索断裂rupture of chordae tendineae间隔分支阻滞septal fascicular block间期interval间位interposition间歇脉intermittent pulse间歇性跛行intermittent claudication交接区心律junctional rhythm交接区性心动过速junctional tachycardia矫正型大动脉转位corrected tr

34、ansposition of great arteries近程增益near-area gain经房间隔左心导管检查transseptal left heart catheterization经静脉起搏transvenous pacing经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA经皮腔内球囊主动脉瓣成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasy,PTCA经皮腔内球囊瓣膜成形术percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplast

35、y经皮腔内球囊二尖瓣成形术percutaneous transluminal balloon mitral valvuloplasty经皮腔内球囊肺动脉瓣成形术percutaneous transluminal balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty经皮腔内球囊扩张静脉狭窄percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of venous stenosis经皮腔内球囊三尖瓣成形术percutaneous transluminal balloon tricuspid valvuloplasty经皮腔内球囊主动脉瓣成形术percut

36、aneous transluminal balloon aortic valvuloplasty经皮腔内肾动脉成形术percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty经皮腔内血管成形术percutaneous transluminal angioplasty经皮腔内周围动脉成形术percutaneous peripheral artery angioplasty经胸起搏transthoracic pacing颈动脉窦综合征carotid sinus syndrome颈静脉搏动jugular venous pulsation静脉哼鸣(又称“静脉营营音”)ven

37、ous hum静脉怒张venous engorgement静脉曲张varicose vein静脉炎phlebitisK开抗可克肯空库跨扩开瓣音opening snap抗心动过速起搏器anti-tachycardia pacemaker可程控起搏器programmable pacemaker克山病Keshan disease肯特束bundle of Kent空间脉冲长度spatial pulse length库斯莫尔征Kussmaul sign跨膜电位transmembrane potential,membrane potential扩张型心肌病dilated cardiomyopathyL劳勒

38、雷类冷连列临隆卢卵罗劳力性呼吸困难exertional dyspnea勒内格尔病Lenegre disease雷诺病Raynaud disease类本位屈折intrinsicoid deflection冷冻消融术cryoablation连续性杂音continuous murmur列夫病Lev disease临界性高血压borderline hypertension隆隆样杂音rumbling murmur卢滕巴赫综合征Lutembacher syndrome卵圆孔未闭patent foramen ovale罗马诺-沃德综合征Romano-Ward syndromeM马埋脉慢毛梅每膜莫马方综合征M

39、arfan syndrome马海姆纤维Mahaim fiber马斯特二级梯运动试验Master two-step exercise test埋藏式自动复律除颤器implantable automatic cardiovertor-defibrillator,AICD脉搏短绌pulse deficit脉冲多普勒超声心动描记术pulsed Doppler echocardiography脉冲发生器pulse generator脉冲幅度pulse amplitude脉冲宽度pulse width脉压(又称“脉搏区”)pulse pressure慢快综合征brady-tachy arrhythmia

40、syndrome,BTS毛细血管搏动capillary pulsation梅毒性冠状动脉口狭窄syphilitic ocronary ostial stenosis梅毒性心肌树胶样肿syphilitic gumma of myocardium梅毒性主动脉炎syphilitic aortitis每搏量(又称“每搏输出量”)stroke volume每搏作功(又称“搏出功”)stroke work每搏作功指数stroke work index膜部室间隔缺损membranous ventricular septal defect莫氏型房室传导阻滞Mobitz type atrioventricula

41、r blockN逆逆行主动脉造影术retrograde aortographyO偶偶联间期(又称“配对间期”)coupling intervalP喷频喷射性杂音ejection murmur频率反应式起搏器rate responsive pacemaker频率依赖性阻滞rate-dependent blockQ期奇起切屈取全缺期前收缩(又称“过早搏动”)extrasystole,premature beat奇脉paradoxical pulse起搏pacing起搏刺激pacing stimulation起搏电极pacing electrode起搏方式mode of cardiac pacing

42、起搏器pacemaker起搏器功能障碍pacemaker malfunction起搏器相关性心动过速pacemaker related tachycardia起搏器综合征pacemaker syndrome起搏周长paced cycle length起搏阈值pacing threshold起始向量initial vector切面超声心动描记术cross-section echocardiography切面回声描记术tomoechography切面显像cross-section imaging屈折deflection取样容积sampling volume全肺阻力total pulmonary r

