英语六级选词填空

1、Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please

2、mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteriaFOR half a century, the (1) _of progress in the computer industry has been to do more

3、with less.Moores law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space (2)_ every 18 months.The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.Yet as (3)_ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss

4、 of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.Happily for those that lack Intels resources, there may be a cheaper optionnamely to mimic Mother Nature,who has been building tiny (4)_, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of y

5、ears, and has thus got rather good at it.A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the (5)_.In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magn

6、ets,similar to those employed to store information in disk drives.The researchers took their (6)_ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earths magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.Previous work has isolat

7、ed the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacteriumEscherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnologyto (7)_ this protein in bulk.Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard

8、 pattern of chemicals.Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.The other half were left untreated as controls.They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated (8)_ of iron salts.Aft

9、er that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, accordi

10、ng to how it was polarised.Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing (9)_.But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, b

11、oth of these objections could be dealt with.The (10)_ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.A)

12、componentsB) advantageC) standardsD) complimentsE) essenceF) inspirationG) disadvantageH) doublesI) solutionJ) resolutionK) devicesL) manufactureM) spiritN) productO) technique答案：1.E)essence2.H)doubles3.A)components4.K)devices5.O)technique6.F)inspiration7.L)manufacture8.I)solution9.C)standards10.B)a

13、dvantage 全文翻译A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria制造计算机存储器的新奇方法：使用细菌FOR half a century, the essence of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.半个世纪以来，计算机产业发展的本质就是花钱更少，成事更多。Moores law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into

14、a given space doubles every 18 months.摩尔定律的著名论断是：能够放入某空间内的晶体管数量每18个月翻一番。The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.储存的数据也有着类似的增长速率，Yet as components get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.但是随着部件越来越小，它们的制造难度和成本也逐渐增加。On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel,

15、 a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.5月10日，美国芯片巨头因特尔总裁兼CEOPaul Otellini宣布将花费上百亿美元建设新工厂。Happily for those that lack Intels resources, there may be a cheaper optionnamely to mimic Mother Nature,对于不像因特尔那么有钱的厂家的好消息是，他们或许可以选择更便宜的方式模拟大自然。who has been buildin

16、g tiny devices, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.对于大自然来说，她建造微小设备已经有数十亿年了，所以自然是信手拈来，当然，这些设备都是以活细胞和其组份的形式呈现。A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the technique.发表在纳米技术期刊微小的一篇论文描述了

17、这一新技术的示例，In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,该技术团队由英国利兹大学的Sarah Staniland领导，他们用自然生成的蛋白质让微型磁性材料进行排列，similar to those employed to store information in disk drives.这与磁盘驱动器

18、上储存信息的磁性材料排序是类似的。The researchers took their inspiration from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earths magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.研究人员从趋磁细菌上获得了灵感，由于该细菌内部存在磁性颗粒，所以对地球磁场非常敏感。Previous work has isolat

19、ed the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacteriumEscherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnologyto manufacture this protein in bulk.他们先要把制造这种微型罗盘的蛋白质分离出来，并采用基因工程技术设法让另一种细菌大肠杆菌来批量生产这种蛋白质，而大肠杆菌

20、在生物体内普遍存在，是生物工程中的常用苦力。Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.然后他们用化学方法绘制微小的棋盘图案，Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.并把图案的每一块染成金黄色，The other half were left untreated as controls.每块区域的一半用该蛋白质做固定点，They then dipped the gold into a

21、solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated solution of iron salts.另一半不做任何处理作为对照，再把这些金黄色的棋盘浸入含蛋白质的溶液中，并允许溶液中的蛋白质与棋盘上的固定蛋白质结合，最后把该棋盘全部浸入加热的铁盐溶液中。After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.他们再用电子显微镜观察实验结果，Su

22、re enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.果然，棋盘上的固定蛋白质区域产生了成群的磁铁颗粒，并由细菌蛋白质控制在相应位置。In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarise

23、d.基本上每个磁域都能按极化的方式存储一个字节信息的1或0。Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.但是要制成真正的计算机存储器还有很长的路要走，For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing standards.首先对于可用的存储器来说，那些磁铁颗粒的磁性还

24、不够强大，并且每个区域的尺寸对现在计算机标准来说太大了。But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.但Staniland认为，只要做些足够的调整，那些困难都将不是问题。The advantage of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.这种方法的好处就是不用像因特尔那样如此资源密集地去建造新工厂，Growing things

25、does not need as much kit as making them.在制造不断发展的产品时也不需要同样多的设备，If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.所以，如果这种调整可以成功的话，生物技术将会有一个全新的定义。Nice juicy AppleALTHOUGH he is still (1)_ things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn h

26、as found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist (2) _that he had built up a stake in Apple, though he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bought. Mr Icahns intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to e

27、xpand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.Mr Icahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a (3)_ buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firms founder, and Silver Lake, a private-equity fi

28、rm. His pressing has already forced the buy-out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billion and he has taken his (4)_ to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct

29、Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial, a Canadian bank, has been (5)_ fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12th that it is exploring various (6) _options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Ma

30、nagement, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks could do more to improve returns to (7)_.One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the economic downturn and have been

31、 slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and (8)_ a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of 2015.Another reason that tech firms

32、make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologies can trip up even the mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, which ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investo

33、rs hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidly in response to such upheavals in their markets.The rewards can be substantial. Egged on by Third Point, an activist hedge fund, Yahoo (9) _Marissa Mayer as its new chief executive in July 2012. By the time she celebrated a year in the

34、 job last month, the troubled web giants share price had risen by over 70%. In July the hedge fund sold a big chunk of shares back to Yahoo. Mr Icahn thinks Apples share price, which closed at $499 on August 14th, could soar too if the firm follows his advice on buy-backs. He tweeted this week that

