神经系统解剖朱晞改spinalnerves.ppt

1、THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM,The Spinal Nerves,Zhu Xi Department of Human Anatomy School of Medicine, Zhejiang University,General Description 1.数量 31 Pairs： Cervical Nerves : 8 pairs Thoracic Nerves : 12 pairs Lumbar Nerves : 5 pairs Sacral Nerves : 5 pairs Coccygeal Nerves : 1 pair,2.组成：2个根和1个神经节

2、Anterior Root: motor fibers Posterior Root: sensory fibers Spinal ganglia: sensoty,3.纤维成分： 4种 The Somatic afferent (sensory) Fibers 躯体感觉 - The Visceral afferent (sensory) Fibers 内脏感觉 The Somatic efferent (motor) Fibers 躯体运动 - The Visceral efferent (motor) Fibers 内脏运动,4. 出椎间孔后的分支 ：4种 Anterior Branch

3、Posterior Branch Meningeal Branch Communicating Branches,Four Branches of a Spinal Nerves,前支除胸神经外都形成丛状： Four Plexuses Cervical Plexus Brachial Plexus Lumbar Plexus Sacral Plexus The thoracic nerves are separated from each other.,The Cervical Plexus 颈丛,一、组成和位置 1. 组成：The anterior branches of the 1st t

4、o 4th cervical nerves (C14),2.位置和颈丛阻滞： sternocleidomastoid m.,二、分支： 1.皮支： The lesser occipital nerve 枕小神经 The great auricular nerve 耳大神经 The transverse nerve of neck 颈横神经 The supraclavicular nerves 锁骨上神经,2.肌支：cervical ansa 颈襻 3.混合神经：The phrenic nerve 膈神经,The Brachial Plexus 臂丛 一、组成: root(C5 T1) trun

5、k division cord 根 干 支 束,二、位置：斜角肌间隙锁骨后方腋血管 三、分支和分布： 1.短神经：3肩、3胸 2.长神经： lateral cord： musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经 median nerve 正中神经 Medial cord： median nerve 正中神经 ulnar nerve 尺神经 Posterior cord ：radial nerve 桡神经 axillary nerve 腋神经,the musculocutaneous n. the axillary n.,the long thoracic n. medial pec

6、toral n. lateral pectoral n.,median n. the ulnar n. the radial n.,the thoracodorsal n.,the musculocutaneous nerve ： anterior group of the arm the median nerve： the most of anterior group of the forearm and part muscles of hand the ulnar nerve： the part of anterior group of the forearm and part muscl

7、es of hand the radial nerve： posterior group of arm and posterior group of the forearm the axillary nerve：deltoid,Radial Nerve,The Anterior Branches of the Thoracic Nerves Intercostal and subcostal nerve 胸神经前支 （11对肋间神经1对肋下神经）,The Lumbar Plexus 腰丛,一、组成和位置： T12 (part)+L13+L4 (part)；腰大肌前方,二、分支及分布： The

8、iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹下神经 The ilioinguinal nerve 髂腹股沟神经 The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 股外侧皮神经 The femoral nerve 股神经 The obturator nerve 闭孔神经 The genitofemoral nerve 生殖股神经,The Sacral Plexus 骶丛,一、组成和位置：The lumbosacral trunk (L45)+S15+Coc； 小骨盆侧壁,The branches of the sacral plexus,二、分支和分布 superior gluteal n. 臀上神经 inferior gluteal n. 臀下神经 pudendal n. 阴部神经 anal nerves 肛神经 perineal nerve 会阴神经 dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris 阴茎（阴蒂）背神经 posterior femoral cutaneous n. 股后皮神经,sciatic n. 坐骨神经： 大腿后