(湖北专版)2014高考英语大二轮 阅读理解 第4讲 “错综复杂”的文章结构题专题复习课件

1、第四讲 “错综复杂”的文章结构题,1所谓文章结构题，就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的论述层次所设置的问题。这类题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行归纳和总结的能力。,2文章结构题的题干表现形式： (1)Which of the following shows the organization of the passage? (2)In the next part，what would the author most probably discuss? (3)The second paragraph is

2、 developed by. (4)How is the passage mainly developed?,(2013陕西卷) According to sociologists (社会学家)，every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification (阶层)Class，power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.,Class means a persons economic position in society.A

3、commonly used classification is lower class，middle class and upper class.While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined，they do describe societies like the United States quite well.One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class,46% the middle class，and 1% t

4、he upper class.Interestingly，a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!,Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.Obviously，people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise (行使) big p

5、ower，but people who take orders from others have less power.Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.For example，the governor of a state has great power，but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的) economic class.Generally，however，there is a relationship between power and class

6、.To our knowledge，there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the US Senate!,Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.It can also be affected by power and class，but not necessarily so.For example，a university professor may have a high status but not belong t

7、o a high social class or have a lot of power over others. 语篇解读 社会学家认为，每一个现代工业社会的阶层是由经济、权力和地位等所决定的。,1What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2? APeople earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class. BNearly half Americans belong to the middle class. CPeople generally consider bu

8、s drivers as the middle class. DSociologists have a clear definition of the middle class. 解析： 细节理解题。 由第二段第四句可知，46%的美国人属于中产阶级，即接近一半的美国人属于中产阶级。 答案： B,2According to the text，we know that_. Apower and class do not always correspond with each other Bstatus refers to a persons economic position in society

9、 Cpeople with high status have a lot of control over others Dclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank 解析： 细节理解题。 由第三段第三句“Power and class do not always go hand in hand，however.”以及第四句所举的例子可知，权力和经济实力并不总是相一致。 答案： A,3Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? (P：Paragr

10、aph),解析： 推理判断题。从整篇文章来看，作者采用先整体概括，再分段论述的写作方法。 答案： A,1了解文章的大致框架是突破文章结构题的关键。对文章的分段方法有： (1)按事情发展的顺序；(2)按时间的先后顺序；(3)按地点或空间位置的变换；(4)按内容的总分关系；(5)按人物的活动内容。,2针对此类题，考生应做到：一读，就是通读全文；二想，就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归，就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起，成为一个大段；四查，就是再把各段段意连起来，看是否能构成一个连贯的整体；五选，就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。 例如真题示例第3题，文章第一段总述了三个方面(class

11、，power，status)在定义阶层中的作用，第二段(class)、第三段(power)和第四段(status)分别叙述了它们的作用，文章结构为总分式，所以选择A项。,(2013山东省济南一中等四校高三下学期联考) According to body language expert Robert Phipps，the way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personality they have.Phipps has identified four sleeping positions t

12、hat affect personality.,Phipps found that worriers，those who stress the most，tend to sleep in the fetal (胎儿的) position.He found that this is the most common bedtime position，with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down.The more we curl up (蜷曲)，the more comfort

13、we are seeking，according to Phipps.,The second most common position is the log.Sleeping with a straight body，with arms at each side，as if they are standing guard at Buckingham Palace，indicates stubbornness，and these people (the 28 percent who sleep this way) often wake up stiffer than when they went

14、 to sleep. “The longer you sleep like this，the more rigid your thinking is and you can become inflexible，which means you make things harder for yourself，” according to Phipps.,Yearner (向往型) sleepers are next on the list.About 25 percent of people sleep in this styleon their side with arms stretched

15、out in front，looking as if they are either chasing a dream or perhaps being chased themselves.Yearners are typically their own worst critics，always expecting the best results，explained Phipps.These people often wake up refreshed and eager to face the challenges of the day ahead.,Perhaps the most pec

16、uliar (奇怪的) of sleep styles is the freefaller position.This sleep style makes up 17 percent of the population.They sleep face down with arms stretched out.These people，according to Phipps，feel like they have little control over their life.Not only is this the strangest of sleep styles，but also the l

17、east comfortable，and people may wake up feeling tired and have no energy.,In conclusion，Phipps has only one more thing to add：“A good nights sleep sets you up for the following day and our sleeping positions can determine how we feel when we wake.” 语篇解读 本文为说明文。肢体语言专家发现，人们睡觉的姿势实际上揭示了很多个性类型的信息。,1Which

18、 of the following is the best title of the passage? AA Good Nights Sleep Sets You Up for the Following Day BYour Personality Depends a Lot on How You Sleep at Night CHow You Sleep at Night Affects What You Do the Next Day DWhich Sleeping Position Helps You Sleep Comfortably,解析： 考查主旨大意。根据本文的主题句中的“the

19、 way people sleep at night actually determines a lot about the type of personlity they have”可知，本文主要讲的是“一个人晚上睡觉的姿势在很大程度上决定了这个人的个性特点。” 答案： B,2Which of the following pictures is the fetal position? 解析： 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“with nearly 58 percent of people sleeping on their side with knees up and head down”可知，“胎儿睡姿”的姿势是“侧躺，头朝下、膝盖往上蜷成一团”，故选D项。 答案： D,3The underlined word “rigid” is closest in meaning to “_” Astubborn Bflexible Ccom