35、he had had a “nice (10)_” with Tim Cook, Apples boss, about his idea, though he did not say what Mr Cook thought of it. If Apple drags its feet, expect things to turn nasty.A) shareholdersB) strategicC) communicationD) battleE) conversationF) encouragingG) excitingH) stirringI) appointedJ) raceK) re

36、vealedL) methodM) accelerateN) proposed答案1.H) stirring2.K) revealed3.N) proposed4.D) battle5.F) encouraging6.B) strategic7.A) shareholders8.M) accelerate9.I) appointed10.E) conversation全文翻译：新鲜多汁的“苹果”Nice juicy Apple尽管卡尔伊坎仍在陷入困境的电脑生产商戴尔公司搅和，他已经抽出了时间力争另一家科技巨头。8月13日，这位积极的投资老手透露他已经持有苹果的股份，但是具体持有多少则避而不谈。

37、然而，伊坎先生的意图很明确：他想要这家消费电子产品巨头扩张计划，将1470亿美元市值里的部分资金以现金和有价证券的形式返还给股东。ALTHOUGH he is still stirring things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn has found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist revealed that he had built up a stake in Apple, though

38、he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bought. Mr Icahns intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to expand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.伊坎先生也仍在从戴尔公司争取更多的钱，他正在游说股东反对一起收购。这项收购计

39、划是由戴尔的创始人迈克尔戴尔和一家私募股权公司银湖发起的。来自伊坎先生的压力已经使收购方提高了3.5亿美元的价格，使得收购价达到了248亿美元。他已经将斗争带到了法庭，通过投标争取得到更多的钱。Mr Icahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a proposed buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firms founder, and Silver Lake, a private-equity firm. H

40、is pressing has already forced the buy-out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billion and he has taken his battle to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.其他的科技公司也吸引了不少积极投资者的注意。今年早些时候，一个投资基金ValueAct Capital表示其持有了微软公司20亿美元的股份。加拿大银行捷豹金融也鼓励陷入危机的黑莓创新思维。今年8月12日，黑莓公司表示其

41、正在探索战略选择，包括结盟和出售公司。一家对冲基金艾略特管理公司游说数据存储公司NetApp做出改变，该公司认为NetApp能做出更多来提高股东的收益。Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial, a Canadian bank,

42、has been encouraging fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12th that it is exploring various strategic options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Management, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks could d

43、o more to improve returns to shareholders.积极投资人瞄准科技公司的一个原因是，很多科技公司跟苹果一样在经济衰退时拥有很大的现金流，但是资金利用不足。金融家希望他们放松自己的财政，放出更多的现金。伊坎先生想要苹果增加并加速其股份回购计划。现在该计划是截止到2015年末，苹果公司返还600亿美元给股东。One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the

44、economic downturn and have been slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and accelerate a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of

45、 2015.积极投资者瞄准科技公司的另一个原因就是科技的日新月异甚至会搞垮行业巨头。看一看微软的例子，在个人电脑时期成垄断之势，而在平板电脑智能手机时代则处于苦苦挣扎的境地。投资者希望通过推动公司做出更快改变适应市场变化来挣得更多利润。Another reason that tech firms make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologies can trip up even the mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, wh

46、ich ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investors hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidly in response to such upheavals in their markets.报酬是实质性的。在活跃对冲基金第三点公司的怂恿之下，雅虎在2012年7月任命

47、梅丽莎梅耶为新CEO。上个月她任职一年，这家陷入危机的互联网巨头股价上升了70%。7月，这家对冲基金回卖了一大笔股票给雅虎。伊坎先生认为苹果如果听从他关于回购的意见的话，其股价也能大涨。8月14日苹果的股价为每股499美元。这周他发推表示他跟苹果老板蒂姆库克有一个很愉快的对话，尽管他没有说库克对其建议的看法。如果苹果一拖再拖的话，等着丑事儿发生吧。The rewards can be substantial. Egged on by Third Point, an activist hedge fund, Yahoo appointed Marissa Mayer as its new chi

48、ef executive in July 2012. By the time she celebrated a year in the job last month, the troubled web giants share price had risen by over 70%. In July the hedge fund sold a big chunk of shares back to Yahoo. Mr Icahn thinks Apples share price, which closed at $499 on August 14th, could soar too if t

49、he firm follows his advice on buy-backs. He tweeted this week that he had had a “nice conversation” with Tim Cook, Apples boss, about his idea, though he did not say what Mr Cook thought of it. If Apple drags its feet, expect things to turn nasty.A recent study found that men consume an (3)_ 433 cal

50、ories (equivalent to a McDonalds double cheeseburger) on days they drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric increase comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat, and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they aren

51、t drinking, the study showed.Women fared a bit better, taking in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days, from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But womens increase in calories from additional eating wasnt statistically significant, the study said.Men and women ate less healthily on days

52、 they drank alcohol, said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health (4)_, she said.The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which (5)_ gener

53、ally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers suggest that alcohol may enhance the short-term rewarding effects of consuming food, according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol, appetite and obesity.But other studies have pointed

54、to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less weight over time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women, this research has shown. Moderate drinking is (6) _having about two drinks a day for men and one for women.People who gain the least weight are modera

55、te drinkers, regardless of alcoholic beverage choice, said Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary (7)_. The weight-gain difference is modest, and starting to drink is not a weight-los

56、s diet, he said.The various research efforts form part of a long-standing (8)_ about how alcohol affects peoples appetites, weight and overall health. Researchers say there arent simple answers, and suggest that individuals metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role.Alcohol is a real w

57、ild card when it comes to weight management, said Karen Miller-Kovach, chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint, she notes, causing a person to become more (9)_ with wh