英语常用介词用法与辨析

1、英语常用介词用法与辨析清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供英语常用介词用法与辨析表示方位的介词：in, to, on1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如： Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如：Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于

2、中国北边。表示计量的介词：at, for, by1. at表示“以速度”“以价格”。如：It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。2. for表示“用交换，以为代价”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。3. by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。Here eg

3、gs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。表示材料的介词：of, from, in1. of成品仍可看出原料。如：This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。2. from成品已看不出原料。如：Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如：Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈(from )。注意：in指用材料，不用冠词

4、；而with指用工具，要用冠词。请比较：draw in pencil/draw with a pencil。表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on1. by用某种方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词。请比较：I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。2. with表示“用某种工具”。如：He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。3. on表示

5、“以方式”，多用于固定词组。They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。表示关于的介词：of, about, on1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如：He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。He thought about this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如：Can you tell me somethin

6、g about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如：Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of1. for表示原因，常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如：I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：H

7、e was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。如：He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。4. of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。如：The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因

8、。 Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如：He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如：Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”。如：Thanks to John, we

9、won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。10. out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于”。如：He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如：The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。表示好像或当作的介词：like, as1. like表示“像一样”，其实不是。如：Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家

10、一样强健和自豪。2. as表示“作为，以身份”，其实也是。如：He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示“好像”。如：The work is not so difficult as you imagin这工作不像你想像的那么困难。表示支持或反对的介词：against, foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。如：Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还”。如：

11、Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影。(他和另外30人都去了) He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。如(from )：Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）All the visitors are Japanese except h

12、im. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）注意：(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用；若与other连用，只能用besides。如：He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。(B) except是排除同类；而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正。如：The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写

13、错误是非同类的) 但except for也可代替except，特别是在句首时，因为except是不能用于句首的。如：Except George, you can all go. 除乔治外，你们都可以去。57个中考必备句型1 as soon as2 asas3 asas possible4 ask sb. for sth.5 ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth.6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.7 be afraid of doing/that8 be busy doing sth.9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for

14、10 be glad that11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tellsth. to sb.12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth.13 eitheror14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth.15 find it + adj to do sth.16 get + 比较级17 get ready for/get sth. ready18 had better (not) do sth.19 help sb. (to)

15、 do/help sb.with20 I dont think that 21 I would like to /Would you like to?22 is one of the + 最高级 + n(pl.)23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.24 It is a good idea to do sth.25 It is the second + 最高级 +n.26 It looks like /It sounds like 27 It seems to sb. that28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj.29 It takes

16、 sb some time. to do sth.30 Its bad/good for31 Its time for/to do sth. 32 Its two meters (years) long (high, old).33 keep sb. doing34 keep/make sth. +adj.35 like to do / like doing36 make / let sb.(not) do sth.37 neithernor38 notat all39 notuntil40 Onethe other/Some others41 preferto42 see/hear sb.

17、do(doing) sth.43 sothat44 spendon /(in) doing sth.45 stop to do /stop doing46 such a +adj. +n. that47 take/bring sth with sb.48 thank sb for sth.49 The morethe better50 There is sth. wrong with51 tooto52 used to53 What about /How about?54 Whats the matter with?55 Whats wrong?56 Why not?57 Will (woul

18、d, could) you please?定语从句考点聚焦： 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。确定关系词的步骤（1）先找从句，看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。（2）看先行词指的是什么。特别注意在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which（1）先行词被：，形容词最高级 ，序数词，the same, the very , the

19、only, the last 等修饰时（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。宜用which而不用that的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时whose作关系词既指人的又指物的，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room whose window faces the river.练习一、用适当的关系代词填空1.Is it the very house _tha

20、t /_ you lived in ten years ago?2.The woman _who ./ that _ sits next to the door is my mother.3.Ill never forget the guy_who / that _ saved the boy. 4.It is the house _that . which _ I was born in .5.The house _whose_ roof is broken has been repaired.二、选择填空()1. The money will be used to help the peo

21、ple_1ost their homes in the Tsunami（海啸）. A. who B. whose C. which D. where()2.This is the best film _has been shown this year. A. who B. that C. which D. when()3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where()4.Mr. Li told us the stones and w

22、riters _ interested him A. what B. who C. that D. which()5.Ill never forget the summer holidays _ we spent together.A. when B. in which C. which D. how()6Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who()7.The letter _ I received yesterday is very i

23、mportant.A. who B. where C. what D. that()8.I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where()9.This is the place _I have ever visited. A. thereB. whenC. whereD. which()10.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D.