43、esistance全收缩期杂音holosystolic murmur,pansystolic murmur全自动双腔起搏fully automatic dual chamber pacing,DDD缺血性心脏病ischemic heart diseaseR染热人融乳染料稀释曲线法dye dilution curve method热稀释法thermodilution method人工心脏起搏器artificial pacemaker融合波群fusion complex乳头肌断裂rupture of papillary muscle of heart乳头肌功能不良dysfunction of pa

44、pillary muscleS三扇上射渗升时实矢室收舒束双水顺四松碎缩三房心cor triatriatum三尖瓣闭锁tricuspid atresia三尖瓣反流tricuspid regurgitation三尖瓣关闭不全tricuspid incompetence,tricuspid insufficiency三尖瓣狭窄tricuspid stenosis三联律trigeminy三腔心cor triloculare扇形扫描sector scanning上升支upstroke射频导管消融术radiofrequency catheter ablation射频手术消融术radiofrequency

45、surgical ablation射血分数ejection fraction射血时间ejection time射血时间指数ejection time index渗出性心包炎effusive pericarditis升线一波脉anacrotic pulse时间增益补偿time gain compensation,TGC实时频谱分析real time spectral analysis矢面sagittal plane室壁激动时间ventricular activation time,VAT室壁运动ventricular wall motion室房传导ventriculo-atrial conduc

46、tion室间隔缺损ventricular septal defect室上性心动过速supraventricular tachycardia室性心动过速ventricular tachycardia收缩期高血压systolic hypertension收缩期喀喇音systolic click收缩期末容积end-systolic volume收缩期末容积指数end-systolic volume index收缩期末压end-systolic pressure收缩期喷射喀喇音systolic ejection click收缩期前奔马律presystolic gallop收缩期前向活动systolic

47、 anterior motion,SAM收缩期前杂音presystolic murmur收缩晚期杂音late systolic murmur收缩压systolic pressure收缩早期杂音early systolic murmur收缩中期杂音mid-systolic murmur舒张期末容积end-diastolic volume舒张期末容积指数end-diastolic volume index舒张期末压end-diastolic pressure舒张压diastolic pressure舒张早期奔马律protodiastolic gallop舒张早期杂音early diastolic

48、murmur舒张中期杂音mid-diastolic murmur束支传导阻滞bundle-branch block,BBB双极导联bipolar lead双上腔静脉double superior vena cava双向阻滞bidirectional block双心腔起搏器dual chamber pacemaker双主动脉弓double aortic arch水冲脉water-hammer pulse顺应性compliance四联律quadrigeminy松弛性lusitropic松斯冠状动脉导管(曾用名“宋氏冠状动脉导管”)Sones coronary catheter碎裂电位fragmen

49、ted potential缩窄性心包炎constrictive pericarditisT踏探陶特体同透脱踏板运动试验treadmill exercise test踏车运动试验bicycle exercise test探查电极exploring electrode陶-宾综合征Taussig-Bing syndrome特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis,IHSS特发性肺动脉干扩张idiopathic dilatation of pulmonary trunk特发性心肌病idiopathic cardiomyopathy体

50、表标测surface mapping同步起搏synchronous pacing透壁性心肌梗死transmural myocardial infarction脱缰(又称“失控”)run-awayW瓦外完晚往微韦围伪文稳握沃无瓦尔萨尔瓦动作Valsalva maneuver外周血管阻力peripheral vascular resistance完全型大动脉转位complete transposition of great arteries晚电位late potential往返性杂音to and fro murmur微波消融术microwave ablation韦金斯基现象(曾用名“魏登斯基现象”

51、)Wedensky phenomenon韦金斯基效应(曾用名“魏登斯基效应”)Wedensky effect韦金斯基易化作用(曾用名“魏登斯基易化作用”)Wedensky facilitation围生期心脏病(又称“围产期心脏病”)perinatal heart disease伪超常传导pseudosupernormal conduction文氏型房室传导阻滞(又称“莫氏型房室传导阻滞，Mobitz type atrioventricular block”)Wenckebach atrioventricular block)稳定型心绞痛stable angina pectoris握力负荷试验h

52、andgrip stress test沃-帕-怀综合征Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome无Q波心肌梗死non-Q-wave myocardial infarction无创性方法non-invasive method无动力akinesis无收缩asystoleX希细先纤限相向消小斜心型胸选血循希氏束电图His bundle electrogram,HBE希氏束电位分裂split of His potential细菌性心包炎bacterial pericarditis细菌性心肌炎bacterial myocarditis细菌性心内膜炎bacterial endocarditis先天性肺静脉狭窄congenital pulmonary vein stenosis先天性室间隔瘤congenital aneurysm of ventricular septum先天性心包缺损congenital pericardial defect先天性心脏病