24、 when()11.The moon is a world _there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why()12.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which()13.He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. on which()14.Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came t

25、o the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which()15.He got to the village _ his family once lived A. that B. which C. when D. where中考英语作文模板：议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目_. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from

26、person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitudeas follows: in the first place, _原因一_.Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_. People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleho

27、ld the idea that _观点二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, thereis nodoubtthat _观点二_. As far as I am concerned, Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat _观点一或二_.Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. （2）利弊型的议论文Nowadays, there is a wide

28、spread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_. Just As a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, _讨论议题_ is

29、no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _缺点二_. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of t

30、he _讨论议题_.( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pro

31、blem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, _方法_.( 4 ) 谚语

32、警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: _谚语_ has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is _例子一_. Therefore, it is goes without

33、saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous

34、saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.中考英语作文模板：图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreas

35、ing from_ in _to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasons accounting for _. Ontheonehand, _. Ontheotherhand,_ is duetothefactthat _.Inaddition, _ isresponsiblefor _.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow _.Butitisgenerally bel

36、ievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonly convincing. AsfarasIamconcerned,I hold the point of view that _. Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.中考英语作文模板：实用性写作(申请信) Your addressMonth, Date, yearReceivers addressDear .,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for t

37、he position in . And I would like to write a letter to tell you that./ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . I am enclosing my resume for your kind consider

38、ation and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.英语中考模板：对比观点型

39、1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1有一些人认为。 2另一些人认为。3我的看法。 The topic of -（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is heir favorite. They hold their view for the reason of-（支持A的理由一）What is more, -理由二). Moreover,-(理由三). While others think that B is a

40、 better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),-（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),-(理由三). From my point of view, I think -（我的观点）. The reason is that-(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice

41、.2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that -（观点一）. For example, they think-（举例说明）And it will bring them-(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing,-(反对的理由之二) Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that-(我对文章所讨

42、论主题的看法)阐述主题型：要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义 分析并举例使其更充实The good old proverb -（名言或谚语）reminds us that -(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-(理由一). For example, -(举例说明). Secondly,-(理由二). Another case is that -(举例说明). Furthermore , -(理由三) In my opinion, -(我的观点). In short

43、, whatever you do, please remember the say-A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法型：要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径：问题现状 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, -(说明的现状)Second, -(举例进

44、一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解决方法一). For another -(解决方法二). Finally, -(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -(带来的好处).2010英语作文万能模块一、英

45、语书信的常见写作模板开头部分：How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.Im glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.Im pleased to hear that youre coming to China for a visit.Im writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：With best wishes.Im looking forw

46、ard to your reply.Id appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板呼语及开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully an

47、d well have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and dont be late.结束语部分：Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope youll have a nice time here.Thats all. Thank you.三、议论文模板1.正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should. （导入话题）Our opinions are

48、divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）Here are the reasons. First. Second. Finally.(列出23个赞成的理由)第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）Their reasons are as follows. In the first place. Whats more. In addition.(列出23个反对的理由)结论：第4段：Personally s

49、peaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） 2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has

50、 more advantages.正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that . Another reason is that.(赞同A的原因)第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent. (列出12个B的优势)结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we ma

51、y finally draw the conclusion that .(得出结论) 3.观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：First of all. Secondly. Besides.(列出23个赞成或反对的理由)结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that.

52、 （照应第1段，构成总分总结构）4.How to类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all. Another way to solve the problem is . Finally.(列出23个解决此类问题的办法)结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to.(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)四、图表作文写作模板The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This m